Safety of New and Existing Research Reactor Facilities in Relation to External Events 1st edition by International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 920102617X  ‎ 978-9201026170

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 920102617X
ISBN 13: ‎ 978-9201026170
Author:  International Atomic Energy Agency 

This publication provides information and a framework for Member States to conduct realistic safety evaluation for research reactors in terms of external events. The publication provides information with examples on the use of a graded approach, based on the radiological hazard that a facility poses to the environment, public and workers, and takes into account the lessons from the Fukushima accident. This publication supports the development of site specific guidelines for the actual design and safety assessment, and should be used in conjunction with the relevant IAEA Safety Standards. It can also be used as training material for research reactor staff and for a self-assessment of the vulnerability of existing structures to external events.

Safety of New and Existing Research Reactor Facilities in Relation to External Events 1st Table of contents:

Preface

• Introduction to the Topic of Reactor Safety
• Purpose and Scope of the Book
• Key Terminology and Concepts
• Overview of Research Reactor Facilities and Their Importance
• Structure of the Book and How to Use It

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Part I: Introduction to Research Reactor Safety

1. Overview of Research Reactor Facilities

   • What Are Research Reactors?
   • Types of Research Reactors and Their Applications
   • Historical Development of Research Reactors
   • Safety Importance in Research Reactor Operations
   • Key Safety Objectives and Regulatory Standards

2. Understanding External Events and Their Impacts

   • Definition and Classification of External Events
   • Natural Hazards: Earthquakes, Floods, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, etc.
   • Human-made Hazards: Terrorism, Industrial Accidents, Aircraft Crashes
   • Environmental Factors: Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise
   • Unanticipated External Events and Their Safety Implications

3. Risk Assessment and Safety Analysis Methods

   • Introduction to Risk Assessment Techniques
   • Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA)
   • Deterministic Safety Analysis
   • Combined Safety Analysis Approaches for External Events
   • Safety Margins and the Concept of Robustness in Design

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Part II: Safety of Existing Research Reactor Facilities

4. Safety Features and Design of Existing Research Reactors

   • Safety Systems in Older Reactor Designs
   • Passive and Active Safety Features
   • Modifications and Upgrades for Existing Facilities
   • Safety in Operational Phases: Startup, Shutdown, and Steady-State Operation
   • Case Studies of Existing Research Reactor Safety

5. External Events Impact on Existing Research Reactors

   • Earthquake and Tsunami Considerations for Existing Reactors
   • Extreme Weather Events and Flooding Risks
   • External Fire Hazards and Reactor Safety
   • Radiological Protection in the Event of External Accidents
   • Review of Historical Incidents Involving External Events

6. Regulatory Framework and Safety Standards for Existing Reactors

   • International Safety Standards: IAEA, NRC, and Others
   • National and Local Regulatory Bodies
   • Safety Assessments for Existing Reactors
   • Licensing and Safety Evaluation Procedures
   • Addressing Vulnerabilities and Safety Enhancements

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Part III: Safety of New Research Reactor Facilities

7. Design Considerations for New Research Reactors

   • Safety by Design: Incorporating Robustness Against External Events
   • Modern Reactor Designs and Safety Features
   • Advances in Passive Safety Systems
   • Design for Extreme External Conditions: Earthquakes, Flooding, and More
   • Innovations in Reactor Safety Design

8. External Events Considerations in New Reactor Construction

   • Site Selection: Assessing Vulnerability to External Events
   • Earthquake and Seismic Considerations for New Reactors
   • Climate Change Projections and Impact on New Reactor Sites
   • Multi-Hazard Assessment in Reactor Site Evaluation
   • Lessons Learned from Previous External Events

9. Regulatory Framework and Safety Standards for New Reactors

   • The Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
   • New Reactor Licensing Process and External Event Considerations
   • Regulatory Compliance for New Reactors in Different Regions
   • Safety Assessment Tools for New Reactor Designs
   • International Collaboration and Standardization

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Part IV: Emergency Preparedness and Response

10. Emergency Preparedness for External Events

• Principles of Emergency Response in Reactor Safety
• Preparedness for Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Floods, and Hurricanes
• Human-made Events: Preparedness for Accidents and Security Threats
• Multi-Agency Coordination in Emergency Response
• Emergency Plans and Drills: Best Practices

11. Mitigation of Impact from External Events

• Post-Event Safety and Recovery Procedures
• Mitigation of Radiological Release During External Events
• Role of Emergency Cooling Systems and Containment Structures
• Long-Term Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup
• Case Studies: Emergency Response in Research Reactor Incidents

12. Communication and Public Safety in Reactor Emergencies

• Effective Communication During Reactor Emergencies
• Public Safety Measures and Evacuation Procedures
• Role of the Media and Public Relations in Crisis Management
• Addressing Public Perception and Trust in Reactor Safety
• International Collaboration in Global Reactor Safety

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Part V: Future Directions in Reactor Safety

13. Emerging Technologies for Reactor Safety Enhancement

• Next-Generation Reactors: Safety Innovations and Lessons Learned
• Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Reactor Safety
• Remote Monitoring and Real-Time Safety Assessment
• New Materials and Safety Systems for Enhanced Protection
• The Role of Automation in Emergency Response

14. Global Collaboration and Regulatory Harmonization

• The Importance of Global Cooperation in Reactor Safety
• International Safety Research and Development Programs
• Harmonization of Safety Standards and Regulatory Frameworks
• Cross-Border Collaboration in Disaster Management
• Building a Global Safety Culture for Nuclear Facilities

15. Conclusions and Recommendations for the Future

• Key Findings on the Impact of External Events on Reactor Safety
• Recommendations for Improving Safety in Existing and New Reactors
• The Future of Research Reactor Safety and Technological Advancements
• Long-Term Strategy for Enhancing Reactor Safety Worldwide
• Final Thoughts on Protecting Public Health and the Environment

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References

• Academic Papers, Reports, and Resources for Further Reading

Index

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