Security and Privacy in Internet of Things Iots Models Algorithms and Implementations 1st Edition by Fei Hu ISBN 9781040070864 1040070868

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ISBN 10: 1040070868
ISBN 13: 9781040070864
Author: Fei Hu

Security and Privacy in Internet of Things Iots Models Algorithms and Implementations 1st Edition Table of contents:

I: THREATS AND ATTACKS

1 Internet of Things (IoT) as Interconnection of Threats (IoT)

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Phases of IoT System

1.2.1 Phase I: Data collection, acquisition, perception

1.2.2 Phase II: Storage

1.2.3 Phase III: Intelligent processing

1.2.4 Phase IV: Data transmission

1.2.5 Phase V: Delivery

1.3 Internet of Things as Interconnections of Threats (IoT vs. IoT)

1.3.1 Phase attacks

1.3.1.1 Data leakage or breach

1.3.1.2 Data sovereignty

1.3.1.3 Data loss

1.3.1.4 Data authentication

1.3.1.5 Attack on availability

1.3.1.5.1 Flooding by attackers

1.3.1.5.2 Flooding by legitimates (flash crowd)

1.3.1.5.3 Flooding by spoofing attackers

1.3.1.5.4 Flooding by aggressive legitimates

1.3.1.6 Modification of sensitive data

1.3.2 Attacks as per architecture

1.3.2.1 External attack

1.3.2.2 Wormhole attack

1.3.2.3 Selective forwarding attack

1.3.2.4 Sinkhole attack

1.3.2.5 Sewage pool attack

1.3.2.6 Witch attack

1.3.2.7 HELLO flood attacks

1.3.2.8 Addressing all things in IoT

1.3.2.9 Distributed denial of service (DDoS)

1.3.2.10 Flash crowd

1.3.2.11 IP spoof attack

1.3.2.12 Types of spoof attacks

1.3.2.13 Goodput

1.3.2.14 Data centers (DCs)

1.3.2.15 Botnet

1.3.2.16 Confidentiality

1.3.2.17 Physical security

1.3.2.18 Software security

1.3.2.19 Network security

1.3.2.20 Legal service-level agreement (SLA) issues

1.3.2.21 Eavesdropping

1.3.2.22 Replay attack

1.3.2.23 Back door

1.3.2.24 Sybil attack

1.3.2.25 Byzantine failure

1.3.2.26 Data protection

1.3.2.27 Incomplete data deletion

1.3.3 Attacks based on components

Bibliography

Chapter 2: Attack, Defense, and Network Robustness of Internet of Things

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Centrality Attacks, Network Resilience, and Topological Defense Scheme

2.2.1 Centrality attacks

2.2.2 Network resilience

2.2.3 Topological defense scheme

2.3 Game-Theoretic Analysis of Network Robustness and Fusion-Based Defense Scheme

2.4 Sequential Defense Scheme

2.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Bibliography

Chapter 3: Sybil Attack Detection in Vehicular Networks

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Related Work

3.3 Location Certificate-Based Scheme

3.3.1 Sybil node detection scheme

3.4 Formal Modeling and Verification

3.5 Conclusion

3A Appendices

3A. 1 Vehicle proctype

3A. 2 RSU proctype

3A. 3 CA proctype

Bibliography

Chapter 4: Malware Propagation and Control in Internet of Things

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Malware Schemes in IoT

4.2.1 Modeling from the view of individuals

4.2.2 Modeling from the viewpoint of whole networks

4.2.3 Control of malware propagation

4.2.4 Optimal control of malware propagation

4.3 Modeling Malware Dynamics from the Individual Viewpoint

4.3.1 Impulse-free model (IFM)

4.3.1.1 Expected malware level E[X(t)]

4.3.1.2 Incubation period Tand remaining lifetime R

4.3.1.3 Transition probability Pij(t)

4.3.2.1 Incubation period T and remaining lifetime R

4.3.2.2 Transition probability Pij(t)

4.3.2.3 Steady-state probability Pn

4.3.3 Numerical results

4.3.4 Summary

4.4 Modeling Malware Dynamics from the Network Viewpoint

4.4.1 Malware dynamics: SI model

4.4.1.1 Numerical results

4.4.1.2 Summary

4.4.2 Malware dynamics under malware control: SIR model

4.4.3 Performance evaluation

4.5 Optimal Control of Malware

4.5.1 Early-stage analysis

4.5.2 Performance evaluation

4.5.3 Summary

4.6 Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 5: A Solution-Based Analysis of Attack Vectors on Smart Home Systems

