Aviation Security Privacy Data Protection and Other Human Rights Technologies and Legal Principles 1st edition by Olga Mironenko Enerstvedt 9783319581392 3319581392
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Authors:Enerstvedt, Olga Mironenko , Series:International Relation [2] , Author sort:Enerstvedt, Olga Mironenko , Languages:Languages:eng , Publisher:Springer
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ISBN 10:3319581392
ISBN 13:9783319581392
Author: Olga Mironenko Enerstvedt
This book sheds light on aviation security, considering both technologies and legal principles. It considers the protection of individuals in particular their rights to privacy and data protection and raises aspects of international law, human rights and data security, among other relevant topics. Technologies and practices which arise in this volume include body scanners, camera surveillance, biometrics, profiling, behaviour analysis, and the transfer of air passenger personal data from airlines to state authorities. Readers are invited to explore questions such as: What right to privacy and data protection do air passengers have? How can air passenger rights be safeguarded, whilst also dealing appropriately with security threats at airports and in airplanes? Chapters explore these dilemmas and examine approaches to aviation security which may be transferred to other areas of transport or management of public spaces, thus making the issues dealt with here of paramount importance to privacy and human rights more broadly. The work presented here reveals current processes and tendencies in aviation security, such as globalization, harmonization of regulation, modernization of existing data privacy regulation, mechanisms of self-regulation, the growing use of Privacy by Design, and improving passenger experience. This book makes an important contribution to the debate on what can be considered proportionate security, taking into account concerns of privacy and related human rights including the right to health, freedom of movement, equal treatment and non-discrimination, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and the rights of the child. It will be of interest to graduates and researchers in areas of human rights, international law, data security and related areas of law or information science and technology. I think it will also be of interest to other categories (please see e.g. what the reviewers have written)”I think that the book would be of great appeal for airports managing bodies, regulators, Civil Aviation Authorities, Data Protection Authorities, air carriers, any kind of security companies, European Commission Transport Directorate, European Air Safety Agency (EASA), security equipment producers, security agencies like the US TSA, university researchers and teachers.” “Lawyers (aviation, privacy and IT lawyers), security experts, aviation experts (security managers of airports, managers and officers from ANSPs and National Aviation Authorities), decision makers, policy makers (EASA, EUROCONTROL, EU commission)”
Aviation Security Privacy Data Protection and Other Human Rights Technologies and Legal Principles 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background and Subject Matter
1.2 Aims of the Research
1.3 Approach of the Research
1.4 Overview of the Structure
Part I: General Part
Chapter 2: Protection of Privacy and Data Protection in Aviation Security
2.1 Introduction
2.2 What Is Privacy and Data Protection
2.2.1 The Concept of Privacy
2.2.2 The Concept of Data Protection
2.2.2.1 The Concept of Personal Data
2.2.2.2 The Concept of Processing
2.2.2.3 Information Security in Aviation
2.2.3 Relation Between Privacy and Data Protection
2.3 Privacy and Data Protection Regulation
2.3.1 International
2.3.2 EU
2.3.3 National
2.3.3.1 UK
2.3.3.2 Norway
2.3.3.3 USA
2.3.3.4 Russia
2.4 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3: Other Human Rights in Aviation Security
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Concept of Human Rights
3.2.1 Protection of Human Rights
3.2.2 Limitations of Rights
3.3 Right to Life
3.4 Right to Health
3.5 Right to Freedom of Movement
3.6 Right to Equal Treatment and Non-discrimination
3.7 Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion
3.8 Rights of the Child
3.9 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 4: Civil Aviation Security
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Security and Its Relation to Safety
4.3 Civil Aviation and Civil Aviation Security by Numbers
4.4 Snapshots from History
4.4.1 The Earliest Days of Aviation – 1968
4.4.2 1968–9/11
4.4.3 Aftermath of 9/11
4.4.4 Recent Developments
4.5 Aviation Security Concept
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Risk Assessment
4.5.3 Assets
4.5.4 Threats
4.5.4.1 Civil Aviation as a Target for Terrorists
4.5.4.2 Modern Terrorism
4.5.4.3 “Profiles” of the Selected States
4.5.4.4 Other Threats
4.5.5 Benefits
4.5.5.1 Effectiveness
4.5.5.2 Improving Passenger Experience
4.5.6 Conclusion
4.6 Principles of Aviation Security
4.7 Aviation Security Regulation
4.7.1 International
4.7.2 EU
4.7.3 National
4.8 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 5: Legal Principles of Privacy and Data Protection
