Misch Contemporary Implant Dentistry EBook 4th Edition by Randolph Resnik ISBN 9780323680264 0323680267

Part I. Scientific Basis

1. Rationale for Dental Implants

Increasing Demand for Dental Implants

The Future of Implant Dentistry

Summary

2. Terminology in Implant Dentistry

Generic and Proprietary Terminology

Osseointegration

Types of Dental Implants

Implant Macrostructure

Implant Surfaces

Implant Platforms and Connections

Surgical Protocols

Surgical Instrumentation

Implant Restorations

Peri-implant Disease

Other Types of Implants

Conclusion

3. Functional Basis for Dental Implant Design

Function and Implant Design

Implant Features

Implant Materials

Summary

4. Bone Physiology, Metabolism, and Biomechanics

Osteology

Bone Physiology

Skeletal Adaptation: Modeling and Remodeling

Cortical Bone Growth and Maturation

Bone Metabolism

Calcium Conservation

Skeletal Compromise

Biomechanics

Sutures

Implant-Anchored Orthodontics

Summary

5. Biomaterials for Dental Implants

Compatibility of Surgical Biomaterials and the Role of Synthetic Materials

Bulk Properties

Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Requirements for Implant Materials

Metals and Alloys

Ceramics and Carbon

Polymers and Composites

Future Areas of Application

Surface Characteristics

Surface Characterization and Tissue Interaction

Summary

Part II. Biomechanical Properties of Dental Implants

6. Clinical Biomechanics in Implant Dentistry

Loads Applied to Dental Implants

Mass, Force, and Weight

Forces

Components of Forces (Vector Resolution)

Three Types of Forces

Force Delivery and Failure Mechanisms

Moment Loads

Clinical Moment Arms

Moment of Inertia

Summary

7. Stress Treatment Theorem for Implant Dentistry

Biomechanical Overload

Impact of Occlusal Overload on Mechanical Components

Marginal Bone Loss

Biomechanical Stress Effects on Treatment Planning

Key Implant Positions and Implant/Abutment Number

Summary

8. Treatment Planning: Force Factors Related to Patient Conditions

Bite Force

Parafunction

Tongue Thrust and Size

Crown Height Space

Masticatory Dynamics (Patient Size, Gender, Age, and Skeletal Position)

Arch Position

Opposing Arch

Summary

9. Dental Implant Surfaces

Introduction

Surface Roughness

Review of Implant Surfaces

Biological Responses and Interaction with the Implant Surface

Role of Surface Roughness in Peri-implant Disease

Future Directions

Functionalization with Biologically Active Substances

Biomimetic Formation of Hydroxyapatite on the Implant Surface

Summary

Part III. Fundamental Science

10. Medical Evaluation of the Dental Implant Patient

Medical Evaluation

Medical History

Laboratory Evaluation

Systemic Disease and Oral Implants

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Medications of Interest to Implant Dentistry

Immunosuppressive Drugs

Oral Antithrombotic Medications

Allergies

Medical Consultation and Clearance

11. Radiographic Evaluation in Oral Implantology

Imaging Objectives in Oral Implantology

Presurgical Imaging (Phase 1)

Radiographic Modalities Used in Oral Implantology

Cone Beam Tomography (CBCT)

Normal Radiographic Anatomy

Summary

12. Applied Anatomy for Dental Implants

Surgical Anatomy of the Maxilla as an Organ

Surgical Anatomy of the Mandible

Blood Supply to the Maxilla and Mandible

13. Dental Implant Infections

Introduction

Overview of Oral, Head, and Neck Infection and Spread

Microbiology of Dental Implant Infection

Causes and Risks of Dental Implant Infection

Infection Before the Implant Placement

Perisurgical Infection

Severe Postsurgical Infection

Peri-implant Disease

Prophylactic Antibiotics

14. Pharmacology in Implant Dentistry

Antimicrobials

Therapeutic Use of Antibiotics: Postoperative Infections

Management of Postoperative Inflammation

Postsurgical Pain Management

Protocols Postoperative Pain

Combination Analgesic Therapy for Postoperative Pain

Control of Postoperative Surgical Pain

Pain Control Protocol

Sedative Agents

Comprehensive Pharmacologic Protocol

Possible Drug Interactions in Oral Implantology

Part IV. Treatment Planning Principles

15. Interactive Computed Tomography and Dental Implant Treatment Planning

Evaluation and Determination of the Ideal Implant Position Prior To Obtaining a CBCT

