A Uniform Continuum Model for Scaling of Ad Hoc Networks 1st edition by Ernst W. Grundke, A. Nur Zincir-Heywood – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery. 3540202608, 978-3540202608
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ISBN 10: 3540202608
ISBN 13: 978-3540202608
Author: Ernst W. Grundke, A. Nur Zincir-Heywood
This paper models an ad-hoc network as a continuum of nodes, ignoring edge effects, to find how the traffic scales with N, the number of nodes. We obtain expressions for the traffic due to application data, packet forwarding, mobility and routing, and we find the effects of the transmission range, R, and the bandwidth. The results indicate that the design of scalable adhoc networks should target small numbers of nodes (not over 1000) and short transmission ranges. The analysis produces three dimensionless parameters that characterize the nodes and the network: α, the walk/talk ratio, or the ratio of the link event rate to the application packet rate; β, the forwarding overhead, or the average number of hops required for a packet to travel from source to destination; and γ, the routing overhead. We find that the quantity αγ/β characterizes the relative importance of routing traffic and user data traffic. These quantities may be useful to compare the results of various simulation studies.
A Uniform Continuum Model for Scaling of Ad Hoc Networks 1st Table of contents:
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Introduction
- 1.1 Motivation for Studying the Scaling of Ad Hoc Networks
- 1.2 Challenges in Ad Hoc Network Scalability
- 1.3 Overview of the Continuum Model for Ad Hoc Networks
- 1.4 Contributions of the Paper
- 1.5 Structure of the Paper
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Background and Related Work
- 2.1 Overview of Ad Hoc Networks
- 2.2 Scalability in Ad Hoc Networks: Key Challenges
- 2.3 Classical Models for Scaling Ad Hoc Networks
- 2.4 Continuum Models in Networking and Their Applications
- 2.5 Previous Work on Scaling Ad Hoc Networks using Continuum Models
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The Uniform Continuum Model
- 3.1 Defining the Uniform Continuum Model
- 3.2 Key Assumptions and Framework
- 3.3 The Mathematical Formulation of the Continuum Model
- 3.4 Scaling Laws and Properties in the Continuum Approach
- 3.5 Comparison with Discrete Network Models
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Analysis of Network Scalability
- 4.1 Analyzing Network Performance at Different Scales
- 4.2 Impact of Node Density on Network Connectivity
- 4.3 Path Loss and Coverage in Continuum Models
- 4.4 The Effect of Mobility on Network Scalability
- 4.5 Metrics for Scalability Evaluation: Throughput, Latency, and Reliability
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Simulation and Experimental Setup
- 5.1 Simulation Environment and Assumptions
- 5.2 Comparison of Continuum Model with Discrete Simulation Models
- 5.3 Scalability Tests: Varying Node Density, Mobility, and Communication Range
- 5.4 Performance Metrics and Evaluation Criteria
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Results and Discussion
- 6.1 Analysis of Scalability in Uniform Continuum Model
- 6.2 Performance Comparison with Classical Models (Random Graphs, Network Simulations)
- 6.3 Insights into the Effect of Network Density and Coverage Area
- 6.4 Behavior under Dynamic and Realistic Network Conditions (e.g., mobility)
- 6.5 Limitations of the Continuum Model and Its Applicability
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Applications of the Continuum Model for Ad Hoc Networks
- 7.1 Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
- 7.2 Military and Emergency Ad Hoc Networks
- 7.3 Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Cities
- 7.4 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Networks
- 7.5 Energy-Efficient Network Design and Optimization
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Challenges and Future Work
- 8.1 Limitations of the Uniform Continuum Model
- 8.2 Extensions to Handle Heterogeneity in Node Capabilities
- 8.3 Incorporating Complex Mobility Models into Continuum Framework
- 8.4 Integrating Continuum Models with Hybrid and Real-World Network Simulations
- 8.5 Future Research Directions for Network Scalability in Emerging Scenarios
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Conclusion
- 9.1 Summary of Key Findings
- 9.2 Impact of the Uniform Continuum Model on Scaling Ad Hoc Networks
- 9.3 Final Thoughts and Future Prospects
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