Planning Guide for Power Distribution Plants 1st edition by Hartmut Kiank, Wolfgang Fruth 3895786659 9783895786655

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎3895786659 

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 9783895786655

Author :  Hartmut Kiank, Wolfgang Fruth 

When planning an industrial power supply plant, the specific requirements of the individual production process are decisive for the design and mode of operation of the network and for the selection and design and ratings of the operational equipment. Since the actual technical risks are often hidden in the profound and complex planning task, planning decisions should be taken after responsible and careful consideration because of their deep effects on supply quality and energy efficiency.
This book is intended for engineers and technicians of the energy industry, industrial companies and planning departments. It provides basic technical network and plant knowledge on planning, installation and operation of reliable and economic industrial networks. In addition, it facilitates training for students and graduates in this field.
In an easy and comprehensible way, this book informs about solution competency gained in many years of experience. Moreover, it also offers planning recommendations and knowledge on standards and specifications, the use of which ensures that technical risks are avoided and that production and industrial processes can be carried out efficiently, reliably and with the highest quality.

Planning Guide for Power Distribution Plants 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction
1.1 Special aspects of industrial power systems
1.2 Need for complete power system and installation engineering solutions
1.3 Task of system planning
2 Basic workflow for planning
2.1 Top-down principle
2.2 Determining the state of the existing system
2.3 Determining the requirements
2.3.1 Power demand
2.3.2 Quality of supply
2.3.2.1 Supply reliability
2.3.2.2 Voltage quality
2.4 Determining of process-compliant power supply variants
2.5 Search for the optimum solution
2.5.1 Decision objectives
2.5.2 Decision-making method
B Planning recommendations for medium-voltage systems
3 Choosing the MV system voltage
3.1 Incoming supply level
3.2 Distribution level
4 Determining short-circuit stress and the necessary short-circuit withstand capability
4.1 Choosing the short-circuit power
4.2 Short-circuit withstand capability of the equipment
4.2.1 MV switchgear
4.2.2 MV cables
4.2.3 MV distribution transformers
5 Defining optimum system configurations for industrial power supplies
5.1 MV load structure in the metal-processing industry
5.2 Best MV/LV incoming supply variant in terms of power system engineering
5.3 Optimum system configuration for connecting transformer load-centre substations
5.4 System structures and concepts meeting the requirements for industrial plants
5.4.1 Small industrial plants
5.4.2 Medium-sized industrial plants
5.4.3 Large industrial plants
5.4.4 Production facilities of high-technology businesses
5.5 Switchgear classification for implementing the MV power system concepts
6 Choosing the neutral earthing
6.1 Importance of neutral earthing
6.2 Methods of neutral earthing
6.3 Selection criterion and decision aid
6.4 Selection recommendation for operation of MV cable networks in industry
6.5 Neutral earthing on both sides of transfer transformers in operation of MV industrial power syst
7 Design of the MV power system protection
7.1 Fundamentals of protection engineering and equipment
7.2 Protection of supplying 110-kV/MV transformers
7.3 Protection of MV distribution transformers
7.3.1 Protection with a switch-fuse combination
7.3.2 Protection with a circuit-breaker-relay combination
7.4 Current-limiting short-circuit protection of motors and capacitors
7.4.1 Fuse protection of HV motors
7.4.2 Fuse protection of capacitors
7.5 Protection of busbars
7.6 Protection of lines
7.6.1 Protection in the case of double-radial-line connection of system distribution substations
7.6.2 Protection in the case of loop-in of system distribution substations
7.7 Protection concept for a fictitious 20-kV industrial power system with low-impedance neutral ear
C Planning recommendations for low-voltage systems
8 Choosing the LV system voltage
8.1 Categorization of the LV level as the process and load level
8.2 Voltages for the process and load level
9 Short-circuit power and currents in the low-voltage power system
