Modernity and Malaysia Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads 1st Edition by Alberto Gomes ISBN 9781134100767 1134100760
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Authors:Alberto Gomes , Series:Social Sciences [14] , Tags:Social Science; Ethnic Studies; General; Developing & Emerging Countries; Regional Studies; Interdisciplinary Studies , Author sort:Gomes, Alberto , Ids:Google; 9781134100767 , Languages:Languages:eng , Published:Published:May 2007 , Publisher:Routledge , Comments:Comments:Bringing together over thirty years of detailed ethnographic research on the Menraq of Malaysia, this fascinating book analyzes and documents the experience of development and modernization in tribal communities. Descendents of hunter-gatherers who have inhabited Southeast Asia for about 40,000 years, the Menraq (also known as Semang or Negritos) were nomadic foragers until they were resettled in a Malaysian government-mandated settlement in 1972. Modernity and Malaysia begins with the ‘Jeli Incident’ in which several Menraq were alleged to have killed three Malays, members of the dominant ethnic group in the country. Alberto Gomes links this uncharacteristic violence to Menraq experiences of Malaysian-style modernity that have left them displaced, depressed, discontented, and disillusioned. Tracing the transformation of the lives of Menraq resulting from resettlement, development, and various ‘civilizing projects’, this book examines how the encounter with modernity has led the subsistence-oriented, relatively autonomous Menraq into a life of dependence on the state and the market. Challenging conventional social scientific understanding of concepts such as modernity and marginalization, and providing empirical material for comparison with the experience of modernity for indigenous peoples around the world, Modernity and Malaysia is a valuable resource for students and scholars of anthropology, development studies and indigenous studies, as well as those with a more general interest in asian studies.
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ISBN 10: 1134100760
ISBN 13: 9781134100767
Author: Alberto Gomes
Modernity and Malaysia Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads 1st Edition Table of contents:
1 Introduction
The Jeli incident
Tribal communities in the modern world
The violence of modernity
Modernizing Rual
Field research
Chapter outline
2 Social and cultural milieu
‘Layer cake versus marble cake’: ethnic classification
The question of identity: who are the Orang Asli?
Who are the Menraq?
The ‘Semang’ social pattern
Egalitarianism, personal autonomy, and headmanship
‘We people’ versus ‘strangers’: interpersonal relations
Gender relations
Spatialized consciousness
Deities, shamans, and the supernatural realm: Menraq religion
Conclusion
3 Modernity, development, and tribal communities
Modernity
Development
Malaysian modernity
Agricultural modernization
Modernity and tribal communities
Development for the Orang Asli, then and now
Summary
4 Rual Resettlement
States and sedentarization
Orang Asli resettlement
The Rual Resettlement
Settlement pattern and spatial organization
Rual demography
Social and political re-organization
Plans for the future
Summary
5 Menraq as foragers
Opportunistic foragers
Gathering
Hunting
Fishing
Forest collecting and trading
Wage labour
Swidden farming
Generalized reciprocity
Summary
6 From foragers to commodity producers
Resettlement economy: a tool of development
Rubber and oil palm cultivation
Animal husbandry and fish farming
Greening’ the village
Ecological changes
Dependent economy
Commodity production, commoditization, and market dependence
Commoditization and the practice of sharing
Privatization of ownership
Social differentiation
Gender inequality
Summary
7 Social and cultural change
Education
Cultural modification
Islamization
Displacement and spatial re-ordering
Health, nutrition and disease
Electronic media invasion
Summary
8 Conclusion
The Menraq
Modernity
Modernization
Marginality
Mobilization
The Jeli incident revisited
Glossary
Notes
1 Introduction
2 Social and cultural milieu
3 Modernity, development, and tribal communities
4 Rual Resettlement
5 Menraq as foragers
6 From foragers to commodity producers
7 Social and cultural change
8 Conclusion
Bibliography
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