The Electrical Engineering Handbook 1st Edition by Wai Kai Chen 0121709604 9780121709600

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ISBN 10: 0121709604

ISBN 13: 9780121709600

Author: Wai Kai Chen

The Electrical Engineer’s Handbook is an invaluable reference source for all practicing electrical engineers and students. Encompassing 79 chapters, this book is intended to enlighten and refresh knowledge of the practicing engineer or to help educate engineering students. This text will most likely be the engineer’s first choice in looking for a solution; extensive, complete references to other sources are provided throughout. No other book has the breadth and depth of coverage available here. This is a must-have for all practitioners and students! The Electrical Engineer’s Handbook provides the most up-to-date information in: Circuits and Networks, Electric Power Systems, Electronics, Computer-Aided Design and Optimization, VLSI Systems, Signal Processing, Digital Systems and Computer Engineering, Digital Communication and Communication Networks, Electromagnetics and Control and Systems.

About the Editor-in-Chief…
Wai-Kai Chen is Professor and Head Emeritus of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He has extensive experience in education and industry and is very active professionally in the fields of circuits and systems. He was Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Series I and II, President of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society and is the Founding Editor and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers. He is the recipient of the Golden Jubilee Medal, the Education Award, and the Meritorious Service Award from the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, and the Third Millennium Medal from the IEEE. Professor Chen is a fellow of the IEEE and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

The Electrical Engineering Handbook 1st Table of contents:

I: CIRCUIT THEORY

1. Linear Circuit Analysis

1.1 Definitions and Terminology

1.2 Circuit Laws

1.3 Circuit Analysis

1.4 Equivalent Circuits

1.5 Network Theorems

1.6 Time Domain Analysis

1.7 Laplace Transform

1.8 State Variable Analysis

1.9 Alternating Current Steady State Analysis

1.10 Alternating Current Steady State Power

2. Circuit Analysis: A Graph-Theoretic Foundation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basic Concepts and Results

2.3 Graphs and Electrical Networks

2.4 Loop and Cutset Systems of Equations

2.5 Summary

References

3. Computer-Aided Design

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modified Nodal Analysis

3.3 Formulation of MNA Equations of Nonlinear Circuits

3.4 A Direct Current Solution of Nonlinear Circuits

3.5 Transient Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits

References

4. Synthesis of Networks

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Elementary Networks

4.3 Network Functions

4.4 Frequency Domain Responses

4.5 Normalization and Scaling

4.6 Approximations for Low-Pass Filters

4.7 Transformations of Inductor Capacitor Low-Pass Filters

4.8 Realizability of Functions

4.9 Synthesis of LC One-Ports

4.10 Synthesis of LC Two-Port Networks

4.11 All-Pass Networks

4.12 Summary

References

5. Nonlinear Circuits

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Models of Physical Circuit Elements

5.3 Voltages and Currents in Nonlinear Circuits

5.4 Open Problems

References

II: ELECTRONICS

1. Investigation of Power Management Issues for Future Generation Microprocessors

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Limitations of Today’s Technologies

