Platelet Rich Plasma in Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine 1st edition by Eduardo Anitua,Ramón Cugat,Mikel Sánchez 9783319637303 3319637304

CHAPTER 1 Platelets at the Interface between Inflammation and Tissue Repair

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PLATELETS AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROTEINS AND METABOLITES

3. OTHER PLATELET CHANGES ON ACTIVATION

4. PLATELETS AND WOUND HEALING

5. PLATELETS AND INFLAMMATION

A) Inflammatory proteins

B) Antimicrobial proteins

C) Sepsis

6. INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

A) CD40L

B) TREM-like transcript-1

C) High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein

7. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 2 Characterization of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF): components and formulations

SUMMARY

1. POTENTIAL OF PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACTORS (PRGF-ENDORET): MIMICKING THE NATURAL HEALING PROCESS

2. UNDERSTANDING THE PROPERTIES OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA PRODUCTS

3. PRGF-ENDORET: A PIONEERING TECHNOLOGY

4. PRGF-ENDORET TECHNOLOGY: A VERSATILE TOOLBOX WITH MULTIPLE FORMULATIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 3 Repair and regeneration: connecting the dots among coagulation, immune system, and fibroge

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BIOLOGICAL DEFENCE SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE DOTS AMONG COAGULATION, IMMUNE SYSTEM, AND FIBROGENESIS

3. HARNESSING THE MORPHOGENETIC POTENTIAL OF AUTOLOGOUS PLATELETS – AND PLASMA DERIVED PRODUCTS (A

4. SOME CLARITY IN THE APPLICATION OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA

A. Neutrophils as engines of life-saving destruction

B. Fibrogenesis: a double-edged sword

C. APPDPs are not magic products

5. PLEIOTROPY AND ROBUSTNESS OF MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PRP THERAPIES

6. CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 4 Effects of Plasma rich in growth factors on cells and tissues of musculoskeletal system: f

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BLOOD-DERIVED BIOLOGICAL DRUG DELIVERY THERAPIES

3. MECHANICS RULES CELL BIOLOGY

4. EFFECTS OF BLOOD-DERIVED BDDT ON MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS

Articular cartilage

Tendon tissue

Muscle and Nerve tissues

5. FUTURE DIRECTIONS

BOXES

BOX 1

Biopharmaceutical considerations about biological drug delivery therapies

BOX 2

Harnessing endogenous repair process of joint tissues

BOX 3

Adaptation, infl ammation, and homeostatic process in tendon.

BOX 4

Blood-derived BDDT application on muscle and nerve pathologies

Bibliography

CHAPTER 5 Molecular intervention with plasma-rich growth factors to enhance muscle perfusion and tis

SUMMARY

1. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2. TREATMENT WITH GROWTH FACTORS FOR RECOVERY OF ISCHEMIC TISSUES

3. NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE ISCHEMIC MUSCLE: IS PLATELET-RICH PLASMA AN ALTERNATIVE OPTION?

3.1 Platelet-rich plasma

3.2 Application of PRP in ischemic peripheral disease

3.3 Application of PRP in ischemic heart disease

4. PLATELET-RICH FACTORS AND STEM CELLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC DISEASES

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Bibliography

CHAPTER 6 Endoret® (PRGF®) application in the oral and maxillofacial field

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. USE OF ENDORET® (PRGF®) IN THE TREATMENT OF EXTRACTION SOCKET

Therapeutic potential of Endoret (PRGF) in the treatment of extraction socket: Experimental studies

Therapeutic potential of Endoret (PRGF) in the management of extraction socket: Preparation of futur

Therapeutic potential of Endoret® (PRGF®) in the treatment of extraction socket: Split-mouth clini

Therapeutic potential of Endoret (PRGF) in the treatment of extraction socket: assessor-blinded para

3. THE USE OF ENDORET® (PRGF®) IN MAXILLARY SINUS FLOOR AUGMENTATION

Lateral sinus floor elevation with Endoret® (PRGF®)

Clinical outcomes of the use of Endoret® (PRGF®) in sinus floor elevation: A split-mouth clinical

Use of Endoret (PRGF) in the management of temperomandibular joint osteoarthritis and TMJ chronic pa

4. ENDORET® (PRGF®) IN MEDICALLY COMPROMIZED PATIENTS

Hematological diseases and coagulopathies

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

5. PREVENETION AND TREATMENT OF MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW

Bisphosphonates

Why Endoret® (PRGF®)?

