Pathology of Opportunistic Infections An Illustrative Atlas 1st edition by Ramesh Gupta, Pallav Gupta ISBN 9811016682 978-9811016684

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ISBN 10: 9811016682
ISBN 13: 978-9811016684
Author: Ramesh Gupta, Pallav Gupta 

This book presents the morphological details of various opportunistic pathogens for prompt identification, which is essential for the proper management of various bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections encountered in immunocompromised patients.

Over the past few decades, certain therapeutic advances –such as organ transplantation, prolonged use of steroids and other immunosuppressants for various diseases and chemo-radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant tumors– have, in addition to improving patient survival, also contributed to significant aberrations in the patients’ host defense mechanisms. Further, due to compromised host resistance, certain clinical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and major organ-related problems like chronic renal failure, chronic liver and chronic lung diseases etc., make these patients potentially vulnerable to a variety of opportunistic infections.

The challenges posed by the opportunistic pathogens are enormous. Early clinical suspicion, prompt morphological identification and timely management are essential so as to prevent high morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. These pathogens often go unnoticed due to a lack of familiarity with their morphological appearances in the context of histopathological and/or cytological evaluation.

Pathology of Opportunistic Infections An Illustrative Atlas 1st Table of contents:

1. Preface

   • Introduction to Opportunistic Infections
   • Importance of Pathology in Diagnosing Opportunistic Infections
   • How to Use This Atlas

2. Chapter 1: Introduction to Opportunistic Infections

   • Definition and Overview of Opportunistic Infections
   • Immunocompromised States and Susceptibility to Infections
   • Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Infection Pathogenesis
   • Role of Pathology in Diagnosing and Managing Opportunistic Infections
   • Examining the Clinical Relevance of Opportunistic Infections in HIV/AIDS, Cancer, and Organ Transplant Patients

3. Chapter 2: Fungal Infections

   • Candida Infections:
     • Pathology of Oral, Esophageal, and Systemic Candida Infections
     • Microscopic Features and Histopathology
     • Illustrative Images and Case Studies
   • Aspergillosis:
     • Pulmonary and Systemic Forms of Aspergillosis
     • Pathological Findings and Imaging Features
     • Clinical Implications and Diagnosis
   • Cryptococcosis:
     • Pathology of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Pulmonary Cryptococcosis
     • Diagnostic Challenges and Histopathological Features
   • Histoplasmosis:
     • Systemic Histoplasmosis in Immunocompromised Hosts
     • Microscopic Analysis and Case Illustrations

4. Chapter 3: Bacterial Infections

   • Mycobacterium Tuberculosis:
     • Pathology of Tuberculosis in Immunocompromised Patients
     • Granulomatous Inflammation and Imaging Features
     • Histopathological Findings in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
   • Nocardia Infections:
     • Pulmonary and Systemic Nocardiosis
     • Microscopic Features and Clinical Pathology
   • Listeriosis:
     • Pathology of Listeria Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts
     • Histological Analysis of Central Nervous System Involvement

5. Chapter 4: Parasitic Infections

   • Toxoplasmosis:
     • Pathology of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in HIV/AIDS
     • Histopathological Features of Toxoplasmosis in Immunosuppressed Patients
     • Illustrations of Brain Lesions and Diagnosis
   • Leishmaniasis:
     • Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Immunocompromised Individuals
     • Pathological Features and Diagnostic Imaging
   • Strongyloidiasis:
     • Hyperinfection Syndrome and Systemic Involvement
     • Histopathological Findings and Case Illustrations

6. Chapter 5: Viral Infections

   • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections:
     • Pathology of CMV in Various Organ Systems (Lung, Retina, GI Tract)
     • Histopathological Diagnosis and Clinical Significance
   • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections:
     • Pathology of HSV in Immunocompromised Patients
     • Histopathological Findings in Mucocutaneous and Systemic Infections
   • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infections:
     • Pathology of EBV-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders
     • EBV in HIV/AIDS and Organ Transplant Patients
   • Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) Infections:
     • Pathology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma in HIV/AIDS Patients
     • Histological Features of HHV-8-Related Tumors

7. Chapter 6: Opportunistic Infections of the Respiratory System

   • Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Infections in the Lungs
   • Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia:
     • Pathology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in HIV/AIDS Patients
     • Microscopic Features and Clinical Management
   • Tuberculosis and Nocardiosis:
     • Pulmonary Involvement in Immunocompromised Patients
     • Radiologic and Histopathologic Correlation
   • Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis:
     • Pathology of CMV Lung Infections and Diagnostic Challenges

8. Chapter 7: Gastrointestinal Pathology in Opportunistic Infections

   • Candidiasis and Esophageal Infections:
     • Histopathological Features of Gastrointestinal Candidiasis
   • Cryptosporidiosis and Microsporidiosis:
     • Pathology of Gastrointestinal Involvement in Immunocompromised Hosts
   • CMV Colitis:
     • Cytomegalovirus Involvement in the Gastrointestinal Tract
   • Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC):
     • Pathology of MAC in the Gastrointestinal Tract of HIV/AIDS Patients

9. Chapter 8: Central Nervous System Infections

   • Toxoplasmic Encephalitis:
     • Neuropathological Features and Clinical Manifestations
   • Cryptococcal Meningitis:
     • Pathology of Fungal Infections in the CNS of Immunocompromised Patients
   • Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis:
     • Histopathological Changes in the Brain
   • Cytomegalovirus Meningoencephalitis:
     • Pathological Insights into CMV CNS Infections

10. Chapter 9: Ocular Pathology in Opportunistic Infections

    • Cytomegalovirus Retinitis:
      • Pathology of Retinal Involvement in Immunocompromised Individuals
    • Toxoplasmic Chorioretinitis:
      • Histopathological Findings and Diagnosis in HIV/AIDS Patients
    • Fungal Eye Infections:
      • Pathology of Fungal Involvement in the Eye

11. Chapter 10: Pathology of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

    • Herpes Simplex Virus Infections:
      • Histopathological Features of Cutaneous Involvement
    • Kaposi’s Sarcoma:
      • Pathology of Skin Lesions in HIV/AIDS Patients
    • Fungal Infections (Candida, Aspergillus):
      • Cutaneous and Systemic Fungal Pathology in Immunocompromised Hosts

12. Chapter 11: Diagnostic Tools and Techniques in Opportunistic Infections

    • Laboratory Techniques in Diagnosing Opportunistic Infections
    • Role of Histopathology, Culture, and Molecular Diagnostics
    • Advances in Imaging and Molecular Pathology
    • Case Studies and Illustrations of Diagnostic Challenges

13. Chapter 12: Prevention and Management of Opportunistic Infections

    • Role of Antimicrobial Therapy and Antifungal Treatment
    • Vaccination and Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised Patients
    • Case-Based Discussion of Treatment Protocols and Outcomes

14. Conclusion

    • Key Insights into the Pathology of Opportunistic Infections
    • Future Directions in Pathology and Infectious Disease Research

15. Appendices

    • Glossary of Terms
    • Index
    • Recommended Reading and Resources

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