1.3 Advanced VRM Topologies

1.4 Future VRMs

1.5 Conclusions

References

2. Noise in Analog and Digital Systems

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Analog (Small-Signal) Noise

2.3 Digital (Large-Signal) Noise

Bibliography

3. Field Effect Transistors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Metal-Oxide-Silicon Capacitor

3.3 Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field Effect Transistor

3.4 Junction Field Effect Transistor

3.5 Metal-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

3.6 Modulation-Doped Field Effect Transistor

References

4. Active Filters

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Realization Methods

References

5. Junction Diodes and Bipolar Junction Transistors

5.1 Junction Diodes

5.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor

References

6. Semiconductors

6.1 History of Semiconductors

6.2 Dielectrics, Semiconductors, and Metals

6.3 Electron and Hole Velocities and Mobilities

6.4 Important Semiconductor Materials

References

7. Power Semiconductor Devices

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Breakdown Voltage

7.3 P-i-N Diode

7.4 Schottky Diode

7.5 Power Bipolar Transistor

7.6 Thyristor

7.7 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor

7.8 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

7.9 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

7.10 Other MOS-Gate Devices

7.11 Smart Power Technologies

7.12 Other Material Technologies

Bibliography

III: VLSI SYSTEMS

1. Logarithmic and Residue Number Systems for VLSI Arithmetic

1.1 Introduction

1.2 LNS Basics

1.3 The Residue Number System

References

2. Custom Memory Organization and Data Transfer: Architectural Issues and Exploration Methods

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Custom Memory Components

2.3 Off-Chip and Global Hierarchical Memory Organization

2.4 Code Rewriting Techniques to Improve Data Reuse and Access Locality

2.5 How to Meet Real-Time Bandwidth Constraints

2.6 Custom Memory Organization Design

2.7 Data Layout Reorganization for Reduced Memory Size

References

3. The Role of Hardware Description Languages in the Design Process of Multinature Systems

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Design Process and Levels of Abstraction

3.3 Fundamentals of VHDL–AMS

3.4 Systems Modeling: A Multinature Example

3.5 Conclusion and Further Readings

References

4. Clock Skew Scheduling for Improved Reliability

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Background

4.3 Clock Scheduling for Improved Reliability

4.4 Derivation of the QP Algorithm

4.5 Practical Considerations

4.6 Experimental Results

References

5. Trends in Low-Power VLSI Design

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Importance of Low-Power CMOS Design

5.3 Sources of Power Consumption in CMOS

5.4 Power Consumption Considerations

5.5 Energy Versus Power

5.6 Optimization Metrics

5.7 Techniques for Power Reduction

Acknowledgments

References

6. Production and Utilization of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Overview of MEMS

6.3 From Design to Reliable MEMS Devices

6.4 Diversity of MEMS Applications

6.5 Summary

Appendix: Books on MEMS

References

7. Noise Analysis and Design in Deep Submicron Technology

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Noise Sources

7.3 Noise Reduction Techniques

7.4 Noise Analysis Algorithms

Acknowledgments

References

8. Interconnect Noise Analysis and Optimization in Deep Submicron Technology

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Interconnect Noise Models

8.3 Noise Minimization Techniques

8.4 Interconnect Noise in Early Design Stages

8.5 Case Study Pentium 4

Acknowledgments

References

IV: DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

1. Computer Architecture

1.1 Microprogramming

1.2 Memory Hierarchy in Computer Systems

1.3 Bus and Interface

1.4 Input/Output

2. Multiprocessors

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Architecture of Multiprocessor Systems

2.3 Cache Coherence

2.4 Software Development and Tools

2.5 Recent Advances

2.6 Summary

References

3. Configurable Computing

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Approach

3.3 Overview

3.4 Current and Future Trends

3.5 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

4. Operating Systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Operating System Concepts

4.3 Operating Systems History

4.4 A Model Operating System

4.5 Case 1: UNIX

4.6 Case 2: MS-DOS

References

5. Expert Systems

5.1 Overview

5.2 Knowledge Representation

5.3 Reasoning

5.4 Knowledge Acquisition

5.5 Explanation

References

6. Multimedia Systems: Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Multimedia Storage and Encoding

6.3 Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval

6.4 Conclusions

References

7. Multimedia Networks and Communication

7.1 Preface

7.2 Introduction to Multimedia

7.3 Best-Effort Internet Support for Distributed Multimedia Traffic Requirements

7.4 Enhancing the TCP/IP Protocol Stack to Support Functional Requirements of Distributed Multimedia

7.5 Quality of Service Architecture for Third-Generation Cellular Systems

References

8. Fault Tolerance in Computer Systems„From Circuits to Algorithms

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fault Detection and Tolerance for Arithmetic Circuits

8.3 Fault Tolerance in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

8.4 Control Flow Checking With a Watchdog Processor

8.5 Microrollback„A Fault-Tolerance Mechanism for Processor Systems

8.6 Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance

8.7 Conclusions

References

9. High-Level Petri Nets„Extensions, Analysis, and Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 High-Level Petri Nets

