Forest Management and Planning 1st Edition by Pete Bettinger, Kevin Boston, Jacek Siry, Donald Grebner 0123743044 9780123743046

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ISBN 10: 0123743044

ISBN 13: 9780123743046

Author: Pete Bettinger; Kevin Boston; Jacek P. Siry; Donald L. Grebner

Forest Management and Planning 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Management of Forests and Other Natural Resources

I. Management of Forests and Other Natural Resources

II. Challenges Related to the Management of Forests

III. Planning for the Management of Natural Resources

IV. Characterizing Decision-Making Processes

A. The View from the Management Sciences

B. A Broad View on Planning within Natural Resource Management Organizations

C. A Hierarchy of Planning within Natural Resource Management Organizations

D. Community or Cooperative Planning of Forests

E. Adaptive Management and Planning of Forests

V. Challenges Related to Forest Planning

VI. Information Movement within a Typical Natural Resources Management Organization

VII. Summary

References

Chapter 2: Valuing and Characterizing Forest Conditions

I. The Need to Evaluate Resources for Natural Resource Planning

II. Structural Evaluation of Natural Resources

A. Trees per Unit Area

B. Average Diameter of Trees

C. Diameter Distribution of Trees

D. Basal Area

E. Quadratic Mean Diameter of Trees

F. Average Height

G. Timber Volume

H. Mean Annual Increment, Periodic Annual Increment

I. Snags

J. Down Woody Debris

K. Crown or Canopy Cover

L. Age

M. Biomass and Carbon

N. Pine Straw

O. Other Nontimber Forest Products

P. Site Quality

Q. Stocking and Density

III. Economic Evaluation of Natural Reasouces

A. Basic Concepts: Present and Future Values

B. Net Present Value

C. Internal Rate of Return

D. Benefit/Cost Ratio

E. Equal Annual Equivalent

F. Soil Expectation Value

G. Other Mixed-Method Economic Assessments

H. Selecting Discount Rates

I. Forest Taxation

IV. Environmental and Social Evaluation of Natural Resources

A. Habitat Suitability

B. Recreation Values

C. Water Resources

D. Stream Habitat Values

E. Air Quality

F. Employment and Income

V. Summary

References

Chapter 3: Geographic Information and Land Classification in Support of Forest Planning

