An Introduction to Theories of Personality 7th Edition by Robert Ewen 184169746X 9781841697468

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ISBN 10: 184169746X

ISBN 13: 9781841697468

Author: Robert B. Ewen

This 7th Edition helps students unravel the mysteries of human behavior through its highly readable introduction to the ideas of the most significant personality theorists. Engaging biographical sketches begin each chapter, and unique capsule summaries help students review key concepts. Theories come alive through the inclusion of quotations from the theorists’ writings and numerous applications such as dream interpretation, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. Significant changes in the 7th edition include an extended discussion of the practical applications of personality theory, with an emphasis on guidelines that can help people increase their self-knowledge, make better decisions, and live more fulfilling lives. Fictionalized but true-to-life examples illustrating the perils of inadequate self-knowledge include college students, parents, terrorists, business executives, and politicians, while other examples show the positive outcomes that can result from a better understanding of one’s unconscious. This 7th edition also includes a more extensive discussion of how a lack of self-understanding caused difficulties for such noted theorists as Freud and Erikson, and a new section that explains how behavior can be strongly influenced by the situation as well as by one’s personality. Finally, a new interactive web site provides practice test questions and other topics of interest.

An Introduction to Theories of Personality 7th Table of contents:

Part 1 The Psychodynamic Perspective

Chapter 1 Introduction Theories of Personality

The Meaning of Personality

Theories of Personality

Theories and Constructs

Dimensions for Comparing Theories of Personality

Capsule Summary

Some Important Basic Terminology

The Pre-Freudian Era

Freud Versus Wundt

The Unconscious Before Freud

A Suggested Approach to the Study of Personality Theories

Summary

Chapter 2 Psychoanalysis

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Instincts and Psychic Energy

Psychic Determinism and Parapraxes

The Unconscious

The Structure of Personality

The Id

The Ego

Capsule Summary

Some Important Psychoanalytic Terminology (I)

Capsule Summary

Some Important Psychoanalytic Terminology (II)

The Superego

The Development of Personality

Psychosexual Stages

Fixation and Character Typology

Regression

Further Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Religion

Literature

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I Questions

Part II Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 3 Analytical Psychology

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Instincts and Psychic Energy

The Principle of Opposites

Teleology

The Unconscious

The Structure of Personality

Consciousness

The Personal Unconscious

The Collective Unconscious

The Development of Personality

Individuation and the Self

Progression and Regression

Character Typology: Functions and Attitudes

Further Applications of Analytical Psychology

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Religion

Literature and Mythology

Alchemy

Synchronicity

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 4 Individual Psychology

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Social Interest

Teleology, Feelings of Inferiority, and Striving for Superiority (Self-Perfection)

The Structure of Personality

The Development of Personality

Pathogenic Factors in Personality Development

Birth Order

Character Typology: The Style of Life

Further Applications of Individual Psychology

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Religion

Education

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 5 Neurosis and Human Growth

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

The Structure and Development of Personality

Further Applications of Horneyan Theory

Neurosis

Capsule Summary

Some Important Horneyan Terminology

Psychotherapy

Female Sexuality

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 6 The Escape from Freedom

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Organic Versus Nonorganic Drives: Isolation and Contradiction

Nonorganic Drives

The Structure of Personality

Mechanisms of Defense and Escape

The Development of Personality

Capsule Summary

Some Important Frommian Terminology

Character Typology

Further Applications of Frommian Theory

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy and Social Reform

Other Applications

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 7 The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

The One-Genus Postulate

The Need for Others

Tension Reduction

Physicochemical Needs and Sleep.

Anxiety.

Tenderness.

Dynamisms

Modes of Experiencing

The Prototaxic Mode.

The Parataxic Mode.

The Syntaxic Mode.

Teleology

The Structure of Personality

The Self-System

Selective Inattention.

The “Not-Me” Personification

Capsule Summary

Some Important Sullivanian Terminology

Other Defensive Behaviors

The Development of Personality

Infancy

Childhood

Capsule Summary

The Juvenile Era

Preadolescence

Early Adolescence

Late Adolescence

Adulthood

Further Applications of Sullivanian Theory

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 8 Ego Psychology

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

Capsule Summary

Ego Psychology Compared to Freudian Theory

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Biological Processes: Libido and Sexuality

Ego Processes: Identity and Mastery

Society and Culture

The Unconscious

The Structure of Personality

The Id

The Ego

The Superego

The Development of Personality

The Epigenetic Psychosexual Stages, or “Eight Ages of Man”

Ritualizations

Further Applications of Eriksonian Theory

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Religion

Literature

Psychohistory

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Part II The Humanistic Perspective

Chapter 9 Self-Actualization Theory (I)

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Actualization

The Need for Positive Regard

Teleology

The Structure of Personality

Experience and the Organismic Valuing Process

The Self-Concept (Self) and Self-Actualization

Capsule Summary

Some Important Rogerian Terminology

Defense

The Development of Personality

The Fully Functioning Person

Further Applications of Rogerian Theory

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Education

Rogerian Theory and Empirical Research

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 10 Self-Actualization Theory (II)

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Deficiency and Growth Motives