Obtaining a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scan

Obtain Dataset

Integrate Dataset Into Specialized Software

Reconstruction (Manipulation of Data to Formulate a Treatment Plan)

Treatment Plan to Surgical Placement

Surgical Template Fabrication

Surgical Implant Placement With Surgical Template

CBCT by Drill Guidance (Fig. 15.23)

Requirements of a Surgical Template

Surgical Template Fabrication

Digital Technology

Materials

Surgical Template Complications

Summary

16. Available Bone and Dental Implant Treatment Plans

Literature Review

Implant Size

Measurement of Available Bone

Divisions of Available Bone

Summary

17. Prosthetic Options in Implant Dentistry

Completely Edentulous Prosthesis Design

Partially Edentulous Prosthesis Design

Summary

18. Bone Density: A Key Determinant for Treatment Planning

Influence of Bone Density on Implant Success Rates

Etiology of Variable Bone Density

Bone Classification Schemes Related to Implant Dentistry

Misch Bone Density Classification

Determining Bone Density

Scientific Rationale of a Bone Density–Based Treatment Plan

Treatment Planning

Summary

19. Treatment Plans Related to Key Implant Positions and Implant Number

Key Implant Positions Rules for a Fixed Implant Prosthesis

Implant Number

Additional Treatment Planning Principles

Summary

Part V. Edentulous Site Treatment Planning

20. Treatment Plans for Partially and Completely Edentulous Arches in Implant Dentistry

Partially Edentulous Arches

Classification of Completely Edentulous Arches

Summary

21. Preimplant Prosthodontic Factors Related to Surgical Treatment Planning

Overall Evaluation

Maxillary Anterior Tooth Position

Existing Occlusal Vertical Dimension

Mandibular Incisor Edge Position

Existing Occlusal Planes (Posterior Maxillary and Mandibular Planes of Occlusion)

Specific Criteria

Maxillomandibular Arch Relationship

Existing Occlusion

Crown Height Space

Temporomandibular Joint

Extraction of Teeth with Hopeless or Guarded Prognosis

Existing Prostheses

Arch Form

Natural Teeth Adjacent to Implant Site

Attaching Implants to Teeth

Soft Tissue Support

Pretreatment Prostheses

Postimplant Placement Transitional Prosthesis

Summary

22. Single and Multiple Tooth Replacement: Treatment Options

Tooth Replacement

Single Missing Tooth

Specific Single-Tooth Implant Indications

Single-Tooth Implant Size Specifics

Multiple Missing Teeth

Types of Prostheses

Abutment Options

23. Treatment Planning for the Edentulous Posterior Maxilla

Inherent Disadvantages of Posterior Maxilla Treatment

Treatment History

Sinus Graft Options for the Posterior Maxilla

Summary

24. The Edentulous Mandible: Fixed Versus Removable Prosthesis Treatment Planning

Mandibular Treatment Planning Principles

Implant Overdentures Advantages (RP-4 and RP-5)

Review of the Overdenture Literature

Mandibular Overdenture Treatment Planning (RP-4 and RP-5)

Fixed Prosthesis

Summary

25. The Edentulous Maxilla: Fixed versus Removable Treatment Planning

Treatment Planning Factors

Literature Review

Fixed Maxillary Treatment Plans

Removable Maxillary Treatment Plans

Summary

Part VI. Implant Surgery

26. Basic Surgical Techniques and Armamentarium

Flap Design

Types of Flaps

Proper Incision Technique

Surgical Armamentarium

Instruments to Remove Tissue From Extraction Sockets or Bony Defects

Aseptic Technique

Utilization of Ideal Suturing

Suture Type

Suture Qualities

Suture Size

Suture Needle

Suturing Technique

Suturing Instruments

Suturing Knots

27. Implant Placement Surgical Protocol

Pre-Implant Placement Protocols

Dental Implant Osteotomy Preparation

Bone Density Factors Related to Implant Preparation

Generic Drilling Sequence

Dental Implant Surgical Protocol 1 (D1 Bone)

