Atlas of multiparametric prostate MRI with PI RADS approach and anatomic MRI pathological correlation 1st edition by Joan Vilanova, Violeta Catala 9783319617862 3319617869

1: Prostate MRI Technique

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)

1.2.1 Clinical Considerations

1.2.2 Technical Considerations

1.2.2.1 Magnetic Field Strength

1.2.2.2 Coils

1.2.3 mpMRI Sequences and Protocol

1.2.3.1 Morphologic Sequences

T1-Weighted Sequences

T2-Weighted Sequences

1.2.3.2 Functional Sequences

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI)

Analysis and Quantitation of Diffusion

DCE-MRI

MR Spectroscopy (MRS)

1.3 Advanced Analysis of mpMRI

References

2: Anatomy of the Prostate

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Urethra and Ejaculatory Ducts (Fig. 2.1)

2.1.2 Transition Zone (TZ) (Fig. 2.2)

2.1.3 Central Zone (CZ) (Fig. 2.3)

2.1.4 Peripheral Zone (PZ) (Fig. 2.4)

2.1.5 Anterior Fibromuscular Stroma (AFMS) (Fig. 2.5)

2.1.6 Areas of Anatomical Weakness

2.2 Prostatic Apex, Membranous Urethra and Its Sphincter Complex

2.2.1 General Aspects

2.2.2 Perineal Body or Central Perineum Tendon

2.2.3 Puboperinealis Muscle (Figs. 2.13 and 2.14) [3, 23, 25]

2.3 The Role of MRI in Evaluation of the Prostatic Apex, Membranous Urethra and Urethral Sphin

2.4 Pelvic and Prostate Fascias

2.5 Lymphatic Drainage of the Prostate (Fig. 2.18)

2.6 Prostate MRI and Cross-sectional Anatomy

References

3: Pathology of Prostate Cancer

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Prostate Microanatomy

3.3 Morphology of Prostate Cancer

3.4 Morphological Variability of Acinar Prostate Cancer

3.5 Prostate Cancer Morphology and Imaging Diagnosis

References

4: PI-RADS v2: Reading Model

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Systematic Reading Method

4.3 PI-RADS 1

4.4 PI-RADS 2: Peripheral Zone

4.5 PI-RADS 2 Transition Zone

4.6 PI-RADS 3 Peripheral Zone

4.7 PI-RADS 3 Transition Zone

4.8 PI-RADS 4 Peripheral Zone

4.9 PI-RADS 5 Peripheral Zone

4.10 PI-RADS 4 Transition Zone

4.11 PI-RADS 5 Transition Zone

4.12 Reporting mpMRI

References

5: Multiparametric MRI and Prostate Cancer: Pitfalls and Tricks

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Pitfalls and Tricks

5.2.1 Anatomic Structures

5.2.1.1 Anterior Fibromuscular Stroma

5.2.1.2 Central Zone

5.2.1.3 Surgical Capsule

5.2.1.4 Periprostatic Veins

5.2.2 Benign Abnormalities

5.2.2.1 Nodule of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

5.2.2.2 Acute and Chronic Nonspecific Prostatitis

Bacterial Acute and Chronic Prostatitis

Granulomatous Prostatitis

5.2.2.3 Atrophy

5.2.2.4 Hemorrhage

References

6: Prostate Cancer and MRI: Local Staging

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Tumor Staging

6.3 Signs associated with ECE

6.4 Focal Versus Established ECE

6.5 Sensitivity and Specificity of mpMR for Staging

6.6 MR Equipment

6.7 mpMR Sequences

References

7: Tumor Recurrence and Follow-Up

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Radical Prostatectomy (Table 7.1)

7.3 Radiation Therapy (Table 7.2)

7.4 Androgen-Deprivation Therapy (Table 7.3)

7.5 Focal Therapies (Table 7.4)

7.5.1 Cryotherapy

7.5.2 High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)

7.5.3 Laser Therapy

7.6 Active Surveillance

References