Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Suppression and Tumor Growth 1st Edition by George Prendergast, Elizabeth Jaffee 0123725518 9780123725516

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ISBN 10: 0123725518

ISBN 13: 9780123725516

Author: George C. Prendergast, Elizabeth M. Jaffee

There has been major growth in understanding immune suppression mechanisms and its relationship to cancer progression and therapy. This book highlights emerging new principles of immune suppression that drive cancer and it offers radically new ideas about how therapy can be improved by attacking these principles. Following work that firmly establishes immune escape as an essential trait of cancer, recent studies have now defined specific mechanisms of tumoral immune suppression. It also demonstrates how attacking tumors with molecular targeted therapeutics or traditional chemotherapeutic drugs can produce potent anti-tumor effects in preclinical models. This book provides basic, translational, and clinical cancer researchers an indispensable overview of immune escape as a critical trait in cancer and how applying specific combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy to attack this trait may radically improve the treatment of advanced disease.

* Offers a synthesis of concepts that are useful to cancer immunologists and pharmacologists, who tend to work in disparate fields with little cross-communication
* Drs Prendergast and Jaffee are internationally recognized leaders in cancer biology and immunology who have created a unique synthesis of fundamental and applied concepts in this important new area of cancer research
* Summarizes the latest insights into how immune escape defines an essential trait of cancer
* Includes numerous illustrations including: how molecular-targeted therapeutic drugs or traditional chemotherapy can be combined with immunotherapy to improve anti-tumor efficacy; and how reversing immune suppression by the tumor can cause tumor regression

Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Suppression and Tumor Growth 1st Table of contents:

PART I: PRINCIPLES OF CANCER IMMUNOBIOLOGY

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

I. OVERVIEW

II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

III. LOOKING AHEAD: MARRYING CHEMOTHERAPY AND IMMUNOTHERAPY

IV. PARTS OF THE BOOK

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 2: Cancer Immunoediting: From Immune Surveillance to Immune Escape

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CANCER IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

III. CANCER IMMUNOEDITING

IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

CHAPTER 3: Immunosurveillance: Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity

I. INTRODUCTION

II. INNATE ANTITUMOR RESPONSES

III. INNATE IMMUNE CELLS

IV. ADAPTIVE ANTITUMOR RESPONSES

V. THE INTERPLAY OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY

VI. CONCLUSION

References

CHAPTER 4: Cytokine Regulation of Immune Tolerance to Tumors

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CYTOKINE REGULATION OF IMMUNE TOLERANCE TO TUMORS

III. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

References

CHAPTER 5: Immunological Sculpting: Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Ligands

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ACTIVATING HUMAN NK RECEPTORS

III. INHIBITORY NK RECEPTORS

IV. THE LY49 RECEPTOR FAMILY

V. IMMUNOTHERAPY APPROACHES

VI. CONCLUSION

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 6: Immune Escape: Immunosuppressive Networks

I. INTRODUCTION

II. IMBALANCE BETWEEN MATURE DCs AND IMMATURE DCs

III. IMBALANCE BETWEEN STIMULATORY AND INHIBITORY B7 FAMILY MOLECULES

IV. IMBALANCE BETWEEN REGULATORY T CELLS AND CONVENTIONAL T CELLS

V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

PART II: CANCER THERAPEUTICS

CHAPTER 7: Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Clinical Treatment of Cancer

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS

III. ANTIMETABOLITES

IV. ANTIMITOTICS

V. CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS

References

Useful Web Sites

CHAPTER 8: Targeted Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CELL CYCLE

III. THE MAPK FAMILY

IV. CHALLENGES IN THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITORS

References

CHAPTER 9: Concepts in Pharmacology and Toxicology

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CONCEPTS IN PHARMACOKINETICS

III. CONCEPTS IN TOXICOLOGY

IV. CLINICAL CONCERNS FOR PHARMACOLOGY AND SAFETY

V. CONCLUSION

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 10: Cancer Immunotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PREREQUISITES FOR EFFECTIVE CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY: IDENTIFYING TUMOR ANTIGENS

III. ADOPTIVE (PASSIVEŽ) IMMUNOTHERAPY

IV. ACTIVE-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY: VACCINES

V. CANCER-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IMPINGES ON IMMUNOTHERAPY

VI. CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY IN MICE VERSUS HUMANS

VII. IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER STEM CELLS

VIII. AUTOIMMUNITY RESULTING FROM CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

IX. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

References

CHAPTER 11: Cancer Vaccines

I. INTRODUCTION

II. TUMOR ANTIGENS

III. SPONTANEOUS IMMUNITY TO CANCER

IV. TOLERAGENIC PRESSURE ON IMMUNITY TO CANCER

V. IMMUNE RESPONSES TO CONVENTIONAL VACCINES

VI. CANCER VACCINE STRATEGIES

VII. DNA VACCINES

VIII. CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION TO THE CLINIC

IX. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

Further Reading

PART III: TARGETS AND TACTICS TO IMPROVE CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY BY DEFEATING IMMUNE SUPPRESSION

CHAPTER 12: Immunotherapy and Cancer Therapeutics: Why Partner?

