(Ebook PDF) Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology 7th edition by Howitt Dennis 1292295791 9781292295794 full chapters

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎1292295791

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 9781292295794

Author :  Howitt Dennis  

Discover more about the fascinating field of forensic and criminal psychology with this widely praised book, ideal for the students who want to understand how psychology relates to criminal justice and the law. Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology, 7th edition is an essential resource for students studying psychology, applied psychology, criminology, and other relevant subjects, providing a clear and comprehensive introduction to this developing discipline. This market-leading text follows an accessible pedagogical approach, focusing on contextualising theory stemming from extensive, up-to-date research and key empirical findings. It covers major areas in the field, such as profile analysis, lie detecting, mental disorders and crime – among others. It also explores further relevant and significant research studies from the UK and international perspectives and introduces new, contemporary material such as the impact of COVID-19 on crime and police use of force. The book aims to support your broader understanding of the key concepts surrounding the field, helping you develop your critical thinking skills and challenging group discussion in class. Some of the helpful features introduced in the chapters are ‘Key Concepts’, ‘Forensic Psychology in Action’, and ‘Controversies’, which encourage a deeper understanding of the subject. The Overview section at the beginning of each chapter and the comprehensive list of figures and diagrams further support your learning experience on the extensive research data and theory developed. Along with its comprehensive Glossary on key terms for easy reference, this is an invaluable tool for those who would like to follow a career in criminology and forensic psychology and is guaranteed to keep you engaged.

Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology 7th Table of contents:

