Sex Differences in Heart Disease 1st edition by Bohuslav Ostadal, Naranjan Dhalla ISBN 3030586790 978-3030586799

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ISBN 10:  3030586790
ISBN 13: 978-3030586799
Author: Bohuslav Ostadal, Naranjan Dhalla

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in men and women. Unfortunately, women have traditionally been excluded from clinical trials, and female animals have been used less or sex was not reported in basic research studies. Until recently, consideration of both sexes was not required in clinical and preclinical studies focusing on cardiovascular diseases. However, the number of clinical and experimental papers dealing with sex differences and heart disease significantly increases during the last years. This trend is obviously the result of at least two facts: the number of examples of different behavior of the male and female heart under physiological and pathological conditions is steadily increasing and there were controversial reports on the beneficial and adverse effect of hormonal replacement therapy. Detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of these differences are still unknown but one is clear already today: sex differences are so important that they should be considered by the selection of optimum diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in clinical practice.
The book presents 16 manuscripts on sex differences of heart disease, as developed by several investigators; the volume is organized in four parts. Part I, dealing with sex differences in cardiac ischemic injury, includes 5 chapters on experimental aspects of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, the role of testosterone, and clinical aspects of ischemic heart disease. Part II is devoted to sex differences in heart failure and includes four chapters. Discussion in this part of the book is centered around the sex differences in heart failure due to volume overload. Part III of this volume includes four papers on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, namely hypertension and obesity, and, finally, three chapters in part IV deal with sex differences of cardiac mitochondria under different pathological conditions. We believe this book will be very useful forcardiovascular scientists, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and other health professionals.

Sex Differences in Heart Disease 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Introduction to Sex Differences in Heart Disease

1. Overview of Heart Disease
   • Definition and Types of Heart Disease
   • Global Prevalence and Impact on Health
   • Historical Perspective on Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease
2. Biological and Gender Differences
   • Biological Basis of Sex Differences
   • Role of Hormones in Cardiovascular Health
   • Genetics and Epigenetics in Heart Disease

Part II: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Sex Differences

3. Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
   • Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Diabetes
   • Smoking, Diet, and Physical Inactivity
   • Sex-Based Differences in Risk Factor Prevalence and Impact
4. Metabolic Syndrome and Sex Differences
   • Definition and Components of Metabolic Syndrome
   • Gender Variations in Prevalence and Mechanisms
   • Cardiovascular Implications of Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women
5. Obesity and Heart Disease
   • Visceral Fat and Cardiovascular Risk
   • Gender Differences in Fat Distribution and Its Effects on Heart Disease
   • Role of Adipokines and Hormonal Regulation in Obesity-Induced Cardiovascular Disease

Part III: Pathophysiology of Heart Disease in Men and Women

6. Coronary Artery Disease and Atherosclerosis
   • Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
   • Gender Differences in Plaque Formation and Stability
   • The Impact of Estrogen and Androgens on Coronary Health
7. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
   • Differences in Clinical Presentation and Outcomes
   • Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Acute Myocardial Infarction
   • Mechanisms of Recovery and Cardiac Remodeling by Sex
8. Heart Failure: Men vs. Women
   • Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
   • Sex-Specific Causes and Risk Factors
   • Gender Differences in Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Part IV: Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Health

9. Role of Estrogen in Cardiovascular Disease
   • Protective Effects of Estrogen on the Cardiovascular System
   • Changes During Menopause and Post-Menopausal Heart Disease
   • Hormone Replacement Therapy: Benefits and Risks for Heart Health
10. Testosterone and Heart Disease
    • Effects of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Health
    • Low Testosterone Levels and Cardiovascular Risk in Men
    • Impact of Androgen Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes
11. Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Health in Women
    • Pregnancy-Related Cardiovascular Changes
    • Pre-eclampsia and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks
    • Postpartum Cardiovascular Monitoring

Part V: Gender Differences in Cardiac Disease Diagnosis

12. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Heart Disease
    • Differences in Symptoms Between Men and Women
    • Gender Bias in Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Diagnostic Tools and Techniques: Gender-Sensitive Approaches
13. Imaging and Biomarkers in Heart Disease
    • Role of Imaging Techniques (Echocardiography, MRI, CT) in Sex-Specific Diagnosis
    • Gender-Specific Biomarkers for Heart Disease
    • Advances in Cardiovascular Biomarkers for Women and Men

Part VI: Treatment and Management of Heart Disease

14. Pharmacological Treatments: Gender Differences
    • Statins, Antiplatelets, and Antihypertensives: Sex-Specific Efficacy
    • Gender Differences in Drug Metabolism and Response
    • Current Guidelines for Treatment in Men and Women
15. Interventional Approaches and Surgery
    • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
    • Sex-Specific Outcomes and Complications
    • Tailoring Surgical Treatment for Men and Women
16. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Lifestyle Modifications
    • Gender-Specific Approaches to Cardiac Rehabilitation
    • Diet, Exercise, and Behavioral Modifications: Effectiveness by Sex
    • Psychological and Social Factors in Cardiac Recovery

Part VII: Emerging Areas of Research and Future Directions

17. Precision Medicine and Heart Disease
    • Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Research in Sex Differences
    • Development of Sex-Specific Therapeutics and Preventative Strategies
    • Gender-Specific Clinical Trials: Challenges and Opportunities
18. The Role of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Research
    • Sex Differences in Big Data Analytics for Cardiovascular Disease
    • AI and Machine Learning in Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Future Directions in Gender-Specific Heart Disease Research

Part VIII: Public Health and Sex-Specific Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease

19. Epidemiology of Heart Disease by Sex
    • Global Trends in Heart Disease by Gender
    • Disparities in Cardiovascular Care and Outcomes
    • Public Health Strategies for Addressing Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease
20. Health Policies and Advocacy
    • Gender-Specific Guidelines in Cardiovascular Health
    • Advocacy for Increased Representation of Women in Cardiovascular Research
    • Policy Recommendations for Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Both Sexes

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