I. INTRODUCTION: WHY IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR CANCER?

II. IMMUNE TOLERANCE AND SUPPRESSION: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF NEGATIVE CONTROL

III. T CELL ACTIVATION: A RHEOSTAT FOR TUNING IMMUNE RESPONSES

IV. IMMUNE MODULATION WITH THERAPEUTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

V. THERAPEUTICS THAT MITIGATE THE INFLUENCE OF CD4+CD25+ TREGS

VI. ENDOCRINE AND BIOLOGICALLY TARGETED THERAPY

VII. CONCLUSION

References

CHAPTER 13: Immune Stimulatory Features of Classical Chemotherapy

I. INTRODUCTION

II. TUMOR CELL DEATH

III. PATHWAYS TO IMMUNOGENICITY

IV. CHEMOTHERAPY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

V. A PRACTICAL PARTNERSHIP: CHEMOTHERAPY AND IMMUNOTHERAPY

VI. EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON HUMAN ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY AND CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY CLINICAL TRIALS

References

CHAPTER 14: Dendritic Cells and Coregulatory Signals: Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Stimulate Immuno

I. REGULATION OF T CELL RESPONSES TO ANTIGEN

II. REGULATORY T CELLS

III. IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS IN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

IV. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES THAT INTERFERE WITH COINHIBITORY RECEPTORS ON T CELLS

V. WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO USE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS?

References

CHAPTER 15: Regulatory T cells in Tumor Immunity: Role of Toll-Like Receptors

I. INTRODUCTION

II. IMMUNE CELLS IN IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE AND TUMOR DESTRUCTION

III. TLRs AND THEIR SIGNALING PATHWAYS

IV. TLRs IN INNATE IMMUNITY, INFLAMMATION, AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT

V. TUMOR-INFILTRATING IMMUNE CELLS IN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

VI. MOLECULAR MARKER FOR CD4+ TREGS

VII. ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY OF CD4+ TREGS

VIII. SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISMS OF TREGS

IX. FUNCTIONAL REGULATION OF TREGS AND EFFECTOR CELLS BY TLR SIGNALING

X. IMPLICATIONS FOR ENHANCING ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY

XI. CONCLUSION

References

CHAPTER 16: Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer Growth and Progression

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION

III. MACROPHAGE RECRUITMENT AT THE TUMOR SITE

IV. TAM EXPRESSION OF SELECTED M2 PROTUMORAL FUNCTIONS

V. MODULATION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY BY TAMS

VI. TARGETING TAMS

VII. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

CHAPTER 17: Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MULTIPLE SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TUMORS

III. MDSCs AS A KEY CELL POPULATION THAT MEDIATES TUMOR-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

IV. MDSCs’ USE OF MECHANISMS TO MEDIATE EFFECTS ON MULTIPLE TARGET CELLS

V. MDSC INDUCTION BY TUMOR-DERIVED CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS

VI. MDSC LINKING OF INFLAMMATION AND TUMOR PROGRESSION

VII. AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR REDUCING MDSC LEVELS

VIII. CONCLUSIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 18: Programmed Death Ligand-1 and Galectin-1: Pieces in the Puzzle of Tumor-Immune Escape

I. PROGRAMMED DEATH LIGAND 1 AND PROGRAMMED DEATH 1 INTERACTIONS

II. GALECTIN 1

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 19: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Immune Escape: Regulation and Therapeutic Inhibition

I. INTRODUCTION

II. IDO FUNCTION IN T CELL REGULATION

III. COMPLEX CONTROL OF IDO BY IMMUNE REGULATORY FACTORS

IV. IMMUNE TOLERANCE VIA IDO IN DENDRITIC CELLS

V. IDO DYSREGULATION IN CANCER CELLS

VI. IDO AS A TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

VII. DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF IDO INHIBITORS

VIII. CONCLUSION

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 20: Arginase, Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Novel Inhibitors of L-Arginine Metabolism in Immune

I. INTRODUCTION

II. NOS: GENES, REGULATION, AND ACTIVITY

III. ARG: GENES, REGULATION, AND ACTIVITY

IV. IMMUNOREGULATORY ACTIVITIES OF ARG AND NOS

V. POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE FOR L-ARG METABOLISM IN IMMUNITY CONTROL

VI. NOS IN CANCER

VII. ARG IN CANCER

VIII. ARG AND NOS INHIBITORS: A NOVEL CLASS OF IMMUNE ADJUVANTS?

IX. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES

References

Further Reading

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