Social Psychology 2nd Edition by Kenneth Bordens, Irwin Horowitz 1138136999 9781138136991

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ISBN 10: 1138136999

ISBN 13: 9781138136991

Author: Kenneth S. Bordens; Irwin A. Horowitz

This second edition presents the core fundamentals of the subject in 11 manageable chapters while maintaining the book’s scientific integrity. The research methods students need to understand, interpret, and analyze social psychological research are emphasized throughout. The streamlined approach provides an economical textbook for students and a flexible format that allows instructors to cover the entire book in a single semester. A book specific Web site contains a free online study guide and a variety of teaching tools. An Instructor’s Manual/Test Bank and a Computerized Test Bank are also available.

Social Psychology 2nd Table of contents:

CHAPTER 1 Understanding Social Behavior

Social Psychology and the Understanding of Social Behavior

A Model for Understanding Social Behavior

Expanding Lewin’s Model

Social Psychology and Related Fields

Research in Social Psychology

Experimental Research

Correlational Research

Settings for Social Psychological Research

The Role of Theory in Social Psychological Research

Theory and the Research Process

Theory and Application

What do We Learn from Research in Social Psychology?

Do Social Psychologists Study the Obvious?

Do Exceptions Mean Research Results are Wrong?

Ethics and Social Psychological Research

Columbine High School Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 2 The Social Self

Self-Concept

Self-Knowledge: How We Know the Self

The Influence of Groups and Culture on the Self

Self-Esteem: Evaluating the Self

Internal Influences on Self-Esteem

Self-Awareness

Self-Knowledge and Self-Awareness

The Cost and Ironic Effects of Self-Control

Managing Self-Presentations

Self-Esteem and Impression Management

Self-Monitoring and Impression Management

Self-Presentation and Manipulative Strategies

Self-Handicapping

The Impression We Make on Others

The Life of James Carroll Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 3 Social Perception Understanding other People

Impression Formation: Automaticity and Social Perception

Automatic Processing

The Importance of Automaticity in Social Perception

Automaticity and Behavior

Automaticity and Emotions

Controlled Processing

The Impression others Make on us: How do we “Read” People?

How Accurate Are Our Impressions?

Confidence and Impression Formation

It is Hard to Catch a Liar: Detecting Deception

The Attribution Process: Deciding why People Act as They Do

Heider’s Early Work on Attribution

Correspondent Inference Theory

Covariation Theory

Dual Process Models

Attribution Biases

Misattributions

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Sinister Attribution Error: Paranoid Social Cognition

Why We Make the Fundamental Attribution Error

Correcting the Fundamental Attribution Error

The Actor–Observer Bias

The False Consensus Bias

Constructing an Impression of others

The Significance of First Impressions

Schemas

Stories

The Confirmation Bias

Shortcuts to Reality: Heuristics

How We View Our Social World: Thinking about Thinking

Cognitive Optimism and Happiness

The Incompetent, the Inept: Are They Happy?

The Effects of Distressing and Joyful Events on Future Happiness

Bottom Line

The Vincennes Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 4 Prejudice and Discrimination

The Dynamics of Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination

Prejudice and Stereotypes

Stereotypes

Discrimination

The Persistence and Recurrence of Prejudice and Stereotypes

Personality and Prejudice: Authoritarianism and Gender

The Authoritarian Personality

Gender and Prejudice

The Social Roots of Prejudice

Modern Racism

Changing Social Norms

The Cognitive Roots of Prejudice: From Categories to Stereotypes

Identify with the In-Group

A Biological Perspective on In-Group Bias

The Role of Language in Maintaining Bias

Illusory Correlations

From Illusory Correlations to Negative Stereotypes via the Fundamental Attribution Error

The Confirmation Bias

The Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

The Difference between Prejudiced and Nonprejudiced Individuals

The Consequences of Being a Target of Prejudice

Ways Prejudice Can Be Expressed

Coping with Prejudice

Reducing Prejudice

Contact between Groups

Personalizing Out-Group Members

Reducing the Expression of Prejudice through Social Norms

A Success Story: The Disarming of Racism in the U.S. Army

The Mormon Experience Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 5 Attitudes

What are Attitudes?

Allport’s Definition of Attitudes

Attitude Structures

Explicit and Implicit Attitudes

Attitudes as an Expression of Values

What Do Attitudes Do for Us? The Function of Attitudes

How are Attitudes Measured?

The Attitude Survey

Potential Biases in Attitude Surveys

Behavioral Measures

How are Attitudes Formed?

Mere Exposure

Direct Personal Experience

Operant and Classical Conditioning

Observational Learning

The Effect of Television and Books

The Effect of Textbooks

The Heritability Factor

Attitudes and Behavior

An Early Study of Attitudes and Behavior

The Theory of Reasoned Action

Theory of Planned Behavior

The Importance of Conviction

Ideology

The Nonrational Actor

Mindless Behavior in Everyday Life

The Rational and Nonrational Actors: A Resolution

Ida Tarbell Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 6 Persuasion and Attitude Change

The Yale Communication Model

The Communicator

The Message and the Audience

Social Judgment Theory

The Problem of Multiple Audiences

The Cognitive Approach to Persuasion

The Elaboration Likelihood Model

The Effect of Mood on Processing

The Effect of Personal Relevance on Processing

The Impact of Attitude Accessibility on Elaboration

Do Vivid Messages Persuade Better than Nonvivid Messages?

