Biochemistry An Organic Chemistry Approach 1st Edition by Michael Smith ISBN 0815366450 9780815366454

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Product details:

ISBN 10:       0815366450
ISBN 13: 978-0815366454
Author:        Michael B. Smith

“There is a continuing demand for up to date organic & bio-organic chemistry undergraduate textbooks. This well planned text builds upon a successful existing work and adds content relevant to biomolecules and biological activity”.

-Professor Philip Page, Emeritus Professor, School of Chemistry University of East Anglia, UK

“Introduces the key concepts of organic chemistry in a succinct and clear way”.

-Andre Cobb, KCL, UK

Reactions in biochemistry can be explained by an understanding of fundamental organic chemistry principles and reactions. This paradigm is extended to biochemical principles and to myriad biomolecules.

Biochemistry: An Organic Chemistry Approach provides a framework for understanding various topics of biochemistry, including the chemical behavior of biomolecules, enzyme activity, and more. It goes beyond mere memorization. Using several techniques to develop a relational understanding, including homework, this text helps students fully grasp and better correlate the essential organic chemistry concepts with those concepts at the root of biochemistry. The goal is to better understand the fundamental principles of biochemistry.

Features:

• Presents a review chapter of fundamental organic chemistry principles and reactions.
• Presents and explains the fundamental principles of biochemistry using principles and common reactions of organic chemistry.
• Discusses enzymes, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, vitamins, hormones, nucleic acids and other biomolecules by comparing and contrasting them with the organic chemistry reactions that constitute the foundation of these classes of biomolecules.
• Discusses the organic synthesis and reactions of amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and other biomolecules.

Biochemistry; An Organic Chemistry Approach 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry

1.1 Bonding and Orbitals
1.2 Ionic versus Covalent Chemical Bonds
1.3 Breaking Covalent Bonds
1.4 Polarized Covalent σ-Bonds
1.5 Reactive Intermediates
1.6 Alkanes and Isomers
1.7 The IUPAC Rules of Nomenclature
1.8 Rings Made of Carbon: Cyclic Compounds
1.9 Hydrocarbon Functional Groups
1.10 Heteroatom Functional Groups

• 1.10.1 C—X Type Functional Groups
• 1.10.2 C=X Type Functional Groups
  1.11 Hydrogen-Bonding and Solubility
  1.12 Rotamers and Conformation
  1.13 Conformations with Functional Groups
  1.14 Conformation of Cyclic Molecules
  1.15 Stereogenic Carbons and Stereoisomers
  1.16 Absolute Configuration [(R) and (S) Nomenclature]1.17 Specific Rotation
  1.18 Diastereomers
  1.19 Alkene Stereoisomers: (E) and (Z)-Isomers

Chapter 2: The Importance of Water in Biochemical Systems

2.1 Hydrogen Bonding
2.2 Solubility
2.3 Water Molecules in Biological Systems
2.4 Acid-Base Equilibria in Water
2.5 Buffers
2.6 Structural Features That Influence Acid Strength
2.7 Acid and Base Character of Alcohols, Thiols, Amines, and Carbonyls

• 2.7.1 Acids
• 2.7.2 Bases
  2.8 Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides (E2 and E1 Reactions)
  2.9 Acid-Base Equilibria in Amino Acids
  2.10 Directionality

Chapter 3: Nucleophiles and Electrophiles

3.1 Nucleophiles and Bimolecular Substitution (the SN2 Reaction)
3.2 Nucleophilic Substitution with Alcohols, Ethers, Amines, or Phosphines
3.3 Carbocations and the SN1 Reaction
3.4 Ethers and Thioethers as Nucleophiles
3.5 Chemical Reactions of Carbonyl Groups
3.6 Biochemical Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes
3.7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Acyl Substitution
3.8 Biological Hydrolysis

Chapter 4: Radicals

4.1 Structure of Radicals
4.2 Formation of Radicals in Organic Chemistry
4.3 Reactions of Radicals
4.4 Formation of Radicals in Biological Systems
4.5 Radicals in Biological Systems
4.6 Radical Reactions in Biochemical Systems
4.7 Radicals and Cancer

Chapter 5: Dienes and Conjugated Carbonyl Compounds in Biochemistry

5.1 Conjugated Dienes and Conjugated Carbonyl Compounds
5.2 Reactions of Conjugated Compounds
5.3 Conjugate (Michael) Addition
5.4 Enzyme-Mediated Conjugate Additions
5.5 Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions
5.6 Enzyme-Mediated Sigmatropic Rearrangements

Chapter 6: Enolates and Enolate Anions

6.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Are Weak Acids
6.2 Formation of Enolate Anions
6.3 The Aldol Condensation
6.4 Enzyme-Mediated Aldol Condensations
6.5 The Claisen Condensation
6.6 Enzyme-Mediated Claisen Condensation
6.7 Decarboxylation

