Introduction to Public Health 5th Edition by Mary Jane Schneider 1284089231 9781284089233

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ISBN 10: 1284089231

ISBN 13: 9781284089233

Author: Mary-Jane Schneider

A thorough, accessible overview of the expanding field of public health for students new to its concepts and actors. Written in engaging, nontechnical language, this best-selling text explains in clear terms the multi-disciplinary strategies and methods used for measuring, assessing, and promoting public health.

Introduction to Public Health 5th Table of contents:

Part I: What Is Public Health?

1 Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

What Is Public Health?

Public Health Versus Medical Care

The Sciences of Public Health

Prevention and Intervention

Public Health and Terrorism

Conclusion

References

2 Why Is Public Health Controversial?

Economic Impact

Individual Liberty

Moral and Religious Opposition

Political Interference with Science

Conclusion

References

3 Powers and Responsibilities of Government

Federal Versus State Authority

How the Law Works

How Public Health Is Organized and Paid for in the United States

Nongovernmental Role in Public Health

Conclusion

References

Part II: Analytical Methods of Public Health

4 Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health

How Epidemiology Works

A Typical Epidemiologic Investigation—Outbreak of Hepatitis

Legionnaires’ Disease

Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

Epidemiology and the Causes of Chronic Disease

Heart Disease

Lung Cancer

Conclusion

References

5 Epidemiologic Principles and Methods

Kinds of Epidemiologic Studies

Conclusion

References

6 Problems and Limits of Epidemiology

Problems with Studying Humans

Sources of Error

Proving Cause and Effect

Epidemiologic Studies of Hormone Replacement Therapy—Confusing Results

Ethics in Epidemiology

Conflicts of Interest in Drug Trials

Conclusion

References

7 Statistics: Making Sense of Uncertainty

The Uncertainty of Science

Probability

The Statistics of Screening Tests

Rates and Other Calculated Statistics

Risk Assessment and Risk Perception

Cost–Benefit Analysis and Other Evaluation Methods

Conclusion

References

8 The Role of Data in Public Health

Vital Statistics

The Census

NCHS Surveys and Other Sources of Health Data

Is So Much Data Really Necessary?

Accuracy and Availability of Data

Confidentiality of Data

Conclusion

References

Part III: Biomedical Basis of Public Health

9 The “Conquest” of Infectious Diseases

Infectious Agents

Means of Transmission

Chain of Infection

Rabies

Smallpox, Measles, and Polio

Fear of Vaccines

Conclusion

References

10 The Resurgence of Infectious Diseases

The Biomedical Basis of AIDS

Ebola

Other Emerging Viruses

Influenza

New Bacterial Threats

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB)

Prions

Public Health Response to Emerging Infections

Public Health and the Threat of Bioterrorism

Conclusion

References

11 The Biomedical Basis of Chronic Diseases

Cardiovascular Disease

Cancer

Diabetes

Other Chronic Diseases

Conclusion

References

12 Genetic Diseases and Other Inborn Errors

Environmental Teratogens

Genetic Diseases

Genetic and Newborn Screening Programs

Genomic Medicine

Ethical Issues and Genetic Diseases

Conclusion

References

Part IV: Social and Behavioral Factors in Health

13 Do People Choose Their Own Health?

Education

Regulation

Does Prohibition Work?

Conclusion

References

14 How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior

Health of Minority Populations

Stress and Social Support

Psychological Models of Health Behavior

Ecological Model of Health Behavior

Health Promotion Programs

Changing the Environment

Conclusion

References

15 Public Health Enemy Number One: Tobacco

Biomedical Basis of Smoking’s Harmful Effects

Historical Trends in Smoking and Health

Regulatory Restrictions on Smoking—New Focus on Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Advertising—Emphasis on Youth

Taxes as a Public Health Measure

California’s Tobacco Control Program

The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)

FDA Regulation

Electronic Cigarettes

Conclusion

References

16 Public Health Enemy Number Two and Growing: Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity

Epidemiology of Obesity

Diet and Nutrition

Promoting Healthy Eating

Physical Activity and Health

How Much Exercise Is Enough, and How Much Do People Get?

