(Ebook PDF) Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language 1st edition by Brigitte Stemmer, Harry Whitaker 008045352X 78-0080453521 full chapters

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 008045352X

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0080453521

Author :   Brigitte Stemmer, Harry A. Whitaker

In the last ten years the neuroscience of language has matured as a field. Ten years ago, neuroimaging was just being explored for neurolinguistic questions, whereas today it constitutes a routine component. At the same time there have been significant developments in linguistic and psychological theory that speak to the neuroscience of language. This book consolidates those advances into a single reference.

Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language 1st Table of contents:

PART I: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
Chapter 1: Classical and Contemporary Assessment of Aphasia and Acquired Disorders of Language
ABSTRACT
1.1.: INTRODUCTION
1.2.: NATURE OF LANGUAGE DEFICITS
1.3.: THEORETICAL MODELS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT
1.4.: CLASSICAL TESTS AND APHASIA ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Bedside and screening tests:
Comprehensive examinations
Assessment of specific aspects of language
Semantic processing
Naming
Syntax
Writing
Assessment of functional communication
1.5.: CLASSICAL TESTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
1.6.: INTERFACE BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND OTHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
1.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 2: The Hypothesis Testing Approach to the Assessment of Language
ABSTRACT
2.1.: INTRODUCTION
2.2.: WHAT IS THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT?
2.3.: HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: ASSESSMENT RESOURCES AND CONSIDERATIONS
2.4.: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
2.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
APPENDIX
Acknowledgment
Chapter 3: The Intracarotid Amobarbital Test (Wada Test) and Complementary Procedures to Evaluate Language Before Epilepsy Surgery
ABSTRACT
3.1.: INTRODUCTION
3.2.: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
3.3.: CURRENT CLINICAL USE OF THE IAT
3.4.: RATIONALE UNDERLYING THE IAT PROCEDURE
3.5.: COMPONENTS OF THE IAT PROCEDURE
3.6.: PROBLEMS AND CONSIDERATIONS IN IAT PROTOCOL ADMINISTRATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.7.: IAT IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS
3.8.: VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY STUDIES
3.9.: SUPPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ESTABLISHING LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION
3.10.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 4: Architectonic Language Research
ABSTRACT
4.1.: INTRODUCTION
4.2.: BROCA’S REGION
4.3.: WERNICKE’S REGION
4.4.: OTHER REGIONS INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE
4.5.: INTERHEMISPHERIC CYTOARCHITECTONIC DIFFERENCES
4.6.: CYTOARCHITECTONIC MAPS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE
4.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 5: Microgenesis of Language: Vertical Integration of Linguistic Mechanisms Across the Neuraxis
ABSTRACT
5.1.: INTRODUCTION
5.2.: PRINCIPLES OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
5.3.: FROM ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE TO NEUROLINGUISTIC FUNCTION
5.4.: TIME DYNAMICS OF FRONTO-TEMPORAL ACTIVATIONS
5.5.: VERTICAL INTEGRATION: COORDINATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONTEXTS FOR MEANING
5.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: LEVELS OF BRAIN, LEVELS OF LANGUAGE?