Need for Cognition: Some Like to Do It the Hard Way

The Heuristic Model of Persuasion

Cognitive Dissonance Theory: A Model of Self-Persuasion

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Alternatives to Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Self-Perception Theory

Persuading the Masses

Public Health Campaigns: Educating People about AIDS

The Limits of Persuasion

The Leopold and Loeb Case Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 7 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience

Conformity: Going Along with the Crowd

Informational and Normative Social Influence

Social Norms: The Key to Conformity

Classic Studies in Conformity

How Does Social Influence Bring about Conformity?

Factors that Affect Conformity

Minority Influence

Can a Minority Influence the Majority?

Majority and Minority Influence: Two Processes or One?

Compliance: Responding to a Direct Request

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Low-Ball Technique

Compliance Techniques: Summing Up

Obedience

The Banality of Evil: Eichmann’s Fallacy

Ultimately, Who is Responsible for Evil Deeds?

Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience

Predicted Behavior and Results in the Milgram Experiment

Situational Determinants of Obedience

The Role of Gender in Obedience

Obedience or Aggression?

Obedience Across Culture, Situation, and Time

Reevaluating Milgram’s Findings

Critiques of Milgram’s Research

Disobedience

Breaking with Authority

Reassessing the Legitimacy of the Authority

Strength in Numbers

The Jury Room Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 8 Group Processes

What is a Group?

Characteristics of Groups

What Holds a Group Together?

How and Why do Groups Form?

Meeting Basic Needs

Roles in Groups

How do Groups Influence the Behavior of Individuals?

The Effects of an Audience on Performance

The Distraction–Conflict Effect

The Effects of Group Participation on Performance

Groups, Self-Identity, and Intergroup Relationships

Why People Identify with a Social Category

Self-Categorization Theory (SCT)

The Power of Groups to Punish: Social Ostracism

Deindividuation and Anonymity: The Power of Groups to Do Violence

Group Decision Making and Group Productivity

Individual Decisions Versus Group Decisions

Does a Group do Better than its Best Member?

The Effect of Leadership Style on Group Decision Making

Factors That Affect the Decision-Making Ability of a Group

The Dynamics of Group Decision Making: Decision Rules, Group Polarization, and Groupthink

How Groups Blend Individual Choices into Group Decisions

Group Polarization

Groupthink

The Challenger Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 9 Close Relationships

The Roots of Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Affiliation and Intimacy

Loneliness and Social Anxiety

Love and Close Relationships

Love’s Triangle

Types of Love

The Formation of Intimate Relationships

Attachment Styles and Adult Love Relationships

Determinants of Interpersonal Attraction

Dimensions of Physical Attractiveness

Physique and the Attractiveness Bias

Beauty and the View from Evolutionary Psychology

Dynamics of Close Relationships

Relationship Development

Evaluating Relationships

Love Over Time

Sculpting a Relationship

Responses to Conflict

Love in the Lab

Friendships

Gertrude and Alice Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 10 Interpersonal Aggression

What is Aggression?

Levels and Types of Aggression

Gender Differences in Aggression

Factors that Contribute to Aggression

Biological Explanations for Aggression

Ethology

Sociobiology

The Physiology of Aggression

The Effects of Alcohol on Aggression

The Frustration–Aggression Link

Components of the Frustration–Aggression Sequence

Factors Mediating the Frustration–Aggression Link

The Social Learning Explanation for Aggression

The Socialization of Aggression

Aggressive Scripts: Why and how they Develop

The Role of the Family in Developing Aggressive Behaviors

Child Abuse and Neglect

Family Disruption

The Role of Culture in Violent Behavior

The Role of Television in Teaching Aggression

Viewing Sexual Violence: the Impact on Aggression

Reducing Aggression

Reducing Aggression in the Family

Reducing Aggression with Cognitive Intervention

Matthew Shepard Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

CHAPTER 11 Altruism

Why do People Help?

Empathy: Helping in Order to Relieve another’s Suffering

Empathy and Egoism: Two Paths to Helping

Challenging the Empathy–Altruism Hypothesis

Biological Explanations: Helping in Order to Preserve Our Own Genes

Reprise: Why do We Help?

Helping in Emergencies: A Five-Stage Decision Model

1. Noticing the Situation

2. Labeling the Situation as an Emergency

3. Assuming Responsibility to Help: The Bystander Effect

4. Deciding How to Help

5. Implementing the Decision to Help

Increasing the Chances of Receiving Help

Helping in Nonemergencies: Situational and Personality Influences

Righteous Rescuers in Nazi-Occupied Europe

The Oliners and the Altruistic Personality Project

Situational Factors Involved in Becoming a Rescuer

Personality Factors Involved in Becoming a Rescuer

Altruism as a Function of Child-Rearing Style

Altruism as a Function of Cognitive Development

Becoming an Altruistic Person

A Synthesis: Situational and Personality Factors in Altruism

The Interactionist View

Applying the Five-Stage Decision Model to Long-Term Helping

Noticing the Situation

Labeling the Situation as an Emergency

Assuming Responsibility to Help

Deciding How to Help

Implementing the Decision to Help

Altruistic Behavior from the Perspective of the Recipient

Seeking Help from Others

A Decision Model for Seeking Help

Factors Influencing the Decision to Seek Help

Reacting to Help When it is Given

Seth Conklin Revisited

Chapter Review

Internet Activity

Suggestions for Further Reading

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