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Smart world

5.2 Related Work

5.3 The digitalSTROM Environment

5.4 Attack Vectors on SHS

5.4.1 Central digitalSTROM server

5.4.2 Smart control devices

5.4.3 Smart home communication bus

5.4.4 Remote third-party services

5.4.5 Two attack scenarios

5.5 SHS Hardening

5.5.1 Central digitaISTROM server

5.5.2 Smart control devices

5.5.3 Smart home communication bus

5.5.4 Remote third-party services

5.6 Solution Analysis

5.7 Conclusion

Bibliography

II: PRIVACY PRESERVATION

Chapter 6: Privacy Preservation Data Dissemination

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Problem Overview

6.2.1 Network model

6.2.1.1 Sensor nodes

6.2.1.2 Storage nodes

6.2.1.3 Mobile sinks

6.2.2 Threat model

6.3 Problem Formulation

6.3.1 Privacy scope

6.3.2 Motivation for privacy and availability definition

6.3.3 Uncertainty and information states

6.3.3.1 Modeling the uncertainty

6.3.3.2 Computing the information state

6.3.3.3 Information states in the network

6.3.4 Evaluation criteria

6.3.4.1 Privacy

6.3.4.2 Availability

6.3.4.3 Energy

6.3.5 Problem definition

6.3.6 Baseline data dissemination

6.3.6.1 Shortest path

6.3.6.2 Random coloring

6.4 SPG-based Data Dissemination

6.4.1 Spatial privacy graph

6.4.2 Enhancing privacy via a distributed coloring algorithm

6.4.2.1 Algorithm walk-through

Lemma 6.1

6.4.2.2 Algorithm challenges

6.4.3 Enhancing availability via message replication

6.5 Experiment Validation

6.5.1 Simulation methodology

6.5.2 Experiment results

6.5.2.1 Impact of p

6.5.2.2 Impact of ns

6.6 Related Work

6.7 Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 7: Privacy Preservation for IoT Used in Smart Buildings

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Overview of Smart Building Concept

7.2.1 Smart building subsystems

7.2.2 IoT devices used in smart buildings

7.2.3 Intelligence in smart buildings

7.3 Privacy Threats in Smart Buildings

7.3.1 Privacy of user behavior

7.3.2 Location privacy

7.3.2.1 Privacy issues with wireless LANs

7.3.2.2 RFID privacy issues

7.3.3 Visual privacy

7.4 Privacy-Preserving Approaches in Smart Buildings

7.4.1 Wireless LAN privacy-preserving approaches

7.4.2 RFID privacy-preserving approaches

7.4.3 Video surveillance privacy-preserving approaches

7.5 Smart Meter Privacy-Preserving Approaches

7.5.1 Anonymization approaches

7.5.1.1 Identity pseudonymization

7.5.1.2 Anonymity through trusted neighborhood gateways

7.5.2 Power consumption modification approaches

7.5.2.1 Load signature moderation

7.5.2.2 Power usage data masking

7.5.3 Encryption-based approaches

7.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Research

Bibliography

Chapter 8: Exploiting Mobility Social Features for Location Privacy Enhancement in Internet of Vehicles