Chapter 6: A Brief Introduction to Common Neuroimaging Techniques
ABSTRACT
6.1.: INTRODUCTION
6.2.: ELECTROMAGNETIC FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES
6.3.: HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES
6.4.: REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
6.5.: NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
6.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
PART II: NEUROIMAGING OF LANGUAGE
Chapter 7: PET Research of Language
ABSTRACT
7.1.: INTRODUCTION
7.2.: PET VERSUS fMRI – SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
7.3.: CRUCIAL PET FINDINGS
7.4.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 8: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Research of Language
ABSTRACT
8.1.: INTRODUCTION
8.2.: RECOGNIZING AUDITORY INPUT AS SPEECH
8.3.: WORD REPRESENTATION: FORM AND MEANING
8.4.: FROM WORDS TO SENTENCES: SYNTACTIC PROCESSING
8.5.: FROM WORDS TO SENTENCES: SEMANTIC PROCESSING OF SENTENCES
8.6.: FROM SENTENCES TO DISCOURSE
8.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 9: Event-Related Potentials in the Study of Language
ABSTRACT
9.1.: INTRODUCTION
9.2.: LANGUAGE-RELATED COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
9.3.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 10: Direct Electrical Stimulation of Language Cortex
ABSTRACT
10.1.: INTRODUCTION
10.2.: DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUE
10.3.: COMPARISON TO OTHER TECHNIQUES
10.4.: SELECTED FINDINGS WITH CORTICAL STIMULATION TECHNIQUE
10.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 11: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as a Tool for Studying Language
ABSTRACT
11.1.: INTRODUCTION
PART III: EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
Chapter 12: Disorders of Phonetics and Phonology
ABSTRACT
12.1.: INTRODUCTION
12.2.: CHANGING CONCEPTS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
12.3.: ANATOMICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY FOR BROCA’S AREA
12.4.: INTRACTABLE PROBLEMS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTICS OF SEGMENTAL PARAPHASIAS
12.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 13: Impaired Morphological Processing
ABSTRACT
13.1.: INTRODUCTION
13.2.: NOUN VERSUS VERB MORPHOLOGY
13.3.: REGULAR VERSUS IRREGULAR MORPHOLOGY
13.4.: IMPAIRMENTS OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
13.5.: IMPAIRMENTS OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
13.6.: IMPAIRMENTS IN COMPOUNDING
13.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 14: Disorders of Lexis
ABSTRACT
14.1.: INTRODUCTION
14.2.: DISORDERS OF LEXIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
14.3.: WORDS IN THE BRAIN
14.4.: THE DOMAIN OF LEXICAL DISORDERS, THE NOTION OF A MENTAL LEXICON, AND THE NOTION OF WORD
14.5.: A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING DISORDERS OF LEXIS
14.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 15: Disorders of Syntax
ABSTRACT
15.1.: INTRODUCTION
15.2.: THE ENDGAME: THEORY UNIFICATION
15.3.: SYNTACTIC COMPREHENSION IN BROCA’S APHASIA
15.4.: THE LINEAR MODELS
15.5.: A HIERARCHICAL MODEL: THE DOUBLE-DEPENDENCY HYPOTHESIS
15.6.: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT?
15.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 16: The Neural Bases of Text and Discourse Processing
ABSTRACT
16.1.: INTRODUCTION
16.2.: COGNITIVE AND LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF DISCOURSE PROCESSING
16.3.: THE NEUROSCIENCE OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION
16.4.: RIGHT HEMISPHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION
16.5.: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
16.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 17: Neuropragmatics: Disorders and Neural Systems
ABSTRACT
17.1.: INTRODUCTION
17.2.: PRAGMATIC DISORDERS IN ADULT CLINICAL POPULATIONS
17.3.: EXPLAINING LINGUISTIC PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS IN CLINICAL POPULATIONS
17.4.: NEURAL SYSTEMS UNDERLYING PRAGMATIC ABILITIES
17.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 18: The Role of Memory Systems in Disorders of Language
ABSTRACT
18.1.: INTRODUCTION
18.2.: THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS
18.3.: LANGUAGE AND THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS
18.4.: DISORDERS OF GRAMMAR AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY
18.5.: DISORDERS OF LEXICON AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY
18.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 19: The Relation of Human Language to Human Emotion
ABSTRACT
19.1.: INTRODUCTION
19.2.: LANGUAGE AND EMOTION: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
19.3.: UNIVERSALITY OF EMOTION EXPRESSION IN LANGUAGE
19.4.: THE LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION
19.5.: PROSODIC COMMUNICATION
19.6.: SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES AS REFLECTIVE OF ATTITUDINAL MEANING
19.7.: LANGUAGE AFFECTS EMOTIONS
19.8.: PRAGMATICS – LANGUAGE USE – AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