1 What is forensic and criminal psychology?
Overview
Introduction
Researcher-practitioners
History of forensic and criminal psychology
Conclusion
Further reading
2 The social context of crime
Overview
Introduction
The extent of crime
The extent of criminality
Crime rates compared internationally
Estimating the amount of crime
Life-time likelihood of being a crime victim
Conservative and radical interpretations
COVID-19 and crime
International variations in justice systems
Conclusions
Further reading
3 Crime and the public
Overview
Introduction
Knowledge of crime
What is fear of crime?
What influences fear of crime?
Theories of fear of crime
Conclusions
Further reading
4 Victims of crime
Overview
Introduction
Victim-offender overlap
Psychology and the victims of crime
PTSD and the victims of crime
What leads to a greater likelihood of PTSD?
PTSD and re-victimisation
PTSD among offenders
Post-traumatic anger
Psychological help for victims
Victim decision making
Counterfactual thinking
Victim resistance to crime
Restorative justice
Conclusions
Further reading
5 Theories of crime
Overview
Introduction
Neuropsychology of offending
Intelligence and crime
Psychoanalysis and crime
Addiction to crime
Eysenck’s biosocial theory of crime
Social learning theory
The social construction of crime
Conclusions
Further reading
6 Juvenile offenders and beyond
Overview
Introduction
International comparisons
Adolescents, crime and the family
Criminogenic factors in childhood
Continuity of childhood and adult antisocial behaviour
Biological factors in antisocial behaviour
Two types of delinquents
Specific explanations of antisocial behaviour in childhood
Social interventions to reduce delinquency
Diversion from the criminal justice system
Conclusions
Further reading
7 Theft and other crimes against property
Overview
Introduction
Illegal downloading
Shoplifting
Burglary
Expertise among criminals
Arson and pyromania
Conclusions
Further reading
8 Violent offenders
Overview
Introduction
Are violent criminals specialists?
Alcohol and violent crime
Anger and its management in violent crime
Media influences on violent crime
Theories of homicide
Domestic violence: forensic issues
Domestic violence by women against men
Stalking: what sort of crime?
Desistance from violent crime
Conclusions
Further reading
9 Sexual offenders 1: rapists
Overview
Introduction
Frequency of rape
Youthful sex offenders
Sex offenders as specialists and generalists
Is rape a sexual orientation?
Anger and hostility and sex offending
Patterns in rape
The nature of rapists
Rape myths
Rape myths and policing
Socio-cultural factors and sexual violence
More on the theory of rape
Synthesising explanations of sex offending
Offence Seriousness Escalation
Conclusions
Further reading
10 Sexual offenders 2: paedophiles and child molestation
Overview
Introduction
Classifications of child molesters
How common is paedophilia?
The normal sex lives of paedophiles
The nature of paedophile offences
Theories of paedophilia
Denial and sex offending
Internet paedophile offenders
Conclusions
Further reading
11 Police psychology
Overview
Introduction
Police culture
Explaining police bias
The cognitive interview
Other types of police interview
Forensic hypnosis
Police as eyewitnesses: how accurate are they?
The police caution
Use of lethal force
Stress and other impacts of police work
Conclusions
Further reading
12 Terrorism and hostage-taking incidents
Overview
Introduction
The consequences of terrorism
The nature of terrorism
Mental health and personality problem issues and terrorism
The problem of terrorist risk assessment
What makes a terrorist?
Planning terrorist attacks
The end of terrorist organisations
Hostage barricade incidents
Hostage negotiation
Conclusions
Further reading
13 Eyewitness testimony
Overview
Introduction
Eyewitness testimony as a central issue in forensic and criminal psychology
The accuracy of witness evidence
Later intrusions into eyewitness memory
Eyewitness evidence in court
Improving the validity of the line-up
The importance of eyewitness evidence research
Facial composites, age progression and identification
Conclusions
Further reading
14 Profile analysis 1: FBI-style offender profiling
Overview
Introduction
The origins of offender profiling
The FBI profiling process
The methodology of the FBI profilers
Profiling and police investigations
An example of FBI profiling
What research says about profiles
Does profiling work?
Conclusions
Further reading
15 Profile analysis 2: investigative psychology, statistical and geographical profiling
Overview
Introduction
Geographical profiling
Criminal profiling – the research-based approach
The homology issue and basic theory
Consistency in offending
Crime linkage
Profiling and personality
Conclusions
Further reading
16 False allegations
Overview
Introduction
The police approach to false allegations
Pathways to false allegations
The recovered memory/false memory debate
False claims of abuse and children
Suggestibility
The diagnosticity of signs of abuse
In what ways are genuine allegations different?
Conclusions
Further reading
17 False and true confessions
Overview
Introduction
Methods of inducing confessions
Police interrogation and false confessions
Demonstrating different types of false confession
Distinguishing between true and false confessions
Consequences of a false confession
Can evidence of a confession be disregarded in court?
Conclusions
Further reading
18 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 1: the psychology of deception
Overview
Introduction
Ekman’s theory of lie detection
Are professional lie detectors really no better?
Reliance on invalid cues to deception
The quest for lie detection wizards
Improving lie detection hit rates – cognitive overload
What offenders say about lying
Talking more for better lie detection
Strategic questioning and the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique
Verifiability approach to lie detection
Wider uses of deception research
Training in lie detection
Conclusions
Further reading
19 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 2: the polygraph test, statement validity analysis and SCAN
Overview
Introduction
The polygraph
Problems with the polygraph
Studies of the validity of polygraphy
Polygraphy and the post-conviction sex offender
Alternatives to the polygraph
Statement validity analysis: criterion-based content analysis and the validity checklist
The validity of statement validity analysis
The status of criterion-based content analysis
Scientific content analysis (SCAN)
Conclusions
Further reading
20 Children as witnesses
Overview
Introduction
What is difficult about forensic interviews with children?
The ground rules for interviews
Improving forensic questioning of children
Interviewing very young children
The problem of non-compliance with good questioning
The trade-off of accuracy against completeness
What do we know about interviewing children?
Rapport
Children and lying
Errors of omission and commission
Long-term influences of questioning
Children and line-up identifications
Facial fit construction
Interviewers and child witness testimony
Conclusions
Further reading
21 Mental disorders and crime
Overview
Introduction
Mental disorders and the criminal justice system
Controlling for confounding factors
Psychosis and criminal violence
Violence in the mentally ill and national trends
Confounding by overlapping definitions
The confounding effects of medication
The clinical sample problem
Misclassification of the mentally ill and violence
Effects of general social trends
Mental illness and violent crime in community samples
Post-traumatic stress disorder and crime
Clinical aspects of violence
Who among the mentally ill is violent?
Mental illness and crime in general
Why should there be greater criminality among the mentally ill?
Violent victimisation of the mentally ill
The special issue of psychopaths and crime
Reconviction and mental illness
The police and mental illness
Conclusions
Further reading
22 Mental, personality and intellectual problems in court
Overview
Introduction
Competence/capacity/fitness to stand trial
Psychopaths and mental illness
Post-traumatic stress disorder as a defence
Conclusions
Further reading
23 Judges and lawyers
Overview
Introduction
The adversarial and inquisitorial types of trial
Are trial outcomes predictable?
The presentation of evidence in court
Underlying narrative of legal arguments
Other lawyer tactics
Is expert evidence understood in court?
Judgements
Decision making in court
Theories of judicial decision making
Conclusions
Further reading
24 Juries and decision making
Overview
Introduction
Scientific jury selection and litigation consultation
Simple improvements to aid jurors
The effect of jury size and decision rules
How real juries make decisions
Non-evidential evidence
Conclusions
Further reading
25 Effective prison
Overview
Introduction
Prison as a therapeutic community
Violence in prison
Therapeutic fixes for prison violence
A quick fix for prison aggression?
Suicide in prison
The effectiveness of prison
‘Nothing works’
Prison work works
The many dimensions of psychology in prison
Conclusions
Further reading
26 Psychological treatments for prisoners and other offenders
Overview
Introduction
Sex offender therapy in prison
Does treatment work?
Treating violent criminals
The Aggression Training Programme (ART)
Other treatments for violent offending
Anger and violence
Manualisation
The high-risk offender problem
Conclusions
Further reading
27 Risk, recidivism and desistance
Overview
Introduction
Risk assessment
Just what are dynamic risk factors?
What does research say about risk factors?
Clinical judgement versus statistical assessment
Some structured clinical methods
Predictors may be specific rather than general
Statistical or actuarial prediction
Predictive factors
Issues in the assessment of risk and dangerousness
Offence paralleling behaviour
Protective factors in risk assessment
Conclusions
Further reading
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Publisher’s acknowledgements

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