Artificial Intelligence in Recognition and Classification of Astrophysical and Medical Images Studies in Computational Intelligence 46 1st edition by Valentina Zharkova, Prof Lakhmi Jain ISBN 3642080006   978-3642080005

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ISBN 10: 3642080006
ISBN 13:  978-3642080005
Author:  Valentina Zharkova, Prof Lakhmi Jain 

During the past decade digital imaging has significantly progressed in all imaging areas ranging from medicine, pharmacy, chemistry, biology to astrophysics, meteorology and geophysics. The avalanche of digitized images produced a need for special techniques of processing and knowledge extraction from many digital images with minimal or even without human interaction. This has resulted in a new area in the digital processing called pattern recognition that becomes increasingly necessary owing to a growing number of images to be processed. The first applications of pattern recognition techniques were for the analysis of medical X rays and MMR images that enabled the extraction of quantified information in terms of texture, intensity and shape and allowed to significantly improve a di agnosis of human organs. These techniques were significantly developed over the la st few years and combined feature detection and classification by using re gion based and artificial intelligence methods. By using growing databases of medical images processed with pattern recognition and classification t echniques, one can produce fast and consistent diagnosis of diseases based on the accumulated knowledge obtained from many other similar cases from the stored databases. The use of CCD cameras for astroph ysical instruments on the ground and space produce digitized images in va rious fields of astrophysics. In the past decade, many space and ground based instruments provide large numbers of digitized images of the ni ght skies and of the Sun, our closest star.

Artificial Intelligence in Recognition and Classification of Astrophysical and Medical Images (Studies in Computational Intelligence 46) 1st Table of contents:

1. Introduction to Image Recognition and Classification
   1.1 Overview of Image Processing Techniques
   1.2 Importance of Image Classification in Astrophysical and Medical Domains
   1.3 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Image Analysis

2. Fundamentals of Astrophysical Image Analysis
   2.1 Overview of Astrophysical Imaging Techniques
   2.2 Challenges in Astrophysical Image Classification
   2.3 Key Astrophysical Phenomena and their Imaging
   2.4 Use of AI in Astrophysical Research

3. Medical Image Classification: An Overview
   3.1 Medical Imaging Modalities: X-ray, MRI, CT, and Ultrasound
   3.2 Challenges in Medical Image Interpretation
   3.3 AI Applications in Healthcare Imaging

4. AI Techniques for Image Classification
   4.1 Machine Learning vs Deep Learning in Image Recognition
   4.2 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
   4.3 Transfer Learning in Image Classification
   4.4 Other AI Algorithms Used in Image Classification

5. Case Studies: Astrophysical Image Classification
   5.1 Detecting Exoplanets via Star Patterns
   5.2 Galaxy Morphology Classification
   5.3 Stellar Object Recognition and Classification

6. Case Studies: Medical Image Classification
   6.1 Tumor Detection in MRI and CT Scans
   6.2 Disease Classification in Retina Imaging
   6.3 AI in Radiology: Automated Diagnosis Support Systems

7. Data Preprocessing and Augmentation Techniques
   7.1 Importance of Data Preprocessing
   7.2 Image Augmentation for Robust Classification
   7.3 Data Labeling Challenges in Medical and Astrophysical Imaging

8. AI-Based Tools and Software for Image Analysis
   8.1 Open-Source Tools for Astrophysical Imaging
   8.2 Popular AI Frameworks for Medical Imaging
   8.3 Commercial AI Solutions in the Medical Field

9. Evaluation Metrics for Image Classification
   9.1 Performance Metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall
   9.2 Cross-validation and Model Selection
   9.3 Dealing with Imbalanced Datasets in Image Classification

10. Challenges and Future Directions
    10.1 Limitations of Current AI Models in Image Classification
    10.2 Future Trends in Astrophysical Image Analysis
    10.3 The Role of AI in Precision Medicine and Healthcare

11. Conclusion
    11.1 Summarizing Key Insights
    11.2 The Impact of AI on the Future of Astrophysics and Medicine

12. References

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