19.9.: BRAIN STRUCTURES UNDERLYING EMOTIONAL LANGUAGE
19.10.: AFFECT LEXICON
19.11.: DYSPROSODIC DISTURBANCES
19.12.: PRAGMATIC DEFICITS FOLLOWING BRAIN DAMAGE
19.13.: ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FOR EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
19.14.: SUMMARY
19.15.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 20: Acquired Reading and Writing Disorders
ABSTRACT
20.1.: INTRODUCTION
20.2.: DÉJERINE’S CLASSICAL ANATOMO-FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF READING (1891, 1892)
20.3.: CLASSICAL NEUROLINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACQUIRED SPELLING DISORDERS
20.4.: DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF READING AND COGNITIVE ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED DYSLEXIA
20.5.: DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF SPELLING AND COGNITIVE ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED DYSGRAPHIA
20.6.: PRINCIPLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF READING AND SPELLING IMPAIRMENTS
20.7.: READING AND SPELLING DISORDERS IN LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT SCRIPTS
20.8.: NEUROANATOMY OF WRITTEN LANGUAGE
20.9.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 21: Number Processing
ABSTRACT
21.1.: INTRODUCTION
21.2.: THE REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS
21.3.: NUMBER MANIPULATION: TRANSCODING
21.4.: CALCULATION
21.5.: NUMBERS AND CALCULATION IN THE BRAIN
21.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 22: Neurolinguistic Computational Models
ABSTRACT
22.1.: INTRODUCTION
22.2.: THE COMPUTER AND THE BRAIN
22.3.: STRUCTURED MODELS
22.4.: EMERGENT MODELS
22.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 23: Mirror Neurons and Language
ABSTRACT
23.1.: INTRODUCTION
23.2.: MULTIPLE MIRROR SYSTEMS AND THE LANGUAGE-READY BRAIN
23.3.: PRAXIS, LANGUAGE AND THE ACTION-ORIENTED PERCEPTION OF SCENES
23.4.: MODELING THE CANONICAL AND MIRROR SYSTEMS FOR GRASPING
23.5.: IMITATION AND MIRROR NEURONS: IN SEARCH OF SUBTLETY
23.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 24: Lateralization of Language across the Life Span
ABSTRACT
24.1.: INTRODUCTION
24.2.: BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
24.3.: CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING
24.4.: INTERPRETIVE COMPLEXITIES
24.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 25: Interhemispheric Interaction in the Lateralized Brain
ABSTRACT
25.1.: INTRODUCTION
25.2.: FUNCTIONAL HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY
25.3.: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY
25.4.: MECHANISMS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION
25.5.: INDIVIDUAL VARIATION
25.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
PART IV: CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE
A.: Language in Special Populations and in Various Disease Processes
Chapter 26: Acute Aphasias
ABSTRACT
26.1.: INTRODUCTION
26.2.: APPROACHES TO CLASSIFYING ACUTE APHASIAS
26.3.: NON-STABLE SYNDROMES OF ACUTE APHASIA
26.4.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 27: Language in Dementia
ABSTRACT
27.1.: INTRODUCTION
27.2.: PHONOLOGY AND SPEECH ERRORS IN DEMENTIA
27.3.: LEXICAL RETRIEVAL AND NAMING DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA
27.4.: SEMANTIC MEMORY DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA
27.5.: GRAMMATICAL DEFICITS IN DEMENTIA
27.6.: DISCOURSE DEFICIT IN DEMENTIA
27.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 28: Frontal Lobes and Language
ABSTRACT
28.1.: INTRODUCTION
28.2.: PRAGMATIC INFERENCE
28.3.: SOCIAL COGNITION
28.4.: DISCOURSE PRODUCTION
28.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 29: The Torque Defines the Four Quadrants of the Human Language Circuit and the Nuclear Symptoms of Schizophrenia Identify their Component Functions
ABSTRACT
29.1.: INTRODUCTION
29.2.: BI-HEMISPHERIC THEORY OF LANGUAGE
29.3.: PRINCIPLES OF CONNECTIVITY OF HETERO-MODAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX
29.4.: ANOMALIES OF ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
29.5.: THE CENTRAL PARADOX AND ITS RESOLUTION
29.6.: HOW DO THE NUCLEAR SYMPTOMS ARISE?
29.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 30: Stuttering and Dysfluency
ABSTRACT
30.1.: INTRODUCTION
30.2.: DEFINITION AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DYSFLUENCY
Chapter 31: Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Model for Understanding the Relationship Between Language and Memory
ABSTRACT
31.1.: INTRODUCTION
31.2.: DO MTLE PATIENTS SHOW LANGUAGE ABNORMALITIES?
31.3.: WHAT SPECIFIC EVIDENCE IS THERE SHOWING MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INVOLVEMENT IN LANGUAGE?
31.4.: ARE THERE ANATOMICAL CONNECTIONS THAT ALLOW THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE TO INFLUENCE LANGUAGE?
31.5.: WHAT MIGHT THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE CONTRIBUTE TO LANGUAGE PROCESSING?
31.6.: WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR THE LANGUAGE DEFICITS IN MTLE?