5.1 Introduction
5.2 What Are Principles in This Research?
5.3 General Principles
5.3.1 Legality
5.3.1.1 Introduction
5.3.1.2 Information Openness and Transparency
5.3.1.3 In Accordance with the Law
5.3.1.4 Legitimate Aim
5.3.1.5 Lawful Processing
5.3.1.6 Concluding Remarks
5.3.2 Proportionality Principle
5.3.2.1 Introduction
5.3.2.2 Balancing
5.3.2.3 Proportionality Principle, in Particular in Privacy/Data Protection
5.3.2.4 Concluding Remarks
5.4 Principles of Data Protection
5.4.1 Purpose Limitation
5.4.2 Minimality
5.4.3 Non-retention of Data Beyond a Certain Period of Time
5.4.4 Data Quality
5.4.5 Data Security
5.4.6 Data Subject Influence
5.5 Concluding Remarks to Chap. 5 and to General Part
Part II: Special Part
Chapter 6: Aviation Security Technologies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of Aviation Security Measures
6.3 Body Scanners
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Millimetre Wave
6.3.2.1 General
6.3.2.2 Effectiveness
6.3.2.3 Data Protection Issues
6.3.2.4 Privacy Issues
6.3.2.5 Other Human Rights Issues
6.3.3 Transmission X-Ray
6.3.4 Concluding Remarks
6.4 Camera Surveillance
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Camera Surveillance at Airports
6.4.2.1 General
6.4.2.2 Effectiveness
6.4.2.3 Data Protection Issues
6.4.2.4 Privacy Issues
6.4.2.5 Other Human Rights Issues
6.4.3 Biometrics, in Particular Facial Recognition
6.4.3.1 General
6.4.3.2 Effectiveness
6.4.3.3 Human Rights Issues
6.4.4 Profiling
6.4.4.1 General
6.4.4.2 Effectiveness
6.4.4.3 Human Rights Issues
6.4.5 Behaviour Analysis, in Particular via CCTV
6.4.5.1 General
6.4.5.2 Effectiveness
6.4.5.3 Human Rights Issues
6.4.6 In-Flight Camera Surveillance
6.4.7 Concluding Remarks
6.5 Passenger Name Records Systems
6.5.1 Introduction
6.5.2 Effectiveness
6.5.3 Data Protection and Privacy Issues
6.5.4 Other Human Rights Issues
6.5.5 Concluding Remarks
6.6 Technology and Freedom of Movement
6.7 Technology and Discrimination
6.8 Modern Trends in Aviation Security
6.8.1 Introduction
6.8.2 Intelligence-Led, Pro-active and Risk-Based Approach
6.8.3 Global Information Sharing
6.8.4 Randomness and Unpredictability
6.8.5 Combination of Security Measures
6.8.6 Concluding Remarks
6.9 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7: Analysis of Privacy and Data Protection Principles
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Legality
7.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2 Information Openness and Transparency
7.2.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2.2 Scans
7.2.2.3 CCTV
7.2.2.4 PNR
7.2.2.5 Algorithmic Transparency
7.2.2.6 Conclusion
7.2.3 In Accordance with the Law
7.2.3.1 Scans
7.2.3.2 CCTV
7.2.3.3 PNR
7.2.3.4 Judicial Protection
7.2.4 Legitimate Aim
7.2.5 Conclusion
7.3 Proportionality
7.3.1 Introduction
7.3.2 Suitability (Effectiveness)
7.3.3 Necessity
7.3.3.1 Scans
7.3.3.2 CCTV
7.3.3.3 PNR
7.3.4 Non-excessiveness
7.3.5 Conclusion
7.4 Purpose Limitation
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 Scans
7.4.3 CCTV
7.4.4 PNR
7.4.5 Conclusion
7.5 Minimality
7.5.1 Introduction
7.5.2 Scans
7.5.3 CCTV
7.5.4 PNR
7.5.5 Conclusion
7.6 Non-retention of Data Beyond a Certain Period of Time
7.6.1 Scans
7.6.2 CCTV
7.6.3 PNR
7.7 Data Quality
7.7.1 Scans
7.7.2 CCTV
7.7.3 PNR
7.8 Data Security
7.8.1 Scans
7.8.2 CCTV
7.8.3 PNR
7.9 Data Subjects’ Rights
7.9.1 Consent
7.9.2 Access, Rectification and Deletion
7.9.2.1 Scans
7.9.2.2 CCTV
7.9.2.3 PNR
7.10 Concluding Remarks
Part III: Conclusion
Chapter 8: Conclusion
8.1 Returning to Research Aims
8.2 Regulation Issues
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Legal Regulation
8.2.3 Enforcement of Regulation
8.2.4 Legal Principles
8.2.4.1 Introduction
8.2.4.2 Accountability
8.2.4.3 Transparency
8.2.4.4 Conclusion
8.2.5 Privacy Impact Assessment
8.2.6 Concluding Remarks
8.3 Privacy by Design
8.4 Improving Passenger Experience
8.4.1 Impact on Passengers
8.4.2 Impact of Human Rights Concerns on Security
8.5 Concluding Remarks
Abbreviations
Annexes
Annex 1: ICAO PNR Guidelines, PNR Data Elements
Annex 2: EU-US PNR Agreement, PNR Data Types
Annex 3: EU PNR Directive, Passenger Name Record Data as Far as Collected by Air Carriers
Annex 4: Russian PNR System, PNR Data Types
Selected Sources and Materials
Table of Legislation and Other Legal Texts International
International
European Union
UK
Norway
USA
Russian Federation
Books and Articles
Reports and Other Resources
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