Promoting Physical Activity

Confronting the Obesity Epidemic

Conclusion

References

17 Injuries Are Not Accidents

Epidemiology of Injuries

Analyzing Injuries

Motor Vehicle Injuries

Pedestrians, Motorcyclists, and Bicyclists

Poisoning

Firearms Injuries

Occupational Injuries

Injury from Domestic Violence

Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injuries

Tertiary Prevention

Conclusion

References

18 Maternal and Child Health as a Social Problem

Maternal and Infant Mortality

Infant Mortality—Health Problem or Social Problem?

Preventing Infant Mortality

Family Planning and Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy

Nutrition of Women and Children

Children’s Health and Safety

Conclusion

References

19 Mental Health: Public Health Includes Healthy Minds

Major Categories of Mental Disorders

Anxiety

Psychosis

Disturbances of Mood

Disturbances of Cognition

Epidemiology

Causes and Prevention

Children

Eating Disorders

Mental Health in Adulthood

Mental Health in Older Adults

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Part V: Environmental Issues in Public Health

20 A Clean Environment: The Basis of Public Health

Role of Government in Environmental Health

Identification of Hazards

Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals

Occupational Exposures—Workers as Guinea Pigs

New Source of Pollution—Factory Farms

Setting Standards—How Safe Is Safe?

Risk–Benefit Analysis

Conclusion

References

21 Clean Air: Is It Safe to Breathe?

Criteria Air Pollutants

Strategies for Meeting Standards

Indoor Air Quality

Global Effects of Air Pollution

Conclusion

References

22 Clean Water: A Limited Resource

Clean Water Act

Safe Drinking Water

Dilemmas in Compliance

Is the Water Supply Running Out?

Conclusion

References

23 Solid and Hazardous Wastes: What to Do with the Garbage?

Sanitary Landfills

Alternatives to Landfills

Hazardous Wastes

Coal Ash

Conclusion

References

24 Safe Food and Drugs: An Ongoing Regulatory Battle

Causes of Foodborne Illness

Government Action to Prevent Foodborne Disease

Additives and Contaminants

Drugs and Cosmetics

Food and Drug Labeling and Advertising

Politics of the FDA

Conclusion

References

25 Population: The Ultimate Environmental Health Issue

Public Health and Population Growth

Global Impact of Population Growth—Depletion of Resources

Global Impact of Population Growth—Climate Change

Dire Predictions and Fragile Hope

Conclusion

References

Part VI: Medical Care and Public Health

26 Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?

When Medical Care Is a Public Health Responsibility

The Conflict Between Public Health and the Medical Profession

Licensing and Regulation

Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Care

Ethical Issues in Medical Resource Allocation

Conclusion

References

27 Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform

Problems with Access

Why Do Costs Keep Rising?

Approaches to Controlling Medical Costs

Managed Care and Beyond

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Rationing

Conclusion

References

28 Health Services Research: Finding What Works

Reasons for Practice Variations

The Field of Dreams Effect

Outcomes Research

Quality

Medical Care Report Cards

Inequities in Medical Care

The Relative Importance of Medical Care for Public Health

Conclusion

References

29 Public Health and the Aging Population

The Aging of the Population—Trends

Health Status of the Older Population

General Approaches to Maximizing Health in Old Age

Preventing Disease and Disability in Old Age

Medical Costs of the Elderly

Proposals for Rationing

Conclusion

References

Part VII: The Future of Public Health

30 Emergency Preparedness, Post-9/11

Types of Disasters and Public Health Responses

New York’s Response to the World Trade Center Attacks

Response to Hurricane Katrina

Principles of Emergency Planning and Preparedness

Bioterrorism Preparedness

Pandemic Flu

Conclusion

References

31 Public Health in the Twenty-First Century: Achievements and Challenges

Challenges for the 21st Century

Strategic Planning for Public Health

Dashed Hopes for the Integration of Public Health and Medical Practice

Information Technology

The Challenge of Biotechnology

The Ultimate Challenge to Public Health in the Twenty-First Century

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