9.1 Types and currents of faults determining the dimensioning of the system and equipment
9.2 Use of equipment reserves to handle short-circuit currents
10 Designing a low-voltage power system to meet requirements
10.1 Analysis of the load structure
10.1.1 Characteristic load groups in the metal-processing industry
10.1.1.1 Toolmaking and mechanical workshops
10.1.1.2 Punch and press shops
10.1.1.3 Welding shops
10.1.1.4 Painting and curing plants
10.1.1.5 Lighting systems
10.1.1.6 EDP and IT systems
10.2 Choosing the type of LV system earthing
10.2.1 System types possible according to the standards
10.2.1.1 IT system
10.2.1.2 TT system
10.2.1.3 TN system
10.2.2 EMC-compliant TN systems with multiple incoming supply
10.2.2.1 TN-EMC system with centralized multiple incoming supply
10.2.2.2 TN-EMC system with decentralized multiple incoming supply
10.3 Definition of the network configuration
10.3.1 Network configurations for power supply and distribution
10.3.1.1 Simple radial network
10.3.1.2 Radial network with switchover reserve capacity
10.3.1.3 Radial networks in an interconnected cable system
10.3.1.4 Multi-end-fed meshed network
10.3.1.5 Radial networks interconnected through busbar trunking systems
10.3.2 Selecting the economically and technically most favourable network configuration
11 Selecting and dimensioning the electrical equipment
11.1 Distribution transformers
11.2 Low-voltage switchboards and distribution board systems
11.2.1 SIVACON S8 switchboard
11.2.2 ALPHA 630 floor-mounted distribution board
11.2.3 ALPHA 8HP moulded-plastic distribution board
11.2.4 SIVACON 8PS busbar trunking system
11.2.5 Transformer load-centre substation with SIVACON S8/8PS
11.3 Cables
11.3.1 Permissible current-carrying capacity
11.3.2 Protection against overload
11.3.3 Protection against short circuit
11.3.4 Protection against electric shock
11.3.5 Permissible voltage drop
11.3.6 Dimensioning example
12 Reactive-power compensation
12.1 Technical and economic reasons for compensation
12.2 Compensation when supplying linear loads
12.2.1 Determining the necessary capacitive power
12.2.2 Types of reactive-power compensation
12.2.2.1 Individual compensation
12.2.2.2 Group compensation
12.2.2.3 Centralized compensation
12.2.2.4 Hybrid or mixed compensation
12.2.3 Choosing the most advantageous type of compensation
12.2.4 Reactive-power compensation of three-phase asynchronous motors and distribution transformers
12.2.4.1 Three-phase asynchronous motors
12.2.4.2 Distribution transformers
12.2.5 Connecting and operating automatic compensation systems
12.2.5.1 Selecting a current transformer for the PF controller
12.2.5.2 Defining the number of steps and the step power
12.2.5.3 Setting the controller sensitivity (C / k response value)
12.2.5.4 Requirements, connection and fuse protection of the power capacitors
12.2.5.5 Reactions affecting audio-frequency ripple control systems
12.3 Compensation when supplying non-linear loads
12.3.1 Negative effects of harmonics on the power system
12.3.2 Measures to mitigate harmonics
12.3.2.1 Installation of capacitor units with reactors
12.3.2.2 Use of tuned filter circuits
12.3.2.3 Operation with active filters
12.4 Planning of compensation systems with products from Modl
12.5 Demonstration of the economic and technical benefit of reactive-power compensation
13 Designing the LV power system protection
13.1 Fundamentals of protection engineering and equipment
13.1.1 Fuses
13.1.2 Circuit-breakers
13.1.3 Switchgear assemblies
13.1.4 Comparative evaluation of the characteristics of protective devices
13.2 Selectivity in LV networks
13.2.1 Radial networks
13.2.1.1 Selectivity between LV HRC fuses
13.2.1.2 Selectivity between circuit-breakers
13.2.1.3 Selectivity between a circuit-breaker and LV HRC fuse
13.2.1.4 Selectivity in case of incoming feeders connected in parallel
13.2.1.5 Selectivity and undervoltage protection
13.2.2 Meshed and closed ring-operated networks
13.2.2.1 Selectivity in meshed networks with node fuses
13.2.2.2 Selectivity in operation of radial networks in an interconnected cable system
13.2.2.3 Selectivity in operation of radial networks interconnected through busbar trunking systems
13.3 Example of selective protection coordination with SIMARIS® design
14.1 Acronyms and abbreviations
14.2 Symbols
14.2.1 Currents
14.2.2 Voltages
14.2.3 Resistances
14.2.4 Powers and energy
14.2.5 Time / duration
14.2.6 Factors
14.2.7 Other quantities
14.3 Subscripts and superscripts

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