Section 1: The Body and Its Constituents
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Organisation of the Body
- Levels of Structural Complexity
- Survival Needs of the Body
- Introduction to Anatomy
- Organisation of the Body
- Introduction to Ageing
- Introduction to the Study of Illness
- References and Further Reading
- Review and Revise
Chapter 2: Physiological Chemistry and Processes
- Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds
- Important Biological Molecules
- The Internal Environment and Homeostasis
- Body Fluids
- Review and Revise
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
- The Cell: Structure and Functions
- Tissues
- Changes in Cell Size and Number
- Neoplasms or Tumours
- Review and Revise
Section 2: Communication
Chapter 4: The Blood
- Plasma
- Cellular Content of Blood
- Erythrocyte Disorders
- Leukocyte Disorders
- Haemorrhagic Diseases
- Review and Revise
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System
- Blood Vessels
- Heart
- Blood Pressure
- Pulse
- Circulation of the Blood
- Fetal Circulation
- Effects of Ageing on the Cardiovascular System
- Shock
- Thrombosis and Embolism
- Blood Vessel Pathology
- Oedema
- Diseases of the Heart
- Disorders of Blood Pressure
- References and Further Reading
- Review and Revise
Chapter 6: The Lymphatic System
- Lymph and Lymph Vessels
- Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
- Lymph Vessel Pathology
- Diseases of Lymph Nodes
- Disorders of the Spleen
- Diseases of the Thymus Gland
- Review and Revise
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
- Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Effects of Ageing on the Nervous System
- Disorders of the Brain
- Infections of the Central Nervous System
- Demyelinating Diseases
- Diseases of the Spinal Cord
- Diseases of Peripheral Nerves
- Developmental Abnormalities of the Nervous System
- Tumours of the Nervous System
- Review and Revise
Chapter 8: The Special Senses
- Hearing and the Ear
- Balance and the Ear
- Sight and the Eye
- Sense of Smell
- Sense of Taste
- Effects of Ageing on the Special Senses
- Disorders of the Ear
- Disorders of the Eye
- Refractive Errors of the Eye
- Review and Revise
Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
- Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Glands
- Adrenal Glands
- Pancreatic Islets
- Pineal Gland
- Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
- Local Hormones
- Effects of Ageing on the Endocrine System
- Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
- Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
- Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands
- Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
- Disorders of the Adrenal Medulla
- Disorders of the Pancreatic Islets
- References and Further Reading
- Review and Revise
Section 3: Intake of Raw Materials and Elimination of Waste
Chapter 10: The Respiratory System
- Nose and Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Respiration
- Effects of Ageing on the Respiratory System
- Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract
- Obstructive Lung Disorders
- Restrictive Disorders
- Lung Infections
- Lung Tumours
- Lung Collapse
- Review and Revise
Chapter 11: Introduction to Nutrition
- The Balanced Diet
- Nutrients
- Non-Starch Polysaccharide
- Ageing and Nutrition
- Disorders of Nutrition
- Conditions with Dietary Implications
- References and Further Reading
- Review and Revise
Chapter 12: The Digestive System
- Organs of the Digestive System
- Basic Structure of the Alimentary Canal
- Mouth
- Salivary Glands
- Pharynx
- Oesophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anal Canal
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Biliary Tract
- Summary of Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients
- Metabolism
- Effects of Ageing on the Digestive System
- Diseases of the Mouth
- Diseases of the Pharynx
- Diseases of Salivary Glands
- Diseases of the Oesophagus
- Diseases of the Stomach
- Diseases of the Intestines
- Diseases of the Pancreas
- Diseases of the Liver
- Diseases of the Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts
- Review and Revise
Chapter 13: The Urinary System
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
- Micturition
- Effects of Ageing on the Urinary System
- Diseases of the Kidneys
- Diseases of the Renal Pelvis, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra
- Review and Revise
Section 4: Protection and Survival
Chapter 14: The Skin
- Structure and Functions of the Skin
- Wound Healing
- Effects of Ageing on the Skin
- Disorders of the Skin
- Review and Revise
Chapter 15: Resistance and Immunity
- Non-Specific Defence Mechanisms
- Immunity
- Ageing and Immunity
- Abnormal Immune Function
- Review and Revise
Chapter 16: The Musculoskeletal System
- Bone
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
- Joints
- Skeletal Muscle
- Effects of Ageing on the Musculoskeletal System
- Diseases of Bone
- Disorders of Joints
- Diseases of Muscle
- Review and Revise
Chapter 17: Introduction to Genetics
- Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
- Protein Synthesis
- Cell Division
- The Genetic Basis of Inheritance
- Ageing and Genetics
- Genetic Basis of Disease
- Review and Revise
Chapter 18: The Reproductive Systems
- Female Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
- Human Development
- Effects of Ageing on the Reproductive Systems
- Infections of the Reproductive Tract
- Diseases of the Female Reproductive System
- Diseases of the Male Reproductive System
- Review and Revise
Answers to Self-Assessment Questions
Glossary
Normal Values
Bibliography
Index
IBC
