Oral Anatomy Histology and Embryology 5th Edition by Barry Berkovitz, Holland, Bernard Moxham ISBN 9780702074530 0702074535

1 The appearance of the oral cavity

Lips

Oral vestibule

Gingiva

Cheeks

Palate

Floor of the mouth

Tongue

Clinical considerations

2 Dento-osseous structures

Jaws

Maxilla

Maxillary alveolus

Mandible

Tooth morphology

Dental notation

Differences between teeth of the deciduous and permanent dentitions

Incisors

Canines

Premolars

Molars

Some aspects of dental anthropology

Pulp morphology

Incisors

Canines

Premolars

Molars

Shape of the pulp chamber in deciduous teeth

Alignment and occlusion of the permanent teeth

Anatomical alignment of teeth

Anatomical occlusion of teeth

Mandibular posture

Radiographic appearance of jaws and teeth

Extraoral radiographic projections of jaws and teeth

Intraoral radiographic projections of jaws and teeth

Clinical considerations

3 Regional topography of the mouth and related areas

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Muscles of mastication

Muscles of the soft palate

Muscles of the tongue

Muscles in the floor of the mouth

Superficial muscles of the face

Salivary glands

Infratemporal fossa

Pterygopalatine fossa

Tissue spaces around the jaws

Other tissue spaces around the mouth

Clinical aspects

Clinical aspects of the muscles of mastication

4 Vasculature and innervation of the mouth

Blood supply to orodental tissues

Venous drainage of orodental tissues

Lymphatic drainage of orodental tissues

Innervation of orodental tissues

Secretomotor innervation of the salivary glands

Trigeminal nerve (maxillary and mandibular divisions)

Clinical considerations of the innervation of the mouth

5 Sectional anatomy of the oral cavity and related areas

6 Functional anatomy

Mastication

Swallowing

Speech

The role of the tongue in the perception of taste and in thermoreception

7 Enamel

General introduction to the dental tissues

Introduction to enamel

Enamel prisms

Incremental lines

Surface enamel

Enamel–dentine junction

Microporosity of enamel

Age changes in enamel

Cementum–enamel junction

Clinical considerations

Further reading

8 Investing organic layers on enamel surfaces

Introduction

Investing layers associated with the crowns of unerupted teeth

Investing layers associated with the crowns of erupted teeth

Clinical considerations

Further reading

9 Dentine

Introduction

Physical properties

Chemical properties

Dentine tubules

Regional variations in dentine structure and composition

Structural lines in dentine

Age-related and posteruptive changes

Clinical considerations

Further reading

10 Dental pulp

Introduction

Organisation

Composition

Blood vessels of the dental pulp

Nerves of the dental pulp

Regions

Role of the dental pulp

Age-related changes in the dental pulp

Clinical considerations

Further reading

11 Cementum

Introduction

Physical properties

Chemical properties

Classification of cementum

Classification based on the nature and origin of the organic matrix

Attachment of the periodontal ligament fibres to cementum

Cementum–dentine junction

Ultrastructural appearance of cementum

Resorption and repair of cementum

Clinical considerations

Further reading

12 Periodontal ligament

Introduction

Fibres

Ground substance

Cells

Cell kinetics

Blood vessels and nerves

The periodontal ligament as a specialised connective tissue

Tooth support mechanism

Clinical considerations

Further reading

13 Alveolar bone

Introduction

Classification of bone

Gross morphology of bone

Chemical properties of bone

Organic matrix

Histology of bone

Cell types in bone

Cell kinetics

Resorption and formation of bone during remodelling

Microdamage in bone

Scanning electron microscope appearances of the alveolar bone surface

Sharpey’s fibres

Structural lines in bone

Clinical considerations

Further reading

14 Oral mucosa

Epithelium

Cytokeratins (CK)

Factors controlling oral epithelial phenotype

Nonkeratinocytes

Lamina propria

Epithelial–connective tissue interface

Regional variations in the structure of the oral mucosa

Clinical considerations

Further reading

15 Temporomandibular joint

Articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint

Intra-articular disc

Synovial membrane

Synovial fluid

Condyle of the child

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis

Clinical considerations

Further reading

16 Salivary glands

Introduction

Composition of saliva

Methods of salivary secretion

Parotid gland

Duct system

Submandibular gland

Minor salivary glands

Sialomicroliths

Oncocytes

Age changes

Clinical considerations

Further reading

17 Development of the face

Facial development

Clinical considerations

Further reading

18 Development of the palate

General development of palate

Palatal shelf elevation

Fusion of the palatal shelves

Clinical considerations

Further reading

19 Development of the jaws

Introduction

The mandible

The maxilla

Clinical considerations

Further reading

20 Development of the tongue and salivary glands

Development of the tongue

Development of the salivary glands

Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions

Clinical considerations

Further reading

21 Early tooth development

Bud stage

Cap stage

Early bell stage

Late bell stage

Transitory structures

Nerve fibres

Blood supply

Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during tooth development

Clinical considerations

Further reading

22 Amelogenesis

Life cycle of the ameloblast

Mineralisation

Summary of development of the prismatic structure

Incremental line formation

Molecular elements of ameloblast differentiation

Gene transcription

Membrane receptors

Intracellular receptors

Clinical considerations

Further reading

23 Dentinogenesis

Differentiation of the odontoblasts

Deposition of dentine matrix

Mineralisation of dentine

Formation of root dentine

Clinical considerations

Further reading

24 Development of the dental pulp

Early development of the dental pulp

The dental pulp at dentinogenesis

Stem cells

Neurovascular development

Further reading

25 Development of the root and periodontal ligament

Introduction

Root extension rates

Epithelial root sheath and tissue morphogenesis

Formation of collagen fibres within the periodontal ligament

Development of the cells of the periodontal ligament

Development of the neurovascular elements

Cementogenesis

Alveolar bone development

Comparison of alveolar bone and cementum

Experimental studies relating to root development

Clinical considerations

Further reading

26 Development of the dentitions

Introduction

Tooth eruption

Mechanisms of tooth eruption

Development of the dentition and occlusion

Mesial drift

Clinical considerations

Further reading

27 Ageing and archaeological and dental anthropological applications of tooth structure

Age changes in enamel

Age changes in dentine

Age changes in dental pulp

Age changes in cementum

Age changes in the periodontal ligament

Age changes in alveolar bone

Age changes in oral mucosa

Age changes in salivary glands

Ageing isolated human teeth

Archaeological/dental anthropological implications of tooth structure

Clinical considerations of age changes

Further reading

Further reading

Index