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Related work

8.1.2 Contributions and organization of the paper

8.2 System Model

8.2.1 Network model

8.2.2 Threat model

8.2.3 Location privacy requirements

8.3 Proposed Location Privacy Preservation Scheme: MixGroup

8.3.1 Characteristics of vehicular social networks

8.3.2 Two observations from real vehicle traces

8.3.2.1 Observation one

8.3.2.2 Observation two

8.3.3 MixGroup: Brief overview

8.3.4 MixGroup: Detailed operations

8.3.4.1 System initialization and key generation

8.3.4.2 Group join

8.3.4.3 Pseudonym exchange

8.3.4.4 RSU signing protocol

8.3.4.5 Group leaving

8.3.4.6 Revocation protocol

8.3.4.7 Conditional tracking

8.3.4.8 Discussions

8.4 Security Analysis

8.4.1 Attack and defense analysis

8.4.1.1 GPA and RPA

8.4.1.2 Incorrect data attack

8.4.1.3 Liability attack

8.4.1.4 IBA and ITA

8.4.2 Entropy-optimal pseudonym exchange

8.5 Performance Evaluation

8.5.1 Global pseudonym entropy of VSN

8.5.2 Pseudonym entropy of target vehicle

8.5.3 Comparison with existing schemes

8.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Bibliography

Chapter 9: Lightweight and Robust Schemes for Privacy Protection in Key Personal IoT Applications: Mobile WBSN and Participatory Sensing

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Lightweight and Robust Schemes for Protecting Privacy in Mobile WBSN

9.2.1 Related work

9.2.2 Problem formulation

9.2.2.1 Network model

9.2.2.2 Trust model and security requirement

9.2.3 Proposed schemes

9.2.3.1 One-time mask (OTM) scheme

9.2.3.1.1 Basic settings

9.2.3.1.2 Basic data structure

9.2.3.1.3 Data encryption and data upload

9.2.3.1.4 MA access

9.2.3.1.5 Security and performance analysis for OTM

9.2.3.2 One-time permutation (OTP) scheme

9.2.3.2.1 Security and performance analysis for OTP

9.2.3.3 Comparison and numerical results

9.3 A Lightweight and Robust Scheme for Privacy Protection in Participatory Sensing

9.3.1 Related work

9.3.2 Problem formulation

9.3.2.1 Network model

9.3.2.2 Attack model and design goals

9.3.3 Proposed scheme

9.3.3.1 Data trustworthiness

9.3.3.1.1 (Inf-policy-I) average

9.3.3.1.2 (Inf-policy-II) median

9.3.3.1.3 (Inf-policy-III) distance average

9.3.3.1.4 (Inf-policy-IV) time average

9.3.3.2 Reputation evaluation

9.3.3.2.1 (Eva-policy-I) threshold bias linear adjustment

9.3.3.2.2 (Eva-policy-II) exponential bias linear adjustment

9.3.3.2.3 (Eva-policy-III) exponential bias exponential adjustment

9.3.3.2.4 (Situation-I) inferred surrounding data are available

9.3.3.2.5 (Situation-II) inferred surrounding data are unavailable

9.3.3.4 Robustness enhancement

9.3.3.5 Analysis

Proposition 9.14

Proposition 9.15

Proposition 9.16

Proposition 9.17

Proposition 9.18

9.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

Bibliography

III: TRUST AND AUTHENTICATION

Chapter 10: Trust and Trust Models for the IoT

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Trust and security from a device perspective

10.1.2 Secure key storage

10.1.2.1 Hardware stores

10.1.2.2 Trusted platform modules

10.1.2.3 Software stores

10.1.3 Trust and security from a network perspective

10.2 Trust Model Concepts

10.2.1 Direct trust model

10.2.2 Web-of-trust model

10.2.3 Hierarchical trust model

10.2.3.1 Trust center infrastructures

10.2.3.2 Public key infrastructures

10.3 PKI Architecture Components

10.3.1 Certification authorities

10.3.2 Registration authorities

10.3.3 Validation authorities

10.3.4 Central directories

10.3.5 Timestamping authorities

10.3.6 Certificate revocation authorities

10.4 Public Key Certificate Formats

10.4.1 X. 509 certificates

10.4.2 Self-descriptive card verifiable certificates

10.4.3 Non-self-descriptive card verifiable certificates

10.4.4 Attribute certificates

10.5 Design Considerations for Digital Certificates

10.5.1 Device identifiers

10.5.2 Certificate validity

10.5.3 Public key cryptosystems

10.5.4 Hash functions

10.6 A Public Key Reference Infrastructure for the IoT

10.6.1 Certificate format

10.6.2 Certificate life cycle and number of device certificates

10.6.3 Combined identity and attribute certificates

10.6.4 Peer authentication protocols for the IoT

10.6.5 CA hierarchy

10.6.6 Certificate generation

10.6.7 Certificate validation

10.7 Summary

Bibliography

Chapter 11: Trustable Fellowships of Self-Organizing “Things” and Their Software Representatives: An Emerging Architecture Model for IoT Security and Privacy