9.3 Temporal Predicate Transition Nets

9.4 PZ Nets

9.5 Hierarchical Predicate Transition Nets

9.6 Fuzzy-Timing High-Level Petri Nets

Acknowledgements

References

V: ELECTROMAGNETICS

1. Magnetostatics

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Direct Current

1.3 Governing Equations of Magnetostatics

1.4 Magnetic Force and Torque

1.5 Magnetic Materials

1.6 Inductance

1.7 Stored Energy

1.8 Magnetic Circuits

References

2. Electrostatics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Sources and Fields

2.3 Boundary Conditions and Laplace’s Equation

2.4 Capacitance

References

3. Plane Wave Propagation and Reflection

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic Properties of a Plane Wave

3.3 Propagation of a Homogeneous Plane Wave

3.4 Plane Wave Reflection and Transmission

3.5 Example: Reflection of an RHCP Wave

References

4. Transmission Lines

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Equivalent Circuit

4.3 Alternating Current Analysis

4.4 Smith Chart

4.5 Summary

Appendix A: References

5. Guided Waves

5.1 Definition of Guiding Structure or Waveguide

5.2 Classification and Definitions

5.3 Rectangular Waveguide

5.4 Partially Filled Metallic Rectangular Waveguide

5.5 Circular Metal Waveguide

5.6 Microstrip Line

5.7 Slot Line

5.8 Coplanar Waveguide

5.9 Dielectric Circular Waveguide and Optical Fiber

5.10 Line-Type Waveguide

References

6. Antennas and Radiation

I. Antenna Fundamentals

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Antenna as a Transmitter

6.3 Antenna as a Receiver

6.4 Transmit–Receive Communication Link

6.5 Antenna as a Scatterer

References

II. Antenna Elements and Arrays

6.6 Introduction

6.7 Antenna Elements

6.8 Antenna Array

References

7. Microwave Passive Components

7.1 General Concepts and Basic Definitions

7.2 Basic Passive Elements and Circuits

7.3 Impedance Transformers and Matching Networks

7.4 Hybrids, Couplers, and Power Dividers/Combiners

7.5 Resonators and Cavities

7.6 Filter Circuits

7.7 Ferrite Components

7.8 Other Passive Components

References

8. Computational Electromagnetics: The Method of Moments

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Basic Principle

8.3 Integral Equations

8.4 Basis Functions

8.5 Testing Functions

8.6 Solution of Matrix Equations

References

9. Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Maxwell’s Equations

9.3 The Yee Algorithm

9.4 Numerical Dispersion

9.5 Numerical Stability

9.6 Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary Conditions

9.7 Examples of FDTD Modeling Applications

9.8 Summary and Conclusions

Bibliography

10. Radar and Inverse Scattering

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Parameters of a Pulsed Radar

10.3 Radar Equation

10.4 Radar Cross Section

10.5 Radar Transmitters

10.6 Radar Receivers and Displays

10.7 Radar Antennas

10.8 Clutter

10.9 Radar Detection

10.10 Continuous Wave Radars

10.11 Moving Target Indicator and Pulse Doppler Radars

10.12 Tracking Radar

10.13 High-Resolution Radar

10.14 High Cross-Range Resolution Radar

10.15 Inverse Scattering

References

11. Microwave Active Circuits and Integrated Antennas

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Device Technology and Concepts

11.3 Active Microwave Circuits

11.4 Planar Antenna Technology

11.5 Active Integrated Antennas

References

VI: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

1. Three-Phase Alternating Current Systems

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Two-Wire and Three-Wire Systems: Current

1.3 Voltages

2. Electric Power System Components

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Generators and Transformers

3. Power Transformers

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Transformers: Description and Use

3.3 Transformers: Theory and Principle

3.4 Cooling Methods

3.5 Transformer Applications

3.6 Cores and Windings

3.7 Transformer Performance

3.8 Acceptance Tests

References

4. Introduction to Electric Machines

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Direct Current Machines

4.3 Three-Phase Induction Motor

4.4 Synchronous Machines

4.5 Single-Phase Induction Machines

5. High-Voltage Transmission

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Design Considerations for Overhead Lines

