Cancer Vaccines 1st Edition by Natalia Savelyeva, Christian Ottensmeier ISBN 3319239104 9783319239101

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ISBN 10: 3319239104 
ISBN 13: 9783319239101
Author: Natalia Savelyeva, Christian Ottensmeier

This volume focuses on the laboratory and clinical experience with targeting viral onco-antigens, while also reviewing the approaches to targeting self-cancer antigens in cancers of non-viral origin, where self-tolerance has been a challenge. It emphasizes the importance of selecting the right vaccine platform to induce a successful immune response against cancer antigens. In addition, the volume discusses the advances made with genetic vaccines, including recent advances with  DNA vaccines and the rapid transition of mRNA vaccines from the laboratory to bedside. The new avenues opening up for cancer immunotherapy underline the importance of combinational approaches using cancer vaccines with costimulatory antibodies, which may dramatically improve cancer treatment. This book is intended for all translational researchers and clinicians who aspire to develop novel vaccination approaches for cancer patients with unmet clinical needs.

Cancer Vaccines 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction—NSCLC and Immunotherapy
2 The Role of the Immune System in NSCLC
3 Vaccines
3.1 Melanoma-Associated Antigen 3 (MAGE-A3, GSK1572932A)
3.2 L-BLP25 (Tecemotide, Formerly Stimuvax)
3.3 GV1001 (Telomerase Vaccine, Tertomotide)
3.4 Belagenpumatucel-L (TGF-β Antisense Gene-Modified Allogeneic Tumor Cell Vaccine, LucanixTM)
3.5 Racotumomab (Anti-idiotypic NeuGc-GM3 mAb, 1E10 Antibody)
3.6 TG4010 (MVA-MUC1-IL2)
3.7 EGF Vaccine (CimaVax)
3.8 Talactoferrin Alfa
3.9 Tergenpumatucel-L (HyperAcute)
3.10 Summary—Vaccines
4 Immune Checkpoint Blockers
4.1 CTLA-4 Blockade
4.2 PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade
5 Conclusion
References
430 Novel Approaches for Vaccination Against HPV-Induced Cancers
Abstract
1 HPV Lifecycle—Exposure, Infection and Clearance
2 Malignant Transformation
3 HPV-Related Cancer
3.1 Cervical Cancer
3.2 Anogenital Cancer
3.3 Oropharynx Cancer
4 Prophylactic Vaccination—Cohorts Vaccinated, Uptake, Serological Evaluation
4.1 Prophylactic Vaccines for Established Lesions
5 Therapeutic Vaccines
5.1 Proteins and Peptides
5.2 Viral Vectors
5.3 DNA Vaccines
5.4 Bacterial Vector Vaccines
6 Summary
Conflicts of Interest
References
431 Tapping the Potential of DNA Delivery with Electroporation for Cancer Immunotherapy
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Current Cancer Treatments
1.2 DNA Vaccines
1.3 Adjuvants
1.4 Electroporation
2 Potential of DNA Vaccines in Cancer—Preclinical Studies
2.1 Melanoma
2.2 Prostate Cancer
2.3 Human Papillomavirus Infections and Associated Cancer
2.4 Other Potential Cancer Targets
2.5 Clinical Trials
3 Summary
References
429 Targeted Immunotherapy Designed to Treat MUC1-Expressing Solid Tumour
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 MUC1
2 Biology of MUC1
3 MUC1 Immunology
3.1 Antibody Responses
3.2 MUC1 Glycosylation
3.3 T Cell Responses to MUC1
4 MUC1 Therapeutic Vaccines in the Clinic
5 Conclusion
References
426 Chimeric DNA Vaccines: An Effective Way to Overcome Immune Tolerance
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Choice of Successful Vaccination Targets
2.1 Oncoantigens
2.2 ErbB2 as a Prototype Oncoantigen
2.3 Oncoantigens are Self-tolerated Molecules
2.4 Tumors Limit Vaccine-Induced Immune Response
3 Chimeric DNA Vaccines
3.1 Xenogeneic Vaccines
3.2 An Easy and Versatile Means of Oncoantigen Delivery: DNA
3.3 Hybrid Plasmids Coding for Chimeric Antigens
3.4 Significant Mouse Models for the Study of ErbB2+ Breast Cancer
3.5 ErbB2 Chimeric DNA Vaccines
3.6 How to Design an Effective Hybrid Plasmid
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
500 Linked CD4 T Cell Help: Broadening Immune Attack Against Cancer by Vaccination
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Tolerogenic Pressure
1.1.1 T Cell Immunity
1.1.2 B Cell Immunity
1.2 Choice of Target Antigen: Specific, Neoantigens and Shared Antigens
1.3 Activation of Relevant Immune Anticancer Mechanisms
2 Targeting Cancer with Vaccination
2.1 DNA Vaccines
2.2 Fragment C of Tetanus Toxin in Fusion DNA Vaccines
2.3 The p.DOM-Epitope Design to Induce CTL Responses
2.4 Clinical Experience with the p.Dom-Epitope Design
2.4.1 Induction of Immune Responses
2.4.2 Understanding the Immunodominance Following p.DOM-Epitope Vaccine Delivery to Patients
2.5 Preexisting Immunity to TT Immunity and Performance of Vaccines Containing TT-Derived Fragments
2.6 Novel Vaccination Approaches Based on FrC Linked T Cell Help
2.7 mRNA Vaccines
2.8 Plant Viral Particles: A Novel Platform for Induction of Immunity Against Cancer
3 Concluding Remarks
References
509 mRNA Cancer Vaccines—Messages that Prevail
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Concept of mRNA Vaccines
3 Antigen Acquisition
3.1 Uptake and Endosomal Release
3.2 Translation
3.3 Antigen Processing and Presentation
4 Immune Stimulation
5 Delivery
5.1 Delivery Route and Format: The Combination Matters
5.2 Subcutaneous and Intradermal Injection
5.3 Intranasal Administration
5.4 Intratumoral Injection
5.5 Intranodal Injection
5.6 Systemic Injection
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
427 The Use of Anti-CD40 mAb in Cancer
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Normal Physiological Role of CD40
3 CD40 Intracellular Signalling
4 CD40 Expression in Cancer
4.1 Effect of CD40 Activation in Malignancy
5 Antibody Mechanism of Action
5.1 Direct Apoptotic Signalling
5.2 T Cell-Dependent Cytotoxicity
5.3 T Cell-Independent Cytotoxicity
5.4 Recruitment of Immune Effectors
5.5 Fcγ Receptor Interactions
5.6 Fc Engineering
6 Developed Anti-CD40 mAbs with Early Clinical Trial Data
6.1 Dacetuzumab (SGN-40)
6.2 CP-870,893
6.3 ChiLob 7/4
7 Antagonistic Anti-CD40 mAb
7.1 Lucatumumab (HCD122)
8 CD40 Combination Therapy
9 Currently Active Trials
10 Conclusion

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