The Hierarchy of Human Needs

Capsule Summary

Some Important Maslowian Terminology

The Unconscious and Teleology

The Structure of Personality

The Development of Personality

The Self-Actualizing (Fully Human) Person

Further Applications of Maslowian Theory

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Religion

Education

Maslowian Theory and Empirical Research

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 11 Existential Psychology

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Being-in-the-World (Dasein)

Nonbeing and Anxiety

Fallibility and Guilt

Intentionality and Significance

Love

Capsule Summary

Some Important Existential Terminology

The Daimonic

The Structure of Personality

The Development of Personality

Further Applications of Existential Psychology

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Literature and Art

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Part III The Trait Perspective

Chapter 12 Trait Theory

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Instinctual Drives

The Functional Autonomy of Adult Motives

Capsule Summary

Some Important Allportian Terminology

Values

Consciousness and Concreteness

The Structure of Personality

Common Traits and Personal Dispositions

The Proprium

Conscience

The Development of Personality

Criteria of Maturity

The Style of Life

Further Applications of Allportian Theory

Psychopathology, Psychotherapy, Social Reform

Religion

The Nature of Prejudice

Personality Measurement

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II: Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 13 Factor-Analytic Trait Theory

Objectives

Cattell’s Objectives

Eysenck’s Objectives

Objectives of “Big Five” Theory

Biographical Sketch

The General Logic of Factor Analysis

Illustrative Example

Methodological Controversies

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Dynamic Traits

The Structure of Personality

Temperament and Ability Traits

The Specification Equation

The Development of Personality

Influences on Personality Development

Development of the Structural Source Traits

Further Applications of Cattellian Theory

Psychopathology and Psychotherapy

Work

Education

Social Psychology

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Other Factor-Analytic Trait Theories

Eysenck’s Three-Factor Theory

“Big Five” (Five-Factor) Theory

Capsule Summary

Other Factor-Analytic Trait Theories

Evaluation

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Part IV The Behaviorist Perspective

Chapter 14 Radical Behaviorism

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

Classical Versus Operant Conditioning

Causality and Science

Types of Conditioning

Beyond Freedom and Dignity

Principles of Operant Conditioning

The Skinner Box

Shaping

Schedules of Reinforcement

Conditioned Reinforcement (Secondary Reinforcement)

Deprivation and Satiation

Stimulus and Response Generalization

Discrimination

Capsule Summary

Some Important Behaviorist Terminology (I)

Extinction

Complicated Sequences of behavior

Related to Personality Theory

Emotion

Thinking

Punishment

Freudian Concepts

Traits

Intentions and Teleology

Further Applications of Skinnerian Psychology

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Work

Capsule Summary

Some Important Behaviorist Terminology (II)

Religion

Education

Figure 14.2 The first 8 items of a 35-item sentence completion program in high school physics. The machine presents one item at a time, and the student completes the item and then uncovers the corresponding word shown at the right. Or such a program might be printed in a textbook, with the student instructed to cover the answers with a sheet of paper. (Skinner, B. F. The Technology of Teaching. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968, p. 45.)

Literature

Social Psychology

Verbal Behavior

Aging and Memory

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I. Questions

Part II. Comments and Suggestions

Part V The Cognitive Perspective

Chapter 15 The Psychology of Personal Constructs

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Activity and Anticipation

The Structure of Personality

Personal Constructs

Capsule Summary

Some Important Kellyan Terminology (I)

Capsule Summary

Some Important Kellyan Terminology (II)

The Development of Personality

Further Applications of Kellyan Theory

Dream Interpretation

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Capsule Summary

The Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep Test), Group Form

Constructive Alternativism and Psychological Research

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Summary

Study Questions

Part I Questions

Part II Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 16 Social-Cognitive Theory

Objectives

Biographical Sketch

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

Reciprocal Determinism

Cognitive Causes

Reinforcement

The Structure of Personality

Self-Reinforced behavior

Perceived Self-Efficacy

Capsule Summary

The Development of Personality

Observational Learning (Modeling)

Further Applications of Banduran Theory

Psychopathology

Psychotherapy

Evaluation

Criticisms and Controversies

Empirical Research

Contributions

Suggested Reading

Other Concepts in Cognitive Psychology

Constructs Dealing with Self-Evaluation and Performance

Constructs Dealing With Learning and Perception

Capsule Summary

Other Concepts In Cognitive Psychology

Constructs Dealing with Problem Solving and Decision Making

Evaluation

Summary

Study Questions

Part I Questions

Part II Comments and Suggestions

Chapter 17 Conclusion Perspectives and Postscript

Quotes to Ponder

Personal Applications of Personality Theories

The Perils of Inflexibility

The Perils of Fame

The Perils of the Situation

Using Personality Theories: Some Illustrative Examples

Other Perspectives on Personality

The Biological Perspective

The Cross-Cultural Perspective

Overview and Conclusions

The Basic Nature of Human Beings

The Structure of Personality

The Development of Personality

Further Applications of Personality Theory

Evaluation

Postscript: Some Personal Perspectives

Summary

Appendix Case Material for Use With the Study Questions

Glossary of Theorists

Glossary of Terms

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