5.3 Stresses Encountered in Service

5.4 Insulator Performance

5.5 Established Methods Employed for Installations In-Service

5.6 Newer Developments to Improve Performance of Installations In-Service

5.7 Methods for Improving Contamination Performance of New Installations

5.8 Underground Transmission Cables

References

6. Power Distribution

6.1 Distribution System

6.2 Quality of Service and Voltage Standards

References

7. Power System Analysis

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Steady-State Analysis

7.3 Dynamic Analysis

7.4 Conclusion

References

8. Power System Operation and Control

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Generation Dispatch

8.3 Frequency Control

8.4 Conclusion: Contemporary Issues

9. Fundamentals of Power System Protection

9.1 Fundamentals of Power System Protection

9.2 Relaying Systems, Principles, and Criteria of Operation

9.3 Protection of Transmission Lines

9.4 Protection of Power Transformers

9.5 Protection of Synchronous Generators

9.6 Bus Protection

9.7 Protection of Induction Motors

References

10. Electric Power Quality

10.1 Definition

10.2 Types of Disturbances

10.3 Measurement of Electric Power Quality

10.4 Instrumentation Considerations

10.5 Analysis Techniques

10.6 Nomenclature

References

VII: SIGNAL PROCESSING

1. Signals and Systems

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Signals

1.3 Systems

1.4 Analysis in Frequency Domain

1.5 The z-Transform and Laplace Transform

1.6 Sampling and Quantization

1.7 Discrete Fourier Transform

1.8 Summary

References

2. Digital Filters

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Digital Signal Processing Systems

2.3 Sampling of Analog Signals

2.4 Digital Filters and Linear Systems

2.5 Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters

2.6 Infinite Impulse Response Filters

2.7 Digital Filter Realizations

2.8 FIR Filter Approximation Methods

2.9 FIR Filter Design by Optimization

2.10 IIR Filter Approximations

2.11 Quantization in Digital Filters

2.12 Real-Time Implementation of Digital Filters

2.13 Conclusion

References

3. Methods, Models, and Algorithms for Modern Speech Processing

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modeling Speech Production

3.3 Fundamental Methods and Algorithms Used in Speech Processing

3.4 Specialized Speech Processing Methods and Algorithms

3.5 Summary and Conclusions

References

4. Digital Image Processing

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Image Sampling

4.3 Image Quantization

4.4 Image Enhancement

4.5 Image Restoration

4.6 Image Coding

4.7 Image Analysis

4.8 Summary

References

5. Multimedia Systems and Signal Processing

5.1 Introduction

5.2 MPEG-7 UMA

5.3 MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation

5.4 Transcoding Optimization

5.5 Multimedia Content Selection

5.6 Summary

References

6. Statistical Signal Processing

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Bayesian Estimation

6.3 Linear Estimation

6.4 Fisher Statistics

6.5 Signal Detection

6.6 Suggested Readings

References

7. VLSI Signal Processing

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Algorithm to Hardware Synthesis

7.3 Hardware Implementation

7.4 Conclusion

References

VIII: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

1. Signal Types, Properties, and Processes

1.1 Signal Types

1.2 Energy and Power of a Signal

1.3 Random Processes

1.4 Transmission of a Random Signal Through a Linear Time-Invariant Filter

1.5 Power Spectral Density

1.6 Relation Between the psd of Input Versus the psd of Output

2. Digital Communication System Concepts

2.1 Digital Communication System

2.2 Messages, Characters, and Symbols

2.3 Sampling Process

2.4 Aliasing

2.5 Quantization

2.6 Pulse Amplitude Modulation

2.7 Sources of Corruption

2.8 Voice Communication

2.9 Encoding

3. Transmission of Digital Signals

3.1 Transmission of Digital Data

3.2 Detection of Binary Signals in Gaussian Noise

3.3 Error Probability

3.4 The Matched Filter

3.5 Error Probability Performance of Binary Signaling

3.6 Equalizer

4. Modulation and Demodulation Technologies

4.1 Modulation and Demodulation

4.2 Introduction to Modulation

4.3 Phase Shift Keying

4.4 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

4.5 The π/4 Differential Phase Shift Keying

4.6 Minimum Shift Keying

4.7 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

4.8 Synchronization

4.9 Equalization

4.10 Summary of Modulation and Demodulation Processes

5. Data Communication Concepts

5.1 Introduction to Data Networking

6. Communication Network Architecture

6.1 Computer Network Architecture

6.2 Local Networking Technologies

6.3 Local Network Internetworking Using Bridges or Routers

6.4 Conclusion

Glossary

References

7. Wireless Network Access Technologies

7.1 Access Technologies

7.2 Comparisons of FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA

8. Convergence of Networking Technologies

8.1 Convergence

8.2 Optical Networking

IX: CONTROLS AND SYSTEMS

1. Algebraic Topics in Control

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Vector Spaces Over Fields and Modules Over Rings