6. ENDORET® (PRGF®) IN THE PREVENTION OF BRONJ

Treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by Endoret® (PRGF®)

Prevention and treatment of osteoradionecrosis

CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 7 The scientific rationale to apply plasma rich in growth factors in joint tissue pathologie

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. JOINT TISSUE RESPONSES TO MECHANICAL STIMULI: HOMEOSTASIS, ADAPTATION, AND INFLAMMATION

2.1.Joint homeostasis and mechanical stress

2.2. Synovial membrane and subchondral bone in cartilage homeostasis and inflammation

2.3. Joint Inflammation and Mesenchymal stem cells

2.4. The role of SB in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis

3. PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACTORS (PRGF) AS AN EFFECTIVE AND SAFE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO TREAT SYNOV

3.1 Inflammation and oxidative stress

3.2 OA and Pain

3.3 Trophic and anabolic effects

4. CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 8 A new approach to treat joint injuries: Combination of intra-articular and intraosseous in

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE ROLE OF SUBCHONDRAL BONE (SB) IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS

2.1 The subchondral bone-articular cartilage functional unit

2.2. SB turnover and structural changes in OA

2.3. Cellular interactions and molecular crosstalk in osteochondral unit in OA

2.4. Subchondral bone as a tissue target in OA treatment

3. INTRAOSSEOUS INFILTRATIONS OF PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACTORS

4. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 9 Knee Osteoarthritis: One versus two cycles of PRGF infiltrations treatment

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Bibliography

CHAPTER 10 PRGF on sports-related ligament injuries

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. KNEE

ANATOMY AND FUNCTION

INJURIES

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

3. ANKLE

ANATOMY AND FUNCTION

INJURIES

Deltoid ligament

Anterior Talofibular ligament

4. REHABILITATION/RETURN TO SPORT

INJURIES IN EARLY AGE POPULATION – DEVELOPMENT IN ADVANCED AGE

Bibliography

CHAPTER 11 Tendinopathy and its treatment: The rationale and pitfalls in the clinical application of

SUMMARY

1. TENDINOPATHY

2. TRADITIONAL TENDINOPATHY TREATMENT

3. PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) TREATMENT OF TENDINOPATHY

Platelets

Plasma

Leukocytes

Fibrinogen

4. CLINICAL STUDIES ON PRP

5. IN VITRO STUDIES OF PRP

Tendon cell proliferation

TSC differentiation into tenocytes

Anabolic and catabolic effects of PRP

Anti-inflammatory effects of PRP

Combining PRP with other approaches

6. IN VIVO STUDIES OF PRP

7. FACTORS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PRP CONTROVERSY

8. PRP-RELATED FACTORS

PRP composition

Platelet concentration

Activation of PRP

9. PATIENT-ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Patient’s age

Patient’s gender

Post-treatment recovery

Robustness of clinical trials

Changing the PRP treatment approach

10. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

CHAPTER 12 Infiltrations of PRGF to treat ligament and tendon injuries in the hip and pelvis

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. DECISION-MAKING

3. PREPARATION AND APPLICATION TECHNIQUES

4. NON-OPERATIVE APPLICATIONS

Hamstring tendinopathy

Adductor tendinopathy/athletc pubalgia

Gluteus medius tendinopathy

Sartorius avulsion

SURGICAL APPLICATIONS

Adjuvant therapy for tendon repair

CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 13 A novel and versatile adjuvant biologic therapy in the management of neuropathies

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY AND REPAIR

3. PLASMA RICH PLASMA: AN INJECTABLE SCAFFOLD TO ASSIST IN NERVE REPAIR

4. THE SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE BEHIND THE USE OF PRPS TO ASSIST PNI REPAIR

Neuroprotection and prevention of cell apoptosis

Stimulation of angiogenesis

Enhancing axonal outgrowth capacity

Overcoming the inflammatory microenvironment

Dampening the denervated target muscle atrophy

The improvement of neurologic parameters in humans

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Bibliography

CHAPTER 14 PRGF molecular intervention: a bridge from spontaneity to muscle repair

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TISSUE-BASED PHENOMENA IN SKELETAL MUSCLE INJURY AND REPAIR

3. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING MUSCLE REPAIR AND REGENERATION

4. AN INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF MUSCLE INJURIES: PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACT

5. PRGF PROTOCOL USED IN MUSCLE INJURIES

5.1. The process to produce PRGF

5.2. Injured area preparation

5.3. Muscle injury site infiltration procedure

5.4. Post-infiltration protocol

Bibliography

CHAPTER 15 Minimally invasive PRGF treatment for low back pain and degenerative disc disease

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SPINAL ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY: INTERVERTEBRAL DISC AND FACET JOINT

3. PRGF TREATMENT TO REDUCE LOW BACK PAIN

4. NEW INTRADISCAL PLUS INTRAARTICULAR FACET JOINT PRGF TECHNIQUE

5. RESULTS

Intradiscal and facet joint PRGF infiltrations:pain evaluation using VAS outcome

Intradiscal PRGF therapy: Case Report using imaging technique MRI results.

6. DISCUSSION

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

CHAPTER 16 Education and standardization of Orthobiologics: Past, present & future

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. HYALURONIC ACID

3. PLATELET RICH PLASMA

4. BONE MARROW CONCENTRATE

5. ADIPOSE DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (AMSCS)

6. FUTURE GENERATIONS

7. FUTURE DIRECTIONS