Park Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners 7th Edition by Myung Park, Mehrdad Salamat ISBN 9780323681094 0323681093

Part 1. Basic Tools in Routine Evaluation of Cardiac Patients

Introduction

1. History Taking

Gestational and Natal History

Postnatal History

Family History

2. Physical Examination

Growth Pattern

Inspection

Palpation

Blood Pressure Measurement

Auscultation

Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of Neonates

3. Electrocardiography

What is the Vectorial Approach?

Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms

Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values

Atrial Hypertrophy

Ventricular Hypertrophy

Ventricular Conduction Disturbances

St-Segment and T-Wave Changes

4. Chest Radiography

Heart Size and Silhouette

Evaluation of The Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries

Pulmonary Vascular Markings

Systematic Approach

Part 2. Special Tools in Evaluation of Cardiac Patients

Introduction

5. Noninvasive Imaging Tools

Echocardiography

M-Mode Echocardiography

Doppler Echocardiography

Color-Flow Mapping

Contrast Echocardiography

Other Echocardiographic Techniques

Radiologic Techniques: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography

6. Other Noninvasive Investigation Tools

Stress Testing

Alternative Stress Testing Protocols

Long-Term Ecg Recording

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

7. Invasive Procedures

Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography

Catheter Intervention Procedures

Part 3. Pathophysiology

Introduction

8. Fetal and Perinatal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Changes in Circulation After Birth

Premature Newborns

9. Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Endocardial Cushion Defect

10. Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitant Lesions

Obstruction to Ventricular Output

Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves

Valvular Regurgitant Lesions

11. Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects

Clinical Cyanosis

Common Cyanotic Heart Defects

Part 4. Specific Congenital Heart Defects

Introduction

12. Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates

Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect

Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

13. Obstructive Lesions

Pulmonary Stenosis

Aortic Stenosis

Coarctation of the Aorta

Interrupted Aortic Arch

14. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects

Neonatal Pulse Oximetry Screen

Traditional Tools in Differentiation of Central Cyanosis

Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect)

Tetralogy of Fallot With Absent Pulmonary Valve

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Tricuspid Atresia

Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Ebstein’s Anomaly

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Single Ventricle

Double-Outlet Right Ventricle

Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes)

Asplenia Syndrome

Polysplenia Syndrome

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

15. Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions

Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Alcapa Syndrome)

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect

Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary

Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary

Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic

Atrial Septal Aneurysm

Cervical Aortic Arch

Cleft Mitral Valve

Common Atrium (or Single Atrium)

Cor Triatriatum

Double-Chambered Right Ventricle

Ectopia Cordis

Hemitruncus Arteriosus

Idiopathic Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery

Kartagener Syndrome

Parachute Mitral Ovale

Patent Foramen Ovale

Pericardial Defect, Congenital

Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta

Pulmonary Artery Stenosis

Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Scimitar Syndrome

Systemic Venous Anomalies

16. Vascular Ring

Prevalence

Pathology

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Management

Variants of Aortic Arch Branching

17. Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition

Chamber Localization

Dextrocardia and Mesocardia

Part 5. Acquired Heart Disease

Introduction

18. Primary Myocardial Disease

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Infants of Mothers With Diabetes

Other Rare Forms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Endocardial Fibroelastosis

Pathology

Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy

Prognosis

Carnitine Deficiency

Barth Syndrome

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy

19. Cardiovascular Infections

Infective Endocarditis

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

Constrictive Pericarditis

Kawasaki’s Disease

Lyme Carditis

Postpericardiotomy Syndrome

20. Acute Rheumatic Fever

Prevalence

Cause

Pathology

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Clinical Course

Management

Prognosis

Prevention

21. Valvular Heart Disease

Mitral Stenosis

Mitral Regurgitation

Aortic Regurgitation

Mitral Valve Prolapse

22. Cardiac Tumors

Prevalence

Pathology

23. Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Digeorge Syndrome

Friedreich Ataxia

Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired

Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired

Marfan Syndrome

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Muscular Dystrophy

Myotonic Dystrophy

Noonan Syndrome

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Sickle Cell Anemia

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Turner Syndrome

Williams Syndrome

Part 6. Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances

Introduction

24. Cardiac Arrhythmias

Tachycardia Versus Bradycardia

Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node

Rhythms Originating in the Atrium

Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node

Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle

25. Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction

First-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block)

Atrioventricular Dissociation

26. Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators in Children

Electrocardiograms of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers

Pacemaker Therapy in Children

Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator Therapy

Part 7. Special Problems

Introduction

27. Congestive Heart Failure

Causes

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Management

Surgical Management

28. Systemic Hypertension

Definition

Which normative blood pressure standards?

What about other means of blood pressure measurement?

Management of Essential Hypertension

29. Pulmonary Hypertension

Definition

Causes

Physiology of the Pulmonary Circulation

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension

Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension

Pathophysiology

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Natural History

Management

30. The Child with Chest Pain

Cause and Prevalence

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnostic Approach

Management

31. Syncope

Prevalence

Definition

Causes

Noncardiac Causes of Syncope

Cardiac Causes of Syncope

Evaluation of a Child With Syncope

Treatment

Differential Diagnosis

32. Palpitation

Definition

Evaluation

Management

33. Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Review Of Lipid Biochemistry

Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia

Classification of Dyslipidemia

Management of Hypercholesterolemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

Low High-Density Lipoprotein Level

Elevated Triglyceride and Low High-Density Lipoprotein

34. Pediatric Preventive Cardiology

Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

35. Athletes with Cardiac Problems

Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes

Preparticipation Screening

Classification of Sports

Eligibility Determination of Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases

Athletes with Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances

Athletes with Systemic Hypertension

36. Cardiac Transplantation

Indications

Selection of the Recipient

Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor

Informed Consent From the Family and Recipient

Operative Technique

Posttransplant Management

Overview of Immunosuppressive Therapy

Early Posttransplantation Follow-Up

Physiology of the Transplanted Heart

Prognosis

Appendices

Appendix A. Miscellaneous

Appendix B. Blood Pressure Values

Appendix C. Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Appendix D. Normal Echocardiographic Values

Appendix E. Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology

Suggested Readings

Index