Forensic Dental Evidence An Investigator’s Handbook 2nd Edition by Michael Bowers ISBN 0123820006 9780123820006

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ISBN 10:       0123820006
ISBN 13: 978-0123820006
Author:         Michael Bowers

Forensic Dental Evidence: An Investigators Handbook highlights the discussion regarding unjust convictions caused by inaccurate bitemark opinions. The book focuses on cases that use forensic techniques, emphasizing modern methods and protocols. Through this book, the latest information available is offered to the forensic community.

This book demonstrates expertise in forensic dentistry by presenting chapters on human identification in domestic and international situations; investigations on missing person and violent crimes against persons; mass-disaster planning and disaster response; and new threats from terrorist attacks on urban centers. Furthermore, it discusses topics regarding bitemark evidence, such as forensic photography, analysis and legal issues. The book also presents two chapters on new scientific topics: The Next Level in Victim Identification: Materials Properties as an Aid in Victim Identification; and DNA for First Responders: Recognizing, Collecting, and Analyzing Biological Evidence Related to Dentistry (chapters 3 and 8, respectively).

This book is suited to anyone seeking knowledge on forensic dentistry; it will be of great value to investigators, lawyers, medical examiners, nurses, and dentists with an interest in forensic dental cases.

• Contributions by internationally recognized and experienced forensic experts cover missing persons cases and mass disaster cases from around the world
• Contains over 200 full-color photographs of crime scene evidence, human identification cases and bitemark details
• Includes many new exoneration cases derived from the Editor’s work with the Innocence Project

Forensic Dental Evidence An Investigator’s Handbook 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Historical Dental Investigations

• Overview
• The Forensic Examination of Herakleides
• The Aging of Herakleides
• Acknowledgments
• References

Introduction

• A Short Biography of Adolf Hitler
• Hitler’s Death
• Remains and X-Rays
• High and Moderate Degrees of Concordance
• Conclusions
• References

Hesi-Ré: The First Dentist
Lollia Paulina: The First Record of Forensic Dental Identification
Dr. Joseph Warren: The First Forensic Dental Identification in the United States
Edinburgh 1814: The First Use of Dental Evidence in a Court Case
Tooth Eruption Patterns as an Age Determinant
Parkman/Webster Murder Trial, Boston 1850: The First Court Case Largely Built on Dental Evidence
John Wilkes Booth: Identification of the Infamous Assassin
The “Bazar de la Charité” Disaster Results in the World’s First Forensic Odontology Text

• Postscript
• References

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Chapter 2: Dental Detectives

• Who Is a Qualified Forensic Dentist? Advice: Use the Best
• What Dentists Do
• What to Do When “A Skull with Some Teeth” Has Been Discovered
• The Use of Teeth by Forensic Science
• Factors That Change the Appearance of Teeth Over a Lifetime
• The Language of Dental Identification
• Tooth Names and Quantity of Teeth in Adults and Children
• Human Tooth Morphology
• The Dental Investigator’s Role in Forensic Case Work
• Collecting and Preserving Useful Evidence
• Scientific Dental Investigations
• The Most Famous Bitemark Case of the 20th Century
• Woman’s Identity Confirmed by a Missing Tooth

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Chapter 3: The Next Level in Victim Identification: Materials Properties as an Aid in Victim Identification

• Introduction
• Modern Challenges, Radiography, and Fluorescence
• SEM and SLICE
• XRF
• Incinerated Remains
• Collection and Analysis
• References

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Chapter 4: Forensic Dentistry Investigation Protocols

• Dental Uniqueness
• Dental Autopsy
• Terminology for Body Identification (from the ABFO Guidelines, www.abfo.org)

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Chapter 5: Recognition, Documentation, Evidence Collection, and Interpretation of Bitemark Evidence

• The History of Bitemarks in the New World
• Sequence of Events in a Bitemark Investigation
• Recognition
• Preliminary Bitemark Examination
• Skin Distortions Affecting Biter Identification
• Features Indicative of Bite Marks in Skin
• Locations of Bitemarks on Humans
• Variable Appearance of Bitemarks
• Evidence Collection for Bitemarks
• Photography
• Impressions of a Bitemark
• What the Dentist Does Next
• Objects Bitten: How Certain Is the Dentist About the Biter?
• What the Dentist Looks for in the Suspect’s Mouth
• Evidence Collection Protocols
• Recovery of Bitemark Evidence from the Victim
• Photographs of Potential Bitemark Evidence
• Recording the Topography of a Bitemark
• Documentation of Bite Mark Evidence
• Live Victim Testimony
• Recovery of Bitemark Evidence from a Live Person
• Laboratory Analysis of Bitemark Evidence
• Evidence Collection from a Suspect
• Dental and DNA Evidence Collection from a Suspect
• Comparison of Injury and Suspect Dental Exemplars
• Summary
• References