Chapter 7: Enzymes

7.1 Enzyme Kinetics

• 7.1.1 Kinetics in Organic Chemistry
• 7.1.2 Catalysts and Catalytic Reactions
• 7.1.3 Enzyme Kinetics
  7.2 Enzymes and Enzyme Classes
  7.3 Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
• 7.3.1 Chemical Oxidation of Alcohols
• 7.3.2 Oxidases
• 7.3.3 Chemical Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds
• 7.3.4 Reductases
  7.4 Transferases (EC 2)
• 7.4.1 Chemical Reactions That Incorporate Methyl, Hydroxyl, Glycosyl or Amino Groups into New Molecules
• 7.4.2 Methyl, Hydroxyl, Thiol, and Glycosyl Transferases
  7.5 Hydrolyases (EC 3)
• 7.5.1 Chemical Hydrolysis
• 7.5.2 Esterases
• 7.5.3 Other Hydrolyases
  7.6 Lyases (EC 4)
• 7.6.1 Bond Cleavage in Organic Chemistry
  • 7.6.1.1 Decarboxylation
  • 7.6.1.2 Enol Formation and the Acid-Catalyzed Aldol
  • 7.6.1.3 Dehydration Reactions
  • 7.6.1.4 [2+2]-Photocycloaddition
• 7.6.2 Lyase Reactions
  7.7 Isomerases (EC 5)
• 7.7.1 Chemical Isomerization Reactions
• 7.7.2 Isomerase Reactions
  7.8 Ligases (EC 6)
• 7.8.1 Chemical Methods for Carboxylation and Nucleotide Synthesis
  • 7.8.1.1 Reactions with Carbon Dioxide
  • 7.8.1.2 Synthesis of Polynucleotides and Polynucleosides
• 7.8.2 Enzymatic Coupling
  7.9 Translocases (EC 7)
• 7.9.1 Enzymatic Transport Reactions
• 7.9.2 Transport of Organic Materials

Chapter 8: Lipids

8.1 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
8.2 Nitrate Esters, Sulfate Esters, and Phosphate Esters
8.3 Lipid Classes
8.4 Chemical Synthesis of Esters
8.5 Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Esters

Chapter 9: Aromatic Compounds and Heterocyclic Compounds

9.1 Benzene and Aromaticity
9.2 Benzene Is a Carcinogen
9.3 Functionalized Benzene Derivatives
9.4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: The SEAr Reaction
9.5 Enzymatic SEAr Reactions
9.6 Reduction of Aromatic Compounds
9.7 Biological Reduction of Aromatic Rings
9.8 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. The SNAr Reaction
9.9 Enzymatic SNAr Reactions
9.10 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
9.11 Heteroaromatic Compounds: Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Sulfur
9.12 Reactions of Heteroaromatic Compounds
9.13 Enzymatic Reactions That Generate Heterocyclic Compounds
9.14 Reduced Forms of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur Heterocycles
9.15 Heteroaromatic Compounds with More Than One Ring

Chapter 10: Carbon–Metal Bonds, Chelating Agents, and Coordination Complexes

10.1 Organometallics
10.2 Organometallics in Organic Chemistry
10.3 Biologically Relevant Metals
10.4 Chelating Agents

Chapter 11: Amino Acids

11.1 Characteristics of Amino Acids
11.2 Structure of α-Amino Acids

Chapter 12: Peptides and Proteins

12.1 Reactions and Synthesis of α-Amino Acids
12.2 Amino Acid Biosynthesis
12.3 Peptides Are Poly(amides) of Amino Acid Residues
12.4 Chemical Synthesis of Peptides
12.5 Peptide Biosynthesis
12.6 Proteins and Enzymes Are Poly(peptides)
12.7 Peptide Degradation and End Group Identification
12.8 Peptidases

Chapter 13: Carbohydrates

13.1 (Poly)hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds
13.2 Monosaccharides
13.3 Mutarotation
13.4 The Anomeric Effect
13.5 Ketose Monosaccharides

Chapter 14: Glycosides

14.1 Monosaccharides
14.2 Disaccharides, Trisaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Polysaccharides
14.3 Reactions of Carbohydrates
14.4 Biologically Important Glycosides
14.5 Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates and Glycosides
14.6 Biodegradation of Carbohydrates and Glycosides

Chapter 15: Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides

15.1 Nucleosides and Nucleotides
15.2 Polynucleotides
15.3 Chemical Synthesis of Nucleotides
15.4 Biosynthesis of Nucleotides
15.5 Ribozymes
15.6 Hydrolysis of RNA and DNA
15.7 RNA-Mediated Programmable DNA Cleavage
15.8 Restriction Enzymes

Chapter 16: Answers to Homework Problems

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