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Current Technologies Limitations and Emerging Solutions for IoT

11.2.1 Naming and name resolution

11.2.2 Identifier/locator splitting

11.2.3 Resources, services, and content orchestration

11.2.4 Security, privacy, and trust

11.3 Introducing NG as an IoT Architecture

11.3.1 Naming and name resolution

11.3.2 Identifier/locator splitting

11.3.3 Resources, services, and content orchestration

11.3.4 Security, privacy, and trust

11.4 Example Scenario

Acknowledgments

Bibliography

Chapter 12: Preventing Unauthorized Access to Sensor Data

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Related Work

12.2.1 Cooperative authentication

12.2.2 Cooperation incentive

12.2.3 Conflict balancing

12.3 Preliminaries

12.4 Bargaining-Based Dynamic Game Model for Cooperative Authentication

12.4.1 Bargaining mechanism

12.4.1.1 Factors affecting price

12.4.1.3 Bargaining procedure

12.4.2 Dynamic game

12.4.2.1 Players

12.4.2.2 Strategy

12.4.2.3 Utility function

12.5 Analysis of Dynamic Game Model for Cooperative Authentication

12.5.1 Dynamic game with complete information

Theorem 12.1

Lemma 12.1

Lemma 12.2

12.5.2 Dynamic game with incomplete information

Theorem 12.2

12.6 Experimental Results

12.6.1 Location privacy leakage

12.6.2 Resource consumption

12.6.3 Network survival

12.7 Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 13: Authentication in IoT

13.1 Fundament of Authentication

13.2 Entity Authentication: Node Eviction in VANET

13.3 Message Authentication: Content Delivery in VANET

13.4 Key Management: Physiological Key Agreement in WBAN

Bibliography

IV: IOT DATA SECURITY

Chapter 14: Computational Security for the IoT and Beyond

14.1 Characterizing Complex Systems

14.1.1 Wireless networks

14.1.2 Biological networks

14.1.3 Social networks

14.1.4 Economic networks

14.1.5 Computer networks

14.2 Computational Tools for Complex Systems

14.2.1 Signal processing tools

14.2.2 Network science tools

14.2.3 Controllability and observability of networks

14.2.4 Network tomography

14.2.5 Lessons from communications engineering

14.3 Perspective Research Directions

Bibliography

Chapter 15: Privacy-Preserving Time Series Data Aggregation for Internet of Things

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Models and Design Goals

15.2.1 System model

15.2.2 Security model

15.2.3 Design goal

15.3 Preliminaries

15.3.1 Shi et al.’s privacy-preserving time series data aggregation scheme

15.3.2 Properties of group Zp2*

15.4 Proposed Time Series Data Aggregation Scheme

15.4.1 System settings

15.4.2 Data encryption at nodes

15.4.3 Data aggregation at gateway

15.4.4 Aggregated data decryption at control center

15.4.4.1 Discussion on privacy enhancement with differential privacy

15.4.4.2 Discussion on dynamic node joining and leaving

15.5 Security Analysis

15.6 Performance Evaluation

15.6.1 Computational costs

15.6.2 Communication costs

15.6.3 Utility in differential privacy enhanced version

15.7 Related Works

15.8 Summary

Bibliography

Chapter 16: A Secure Path Generation Scheme for Real-Time Green Internet of Things

16.1 Introduction

16.1.1 Data gathering of IoT

16.1.2 Key management of wireless embedded systems

16.2 Real-Time Query Processing in the Green Internet of Things

16.2.1 Real-time query processing in the green internet of things

16.2.2 Query processing in the green internet of things

16.2.2.1 Query plan in wireless sensor networks

16.2.3 Network model and problem definition

16.2.3.1 Query processing and network model

16.2.3.2 Problem definition

Problem 16.1

Problem 16.2

Problem 16.3

Theorem 16.1 NP-hardness.