1.3 Matrices and Matrix Algebra

1.4 Square Matrix Functions: Determinants and Inverses

1.5 The Algebra of Polynomials

1.6 Characteristic and Singular Values

1.7 Nonassociative Algebras

1.8 Biosystems Applications

References

2. Stability

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Stability Concepts

2.3 Stability Criteria

2.4 Lyapunov Stability Concepts

2.5 Lyapunov Stability of Linear Time-Invariant Systems

2.6 Lyapunov Stability Results

References

3. Robust Multivariable Control

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modeling

3.3 Performance Analysis

3.4 Stability Theorems

3.5 Robust Stability

3.6 Linear Quadratic Regulator and Gaussian Control Problems

3.7 H∞ Control

3.8 Passivity-Based Control

3.9 Conclusion

References

4. State Estimation

4.1 Introduction

4.2 State-Space Representations

4.3 Recursive State Estimation

4.4 State Estimator Design Approaches

4.5 Performance Analysis

4.6 Implementation Issues

4.7 Example: Inertial Navigation System Error Estimation

4.8 Further Reading

References

5. Cost-Cumulants and Risk-Sensitive Control

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian Control

5.3 Cost-Cumulant Control

5.4 Risk-Sensitive Control

5.5 Relationship Between Risk-Sensitive and Cost-Cumulant Control

5.6 Applications

5.7 Conclusions

References

6. Frequency Domain System Identification

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Frequency Domain Curve-Fitting

6.3 State-Space System Realization

6.4 Application Studies

6.5 Conclusion

References

7. Modeling Interconnected Systems: A Functional Perspective

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Component Connection Model

7.3 System Identification

7.4 Simulation

7.5 Fault Analysis

7.6 Concluding Remarks

References

8. Fault-Tolerant Control

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Overview of Fault Diagnosis and Accommodation

8.3 Problem Statement

8.4 Online Fault Accommodation Control

8.5 Architecture of Multiple Model-Based Fault Diagnosis and Accommodation

8.6 Simulation Study and Discussions

8.7 Conclusion

References

9. Gain-Scheduled Controllers

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Gain-Scheduling Design Through Linearization

9.3 Gain Scheduling for Linear Parameter Varying Systems

9.4 Conclusions

References

10. Sliding-Mode Control Methodologies for Regulating Idle Speed in Internal Combustion Engines

10.1 Introduction

10.2 SMC for Systems with Delay

10.3 Discrete Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control

10.4 Application: IC Engine Idle Speed Control

10.5 Application of SMC for Point-Delayed Systems

10.6 Application of Adaptive DSMC

10.7 Summary

Acknowledgments

Appendix: IC Engine Nomenclature

References

11. Nonlinear Input/Output Control: Volterra Synthesis

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Problem Definition Using Total Synthesis

11.3 Plant Representation

11.4 Controller Design

11.5 Simplified Partial Linearization Controller Design

11.6 SDOF Base-Isolated Structure Example

11.7 Conclusion

References

12. Intelligent Control of Nonlinear Systems with a Time-Varying Structure

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Direct Adaptive Control

12.3 Application: Direct Adaptive Wing Rock Regulation with Varying Angle of Attack

12.4 Conclusion

References

13. Direct Learning by Reinforcement

13.1 Introduction

13.2 A General Framework for Direct Learning Through Association and Reinforcement

13.3 Analytical Characteristics of an Online NDP Learning Process

13.4 Example 1

13.5 Example 2

13.6 Conclusion

References

14. Software Technologies for Complex Control Systems

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Objects and Components: Software Technologies

14.3 Layered Architectures

14.4 Networked Communications

14.5 Middleware

14.6 Real-Time Applications

14.7 Software Tools for Control Applications

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