I. Geographic Information Systems

A. Geographic Data Collection Processes

B. Geographic Data Structures

C. Geographic Data Used in This Book

D. Geographic Information Processes

II. Land Classification

A. Strata-based Land Classifications

B. Land Classification Based on Units of Land

C. Land Classification Based on Spatial Position

III. Summary

References

Chapter 4: Estimation and Projection of Stand and Forest Conditions

I. The Growth of Forests

A. Growth of Even-Aged Stands

B. Growth of Uneven-Aged Stands

C. Growth of Two-Aged Stands

D. Growth Transition through Time

II. Projecting Stand Conditions

A. Growth and Yield Tables

B. Growth and Yield Simulators

C. Brief Summary of Some Growth and Yield Simulators

III. Output from Growth and Yield Models

IV. Model Evaluation

V. Summary

References

Chapter 5: Optimization of Tree- and Stand-Level Objectives

I. Optimization

II. Tree-level Optimization

III. Stand-level Optimization

A. Optimum Timber Rotation

B. Optimum Thinning Timing

C. Optimum Stand Density or Stocking

IV. Mathematical Models for Optimizing Stand-level Management Regimes

V. Dynamic Programming

A. Recursive Relationships

B. Caveats of Dynamic Programming

C. Disadvantages of Dynamic Programming

D. Dynamic Programming Example-An Evening Out

E. Dynamic Programming Example-Western Stand Thinning, Fixed Rotation Length

F. Dynamic Programming Example-Southern Stand Thinning, Varying Rotation Lengths

VI. Summary

References

Chapter 6: Graphical Solution Techniques for Two-Variable Linear Problems

I. Translating Forestry and Natural Resource Problems from Word Problems into Mathematical Relations

II. Example Problems in Natural Resource Management

A. A Road Construction Plan

B. A Plan for Developing Snags to Enhance Wildlife Habitat

C. A Plan for Fish Habitat Development

D. A Hurricane Clean-up Plan

III. Optimality, Feasibility, and Efficiency

IV. Summary

Chapter 7: Linear Programming

I. Introduction

II. Four Assumptions Inherent in Standard Linear Programming Models

A. The Assumption of Proportionality

B. The Assumption of Additivity

C. The Assumption of Divisibility

D. The Assumption of Certainty

III. Objective Functions for Linear Programming Problems

IV. Accounting Rows for Linear Programming Problems

A. Accounting Rows Related to Land Areas Scheduled for Treatment

B. Wood Flow-Related Accounting Rows

C. Habitat-Related Accounting Rows

V. Constraints for Linear Programming Problems

A. Resource Constraints

B. Policy Constraints

VI. Detached Coefficient Matrix

VII. Model I, II, and III Linear Programming Problems

VIII. Interpretation of Results Generated from Linear Programming Problems

A. Objective Function Value, Variable Values, and Reduced Costs

B. Slack and Duel Prices

IX. Assessing Alternative Management Scenarios

X. Case Study: Western Forest

XI. Summary

References

Chapter 8: Advanced Planning Techniques

I. Extensions to Linear Programming

A. Mixed Integer Programming

B. Integer Programming

C. Goal Programming

II. Binary Search

III. Heuristic Methods

A. Monte Carlo Simulation

B. Simulated Annealing

C. Threshold Accepting

D. Tabu Search

E. Genetic Algorithms

F. Other Heuristics

IV. Forest Planning Software

A. Spectrum

B. Habplan

C. Magis

D. Woodstock/Stanley

V. Summary

References

Chapter 9: Forest and Natural Resource Sustainability

I. Sustainability of Forests and Other Natural Resources

II. Sustainability of Production

III. Sustainability of Multiple Uses

IV. Sustainability of Ecosystems and Social Values

V. Incorporating Measures of Sustainability into Forest Plans

VI. Sustainability beyond the Immediate Forest

VII. Summary

References

Chapter 10: Models of Desired Forest Structure

I. The Normal Forest

II. The Regulated Forest

III. Irregular Forest Structures

IV. Structures Guided by a Historical Range of Variability

V. Structures Not Easily Classified

VI. Summary

Chapter 11: Control Techniques for Commodity Production and Wildlife Objectives

I. Controlling the Area Scheduled

II. Controlling the Volume Scheduled

A. The Hanzlik Formula for Volume Control

B. The Von Mantel Formula for Volume Control

C. The Austrian Formula for Volume Control

D. The Hundeshagen Formula for Volume Control

E. The Meyer Amortization Method for Volume Control

F. The Heyer Method for Volume Control

G. Structural Methods for Volume Control

III. Application of Area and Volume Control to the Putnam Tract

A. Area Control

B. Volume Control-Hanzlik Formula

C. Volume Control-Von Mantel Formula

D. Volume Control-Austrian Formula

E. Volume Control-Hundeshagen Formula

F. Volume Control-Meyer Formula

IV. Area-Volume Check

V. Wildlife Habitat Control

VI. The Allowable Cut Effect

VII. Summary

References

Chapter 12: Spatial Restrictions and Considerations in Forest Planning

I. Adjacency and Green-up Rules as They Relate to Clearcut Harvesting

II. Adjacency and Green-up of Group-Selection Patch Harvests

III. Habitat Quality Considerations

A. Case 1: Elk Habitat Quality

B. Case 2: Bird Species Habitat Considerations

C. Case 3: Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat Considerations

D. Case 4: Spotted Owl Habitat Quality

IV. Road and Trail Maintenance and Construction

A. Case 1: Road Management Problem

B. Case 2: Trail Development Problem

V. Summary

References

Chapter 13: Hierarchical System for Planning and Scheduling Management Activities

I. Strategic Planning

II. Tactical Planning

III. Operational Planning

IV. Vertical Integration of Planning Processes

V. Blended, Combined, and Adaptive Approaches

VI. Your Involvement in Forest Planning Processes

VII. Summary

References

Chapter 14: Forest Supply Chain Management

I. Components of a Forestry Supply Chain

II. Association with the Hierarchy of Forest Planning

III. Mathematical Formulations Associated with Forestry Supply Chain Components

IV. Sources of Variation in the Forestry Supply Chain

V. Summary

References

Chapter 15: Forest Certification and Carbon Sequestration

I. Overview of Forest Certification

II. Forest Certification Programs

A. Sustainable Forestry Initiative

B. Forest Stewardship Council

C. American Tree Farm System

D. Green Tag Forestry System

E. Canadian Standards Association

F. International Organization for Standardization, Standard 14001

G. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes

III. Cost and Benefits of Forest Certification

IV. Forest Carbon Sequestration

V. Opportunities and Challenges in Increasing Forest Carbon Storage

VI. Emission Trading

VII. Selected U.S. Carbon Reporting and Trading Schemes

VIII. Forest Carbon Implications for Forest Management

IX. Summary

References

Appendix A: Databases Used Throughout Forest Management and Planning

I. A Douglas-Fir Stand from Western Oregon

II. The Lincoln Tract

III. The Putnam Tract

Reference

Appendix B: The Simplex Method for Solving Linear Planning Problems

I. An Overview of the Simplex Method

II. Ten Steps That Represent the Simplex Method

III. A Two-Variable, Two-Constraint Problem Solved with the Simplex Method

References

Appendix C: Writing a Memorandum or Report

I. Memorandums

II. Reports

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