(Ebook PDF) Calculating X ray Tube Spectra Analytical and Monte Carlo Approaches 1st edition by Gavin Poludniowski, Artur Omar, Pedro Andreo 1000581551 9781000581553 full chapters

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎1000581551

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 9781000581553

Author :  Gavin Poludniowski, Artur Omar, Pedro Andreo  

Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics. This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes. Key Features: Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes. Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail. Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code. An online repository of the code that accompanies this book can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/caxtus

Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra; Analytical and Monte Carlo Approaches 1st Table of contents:

CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 WHY WE CALCULATE X-RAY SPECTRA
1.2 HOW WE CALCULATE X-RAY SPECTRA
1.3 COVERAGE AND STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK
1.4 ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE
Section I Background
CHAPTER 2 Basics of x-ray tubes
2.1 EVOLUTION OF THE X-RAY TUBE
2.2 X-RAY TUBE ESSENTIALS
2.2.1 X-ray exposure factors
2.2.2 The x-ray spectrum and filtration
2.2.3 The line-focus principle and the heel effect
2.3 UNDERSTANDING X-RAY TUBE DESIGN
2.4 REPRESENTATIONS OF TUBES IN MODELS
2.4.1 Simplified analytical models
2.4.2 Beyond analytical models
CHAPTER 3 X-ray production
3.1 ELECTRON TRANSPORT
3.2 BREMSSTRAHLUNG PRODUCTION
3.2.1 Intrinsic energy distribution
3.2.2 Intrinsic angular distribution
3.3 Characteristic x-ray production
CHAPTER 4 Basic dosimetry and beam-quality characterization
4.1 FIELD AND DOSIMETRY QUANTITIES
4.1.1 Field quantities
4.1.2 Interaction coefficients
4.1.3 Dosimetric quantities
4.2 BEAM-QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION
4.2.1 Mean energy and coefficients
4.2.2 Half-value layer
Section II Modelling
CHAPTER 5 A review of analytical models for the x-ray spectrum
5.1 KRAMERS AND THE EARLY 1920S
5.2 THE NEXT 50 YEARS
5.2.1 Collision stopping power
5.2.2 Bremsstrahlung cross sections
5.2.3 State-of-the-art in 1970
5.3 ANALYTICAL MODELS: 1970 UNTIL NOW
5.3.1 A closer look at bremsstrahlung
5.3.2 A closer look at characteristic x-rays
5.3.3 Empirical approaches
5.4 A BRIEF COMPARISON OF MODEL PREDICTIONS
5.5 Summary
CHAPTER 6 An analytical model in detail
6.1 MODELLING THE EMISSION SPECTRUM
6.1.1 Bremsstrahlung production
6.1.2 Characteristic x-ray production
6.2 IMPLEMENTING THE MODEL
CHAPTER 7 Overview on Monte Carlo modelling
7.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
7.2 ASPECTS RELEVANT FOR MODELLING X-RAY TUBES
7.3 MONTE CARLO SYSTEMS
7.3.1 EGSnrc
7.3.2 FLUKA
7.3.3 Geant4
7.3.4 MCNP6
7.3.5 PENELOPE
Section III Applications
CHAPTER 8 Predicting and matching half-value layers
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Filtration
8.1.2 Anode angle and tube tilt
8.1.3 Tube potential
8.1.4 Measurement conditions
8.1.5 Air column
8.1.6 Tube ageing
8.2 BENCHMARK SPECTRUM SPECIFICATIONS
8.3 PREDICTING AND MATCHING HALF-VALUE LAYERS
CHAPTER 9 Kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry
9.1 DOSIMETRY FORMALISM
9.2 CALCULATION OF SPECTRUM-AVERAGED COEFFICIENTS AND FACTORS
9.2.1 Backscatter factors
9.2.2 Ratios of mass energy-absorption coefficients
9.2.3 Other calculation methods
CHAPTER 10 Optimizing the tube potential
10.1 DEFINITIONS
10.2 OPTIMIZATION SCENARIOS
10.3 PREDICTIONS
10.4 LIMITATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS
10.5 CONCLUSION

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