Psychomythics: Sources of Artifacts and Misconceptions in Scientific Psychology 1st edition by William Uttal ISBN 0805845846 9780805845846

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Product details:

ISBN 10:       0805845846
ISBN 13: 978-0805845846
Author:         William R. Uttal

Psychomythics: Sources of Artifacts and Misconceptions in Scientific Psychology 1st Table of contents:

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and Goals
1.2 A Proposed Taxonomy
1.3 Some Definitions

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2. Endogenous and Exogenous Causal Forces in Perception
2.1 On Misinterpretations of Perceptual Transformations
2.2 A Brief History

• 2.2.1 The Classic Arguments—Whence Come the Universals
• 2.2.2 The Foundations of the Modern Controversy
• 2.2.3 Modern Direct Empiricisms
  2.3 Some Modern Rationalisms
  2.4 Summary and an Interim Conclusion

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3. Inevitable Natural Laws and Superpowerful Mathematics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Zipf’s Law

• 3.2.1 Precursors of Zipf’s Law
• 3.2.2 Successors to Zipf’s Law
• 3.2.3 Toward an Explanation of Zipf’s Law
  3.3 1/f Noise
• 3.3.1 1/f Distributions in Psychology and Biology
• 3.3.2 Explanations of 1/f Distributions
  3.4 Fourier Analysis
  3.5 Curve Fitting as Prototype Theory
  3.6 Dynamical Systems Theory
• 3.6.1 Introduction
• 3.6.2 Chaos and Self-Organization
• 3.6.3 Self-Organization
• 3.6.4 Some Potential Problems with DST
  3.7 Summary and an Interim Conclusion

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4. Measurement, Counting, Magical Graphs, and Some Statistical Curiosities
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Measurement

• 4.2.1 On Psychophysical Measurement
• 4.2.2 Michell’s Critique of Quantification in Psychology
• 4.2.3 Shifting Standards
  4.3 Statistical Analysis
• 4.3.1 Yule’s Admonition—”Correlation Does Not Imply Causation”
• 4.3.2 Nickerson on Significance Testing
• 4.3.3 Roberts and Pashler on Goodness of Fit
• 4.3.4 Sample Size and the Law of Large Numbers
• 4.3.5 The Normality Assumption
• 4.3.6 Some Other Statistical Problems
  4.4 Magical Graphs
  4.5 Summary and an Interim Conclusion

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5. Erroneous Assumptions and Conceptual Errors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The False Assumptions of Analyzability and Accessibility
5.3 Reducibility
5.4 Classic Scientific Assumptions that may not Serve Psychology Well

• 5.4.1 The Principle of Parsimony
• 5.4.2 The Analytic “Méthode”
• 5.4.3 Pachella’s Analysis of False Cognitive Assumptions
• 5.4.4 Equating Analogy with Homology
• 5.4.5 Equating Necessity with Sufficiency
• 5.4.6 Some Prevalent Misassumptions Concerning the Physical and Cognitive Worlds
• 5.4.7 Some Questionable Assumptions About Measurement and Statistics
  5.5 Summary and an Interim Conclusion

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6. Final Conclusions and Summaries
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Prejudgments and a Priori Assumptions
6.3 Physicophilia
6.4 Experimenter Intervention and the Psychological Uncertainty Principle
6.5 Experiments as Examples of Adaptive Control
6.6 Social and Financial Pressures
6.7 The Vagueness of Our Language
6.8 Overestimating and Underestimating the Power of Mathematics
6.9 Small Science—Low Standards of Proof
6.10 Extreme Dichotomies Versus Eclectic Compromise
6.11 Inaccessibility, Irreducibility, Nonanalyzability, Neutrality, and the Need for a Behavioral Scientific Psychology

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