16.2.4 A path generation framework

16.2.5 Properties

Lemma 16.1

Lemma 16.2

Corollary 16.1

16.2.6 Performance evaluation

16.2.7 Summary

16.3 Half-Key Key Management

16.3.1 Preliminaries

16.3.1.1 Background schemes

16.3.1.2 Motivation

16.3.2 The half-key-space predistribution scheme

16.3.2.1 Off-line phase: Key-space predistribution

16.3.2.1.1 Setting up of key-space pools

16.3.2.1.2 Key-space predistribution

16.3.2.2 Online phase: Session key establishment

16.3.3 Analysis study

16.3.3.1 Session key candidates analysis

16.3.3.2 Connectivity analysis of half-key space predistribution scheme using deployment knowledge

Lemma 16.3 [8]

Lemma 16.4 [17]

Theorem 16.2

Lemma 16.5 [17]

Lemma 16.6 [17]

Theorem 16.3

16.3.3.3 Resilience analysis of half-key space: Predistribution scheme using deployment knowledge

Lemma 16.7 [17]

Lemma 16.8

Theorem 16.4

16.3.4 Performance evaluation

16.3.5 Connectivity

16.3.5.1 Resilience against node capture

16.3.6 Summary

Bibliography

Chapter 17: Security Protocols for IoT Access Networks

17.1 Introduction to IoT

17.2 Related Works on Security Protocols

17.3 Time-Based Secure Key Generation and Renewal

17.3.1 Security access algorithms for unidirectional data transmissions

17.3.2 Security access algorithms for bidirectional data transmissions

17.4 Cognitive Security

17.5 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

V: SOCIAL AWARENESS

Chapter 18: A User-Centric Decentralised Governance Framework for Privacy and Trust in IoT

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Background and State of the Art

18.3 SocIoTal Security Framework

18.3.1 Context-driven security and privacy

18.3.2 Privacy-preserving identity management

18.3.3 Capability-based access control for IoT

18.3.3.1 Capability token

18.3.3.2 DCapBAC scenario

18.3.4 Secure group data sharing

18.3.4.1 Secure data-sharing scenario

18.4 Device-Centric Enablers for Privacy and Trust

18.4.1 Face-to-face enabler, from context to trust

18.4.1.1 From face-to-face to context

18.4.1.2 From context to trust

18.4.1.3 Related IoT service

18.4.1.4 Interfaces with authorization, trust and reputation management blocks

18.4.1.5 Initial evaluation of the F2F enabler

18.4.1.6 The F2F enabler as a tool

18.4.2 Indoor localization enabler: from context to access control

18.4.2.1 From context to access control

18.4.2.2 Related IoT service: Indoor localization

18.4.2.3 Interfaces with identity, trust and reputation management blocks

18.4.2.4 The indoor location enabler as a tool

18.4.2.5 Initial evaluation of the indoor localization enabler

18.5 Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter 19: A Policy-Based Approach for Informed Consent in Internet of Things

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Problems Defining Informed Consent in the Internet of Things

19.3 State of Art

19.3.1 Dynamic and context-aware approach

19.3.2 Semiautonomous agent

19.3.3 Reputation systems

19.3.4 Behavior modeling

19.3.5 Analysis of the EULA

19.4 Overview of the System

19.4.1 Policy-based framework

19.4.2 Enforcement

19.4.3 Application of the SecKit framework to internet of things for informed consent

19.5 Conclusion and Future Developments

19.5.1 Information, training, and motivation of the user

19.5.2 Facilitating definition of rules and policy implementation

19.6 Acknowledgment

Bibliography

Chapter 20: Security and Impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on Mobile Networks

20.1 Security Threats against IoT Embedded Devices and Systems

20.2 IoT Security Impacts against Mobile Networks

20.2.1 LTE network operation

20.2.2 Control plane signaling storms

20.2.3 Industry and security standardization work around M2M communications

20.2.4 IoT security research

20.3 Scalability of Large Deployments of Cellular IoT Systems

20.3.1 New network enhancements for mobile IoT systems

Bibliography

Index

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