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Chapter 6: Bitemarks in England and Wales

• Introduction
• The Process: Identifying a Bitemark and Collecting Evidence
• The Process: Evidence Collection from the Bite Suspect(s)
• The Process: Comparison
• The Process: Report and Trial
• Summary
• References

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Chapter 7: Legal Issues Concerning Bitemark Evidence in the United States

• Legal Factors of Evidence Collection and Its Use in Court
• The Fourth Amendment: Arrest Search and Seizure
• Admissibility of Expert Evidence Based on Relevance and Scientific Reliability
• National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 2009 Review of Bitemark Evidence
• Report Concerns About Certain Forensic Disciplines
• Report Concerns About Bitemark Analysis
• Types of Dental Testimony by Dentists
• Use of Bitemark Evidence in Jurisdictions Using the Frye Standard for Admissibility
• Use of Bitemark Testimony Under the Federal Rules of Evidence
• Typical Questions Law Enforcement Asks Regarding Dental Evidence
• The Scientific Limitations of Bitemark Testimony
• Bitemark Guidelines
• Scientific Literature on Bitemark Identification
• The Accuracy of Skin as a Substrate for Bitemarks
• Uniqueness of the Human Dentition
• Future Improvements to Bitemark Identification
• The Innocence Project/Network
• Erroneous Bitemark Opinions that Were Overturned by DNA
• References

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Chapter 8: DNA for First Responders: Recognizing, Collecting, and Analyzing Biological Evidence

• Why DNA?
• DNA Applications in Forensic Dentistry
• Sample Collection Techniques
• Behind the Laboratory Door
• Interpreting DNA Evidence
• References

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Chapter 9: Missing and Unidentified Persons: The National Crime Information Center Dental Enhancement

• The Function of the Dental Enhancements
• History and Development of the Dental Functions in NCIC
• Collection of Dental Information
• The NCIC Missing and Unidentified Persons File Data Collection Entry Guides
• The National Dental Image/Information Repository
• Comparison Logic
• The NCIC Dental Crossmatch Report
• NCIC Offline Search
• NCIC Records Entered Prior to April 4, 2004
• Juvenile Runaway Issues
• Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) Conversion Issue
• Wanted Persons Issues
• Other Missing and Unidentified Persons Resources
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References

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Chapter 10: The Disaster Victim Identification System: Its General Structure and the Swiss Involvement

• Introduction
• Interpol and DVI
• The Disaster Victim Identification Guide
• The Swiss DVI Organization
• Disasters
• The Swiss DVI Team in Thailand After the Tsunami
• The Back-Office in Berne, Switzerland
• Conclusions
• References

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Chapter 11: Recognizing, Documenting, and Analyzing Physical Evidence in Abuse Cases

• Child Maltreatment
• Abuse During Pregnancy
• Physical Injuries During Dating Relationship
• Spouse Abuse (Intimate Partner Violence)
• Elder Abuse and Neglect
• Techniques for Recording Evidence of Traumatic Injuries
• Conclusion
• References

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Chapter 12: Managing a Mass Fatality Incident

• Introduction
• Dental Response
• Temporary Morgues
• Processing Human Remains
• Identification Methods
• Challenges in Mass Disaster Management
• Family Assistance Center
• Mental Health Counseling
• Aftermath of a Commercial Airline Accident
• MFI Recommendations for Medical Examiners’ Needs
• International DVI Teams Cooperating During an Event

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Chapter 13: Identifying Victims of 9/11

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Chapter 14: Australasian and Multinational Disaster Victim Identification

• Overview
• Local Incidents
• Regional Assistance
• Multinational Disasters
• Simplifying Deployments
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References

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Chapter 15: Photography and Forensic Dental Evidence

• Photographic Duties
• Standard Photographic Protocols
• Conclusion
• References

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Chapter 16: The Use of Digital Imaging in Human Identification and Crime Scene Analysis

• Measuring the Physical Characteristics of Two- and Three-Dimensional Evidence
• Bitemarks
• Digital Comparison of Bitemark Evidence
• Dental Identification: The Uses of Digital Imaging

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