Real-Time Tracking of Multiple Skin-Colored Objects with a Possibly Moving Camera 1st edition by Antonis A. Argyros, Manolis I. A. Lourakis – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery. 3540219828, 978-3540219828
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ISBN 10: 3540219828
ISBN 13: 978-3540219828
Author: Antonis A. Argyros, Manolis I. A. Lourakis
This paper presents a method for tracking multiple skin-colored objects in images acquired by a possibly moving camera. The proposed method encompasses a collection of techniques that enable the modeling and detection of skin-colored objects as well as their temporal association in image sequences. Skin-colored objects are detected with a Bayesian classifier which is bootstrapped with a small set of training data. Then, an off-line iterative training procedure is employed to refine the classifier using additional training images. On-line adaptation of skin-color probabilities is used to enable the classifier to cope with illumination changes. Tracking over time is realized through a novel technique which can handle multiple skin-colored objects. Such objects may move in complex trajectories and occlude each other in the field of view of a possibly moving camera. Moreover, the number of tracked objects may vary in time. A prototype implementation of the developed system operates on 320×240 live video in real time (28Hz) on a conventional Pentium 4 processor. Representative experimental results from the application of this prototype to image sequences are also provided.
Real-Time Tracking of Multiple Skin-Colored Objects with a Possibly Moving Camera 1st Table of contents:
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Introduction
- 1.1 Motivation for Tracking Skin-Colored Objects
- 1.2 Challenges in Real-Time Object Tracking
- 1.3 The Impact of Camera Motion on Tracking Accuracy
- 1.4 Contributions of the Paper
- 1.5 Structure of the Paper
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Related Work
- 2.1 Skin Color Segmentation Techniques
- 2.2 Object Tracking in Static Environments
- 2.3 Tracking Under Moving or Dynamic Cameras
- 2.4 Real-Time Object Tracking Approaches
- 2.5 Limitations of Existing Methods and Gaps in the Literature
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Problem Definition
- 3.1 Skin-Colored Object Tracking: A Formulation
- 3.2 Assumptions and Constraints
- 3.3 Overview of Tracking Challenges in a Moving Camera Setup
- 3.4 Real-Time Requirements for Tracking Systems
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Skin Color Modeling and Segmentation
- 4.1 Color Spaces for Skin Detection (RGB, YCbCr, HSV)
- 4.2 Statistical Models for Skin Color
- 4.3 Adaptive Thresholding for Real-Time Segmentation
- 4.4 Handling Lighting Variations and Shadows
- 4.5 Skin Color Detection in Diverse Environmental Conditions
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Real-Time Object Tracking Framework
- 5.1 Overview of the Tracking Approach
- 5.2 Feature Extraction for Object Localization
- 5.3 Motion Models for Skin-Colored Objects
- 5.4 Handling Occlusions and Multiple Objects
- 5.5 Integration of Object Detection and Tracking Modules
- 5.6 Real-Time Performance Considerations
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Dealing with Camera Motion
- 6.1 Types of Camera Motion (Translation, Rotation, Zoom)
- 6.2 Visual Odometry for Camera Motion Estimation
- 6.3 Compensating for Camera Motion in Object Tracking
- 6.4 Robustness of the Tracking Algorithm Under Camera Movement
- 6.5 Techniques for Stabilizing Tracking in Dynamic Environments
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Algorithm Design and Optimization
- 7.1 Tracking Algorithm for Skin-Colored Objects
- 7.2 Use of Kalman Filters and Particle Filters for Object Prediction
- 7.3 Multi-Object Tracking and Association
- 7.4 Optimization for Real-Time Processing: Parallelization and Hardware Acceleration
- 7.5 Error Handling and Model Updates
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Experimental Setup
- 8.1 Datasets and Test Scenarios for Evaluation
- 8.2 Performance Metrics for Tracking Accuracy (e.g., Intersection-over-Union, Precision, Recall)
- 8.3 Hardware and Software Platforms Used
- 8.4 Setup for Moving Camera Simulations
- 8.5 Ground Truth and Annotations for Evaluation
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Results and Discussion
- 9.1 Quantitative Results: Performance on Static vs. Moving Cameras
- 9.2 Qualitative Results: Visual Comparisons of Tracking Accuracy
- 9.3 Real-Time Processing: Latency and Frame Rate Analysis
- 9.4 Robustness to Environmental Changes (Lighting, Occlusions)
- 9.5 Comparison with Existing Tracking Methods
- 9.6 Analysis of Tracking Multiple Skin-Colored Objects Simultaneously
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Applications of the Proposed Method
- 10.1 Surveillance and Security Systems
- 10.2 Human-Computer Interaction and Gesture Recognition
- 10.3 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
- 10.4 Autonomous Vehicles and Robotics
- 10.5 Assistive Technologies for People with Disabilities
- Challenges and Future Directions
- 11.1 Handling Complex Backgrounds and Cluttered Environments
- 11.2 Improving Tracking Accuracy with Noisy or Low-Resolution Data
- 11.3 Real-Time Tracking for High-Speed Objects
- 11.4 Integrating Deep Learning for Better Skin Detection
- 11.5 Expanding to Non-Skin Colored Object Tracking
- 11.6 Scalability and Generalization to Different Camera Setups
- Conclusion
- 12.1 Summary of Key Findings
- 12.2 Contributions to Real-Time Tracking with Moving Cameras
- 12.3 Limitations and Areas for Future Research
- 12.4 Closing Remarks
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