31.7.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 32: Subcortical Language Mechanisms
ABSTRACT
32.1.: INTRODUCTION
32.2.: DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOLOGY IN SUBCORTICAL STROKE AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT
32.3.: EMERGING NEUROSCIENCE OF THE BASAL GANGLIA
32.4.: MECHANISMS OF NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA
32.5.: SUMMARY: NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA
32.6.: EMERGING NEUROSCIENCE OF THE THALAMUS
32.7.: MECHANISMS OF THALAMIC APHASIA
32.8.: SUMMARY: THALAMIC APHASIA
32.9.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 33: Language and Communication Disorders in Multilinguals
ABSTRACT
33.1.: INTRODUCTION
33.2.: LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS
33.3.: IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY
33.4.: PATHOLOGICAL LANGUAGE MIXING AND SWITCHING
33.5.: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
33.6.: ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN MULTILINGUAL SPEAKERS
33.7.: MULTILINGUAL APHASIA REHABILITATION
33.8.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: THE CEREBRAL ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGES
Chapter 34: Language and Communication in Aging
ABSTRACT
34.1.: INTRODUCTION
34.2.: LANGUAGE CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING
34.3.: AGING AND BILINGUALISM
34.4.: DISTINGUISHING LANGUAGE IN HEALTHY AGING FROM THAT IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND AD
34.5.: EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING
34.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
B.: Language and Communication in Developmental Disorders
Chapter 35: Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia or Landau–Kleffner Syndrome: Clinical and Linguistic Aspects
ABSTRACT
35.1.: INTRODUCTION
35.2.: LANGUAGE REGRESSION AND EPILEPSY
35.3.: THE NATURE OF THE LANGUAGE DEFICIT
35.4.: THE SPECTRUM OF REGRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND EPILEPSY
35.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Acknowledgment
Chapter 36: Language and Communication in Williams Syndrome
ABSTRACT
36.1.: INTRODUCTION
36.2.: LANGUAGE IN WS: THE EVIDENCE
36.3.: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE NEUROCOGNITIVE STUDY OF WS
36.4.: CHARACTERIZING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN WS
36.5.: LANGUAGE IN WS: CONNECTING THE DOTS
36.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 37: Language and Communication Disorders in Autism and Asperger Syndrome
ABSTRACT
37.1.: INTRODUCTION
37.2.: LANGUAGE DEFICITS IN AUTISM
37.3.: EXPLAINING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DEFICITS IN ASD
37.4.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
C.: Recovery from, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Language and Communication Disorders
Chapter 38: Spontaneous Recovery of Aphasia
ABSTRACT
38.1.: INTRODUCTION
38.2.: SOUNDLY ESTABLISHED FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY
38.3.: FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
38.4.: WHY SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY?
38.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 39: Therapeutic Approaches in Aphasia Rehabilitation
ABSTRACT
39.1.: INTRODUCTION
39.2.: HOW TO APPROACH APHASIA THERAPY
39.3.: A STAGE-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK: FITTING THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO THE STAGE OF RECOVERY
39.4.: SPECIFIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC DISORDERS
39.5.: EFFICACY STUDIES OF APHASIA THERAPY
39.6.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 40: The Pharmacological Treatment of Aphasia
ABSTRACT
40.1.: INTRODUCTION
40.2.: STROKE: HOW DOES IT CAUSE LANGUAGE DEFICITS?
40.3.: SUBACUTE (AND CHRONIC) STROKE: ENHANCING NEURAL TRANSMISSION AND NEUROPLASTICITY
40.4.: SUMMARY: THE STATE OF PLAY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN APHASIA
40.5.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 41: Recovery and Treatment of Acquired Reading and Spelling Disorders
ABSTRACT
41.1.: INTRODUCTION
41.2.: ILLUSTRATIVE CASES
Chapter 42: The Role of Electronic Devices in the Rehabilitation of Language Disorders
ABSTRACT
42.1.: INTRODUCTION
42.2.: PROVISION OF THERAPY
42.3.: COMPUTER-BASED TREATMENT AND LANGUAGE
42.4.: DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT
42.5.: OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND AUDIT
42.6.: ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION
42.7.: SUPPORT FOR EVERYDAY LIFE
42.8.: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
PART V: RESOURCES
Chapter 43: Resources in the Neuroscience of Language: A Listing
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