Dental Implant Surgical Protocol 2 (D2 Bone)

Dental Implant Surgical Protocol 3 (D3 Bone)

Dental Implant Surgical Protocol 4 (D4 Bone)

Primary Stability

One-Stage versus Two-Stage

Summary

28. Ideal Implant Positioning

“X”-Axis (Mesial-Distal) Positioning

Buccolingual Positioning(“Y-Axis”)

Faciopalatal Positioning

Excessive Depth

Inadequate Depth

Treatment

RP-4 and RP-5

Treatment

Treatment

Implant Position with Respect to Vital Structures

Prevention of Implant Malposition

Summary

29. Maxillary Anterior Implant Placement

Maxillary Anterior Implant Placement

Nasopalatine (Incisive) Foramen and Canal

Implants in Approximation to the Nasal Cavity

Maxillary Anterior Anodontia

Summary

30. Mandibular Anatomic Implications for Dental Implant Surgery

Mandibular Anterior

Mandibular Posterior

Vascular Considerations

Neural Considerations

Radiographic Considerations

Anatomic Considerations

31. Dental Implant Complications

Intraoperative Complications

Bleeding-Related Complications

Postoperative Bleeding Control

Postoperative Complications

Incision Line Opening

Biomechanical Complications

Neurosensory Impairment

Fractured Implant

Explantation of Dental Implants

32. Immediate Implant Placement Surgical Protocol

Advantages of Immediate Implant Placement

Disadvantages of Immediate Placement

Immediate Implant Studies

Treatment Planning Considerations

Requirements for Immediate Implant Placement

Immediate Implant Placement Technique

Complications

Conclusion

33. Immediate Load/Restoration in Implant Dentistry

Immediate-Loading Terminology

Advantages of Immediate Load Protocol

Disadvantages of Immediate Load Implants

Prerequisites for Immediate-Loading Protocol

Rational for Implant Immediate-Loading Protocol

Histologic Evaluation of Immediate-Loaded Implants

Immediate Occlusal Loading: Factors That Decrease Risks

Immediate-Loading Protocol: Partially Edentulous Patients

Partially Edentulous (Greater Than One Edentulous Space)

Completely Edentulous Arches

Provisional Implants

All-on-4 Surgical/Prosthetic Protocol

Advanced Fully Guided Immediate Placement/Loading Protocols (Box 33.6, Box 33.7, Fig. 33.18)

Immediate Loading: Postoperative Instructions

Immediate Loading: Postoperative Complications

Summary

Part VII. Soft and Hard Tissue Rehabilitation

34. Atraumatic Tooth Extraction and Socket Grafting

Extraction Socket Healing

Atraumatic Tooth Extraction

Socket Grafting of the Extraction Site

Socket Graft Healing

Socket Grafting Contraindications

Socket Graft Complications

Conclusion

35. Bone Substitutes and Membranes

Terminology for Bone Repair and Regeneration

Mechanisms of Bone Repair and Regeneration

Ideal Bone Graft Substitute

Ideal Membrane Material

Classification of Bone Graft Substitutes and Membranes

Oversight

Sterility

Proprietary Sterilization Methods

End-User Responsibilities

Allograft Source, Processing, and Distribution

Xenograft Source, Production, and Distribution

Alloplast Production and Distribution

Graft Descriptions50-60

Comparing Bone Graft Substitutes and Membrane Characteristics

Looking to the Future

Summary

36. Particulate Membrane grafting/Guided Bone Regeneration

Indications for Bone Grafting

Cellular Bone Regeneration Process

Treatment Planning in the Compromised Edentulous Ridge

Bony Defect Morphology Considerations and Classification

Soft Tissue Considerations

Guided Bone Regeneration Protocol

Postoperative Treatment

Development of Ideal Bone Density in Regeneration Sites

Graft Maturation Healing Times

Bone-Grafting Complications

Summary

37. Maxillary Sinus Anatomy, Pathology, and Graft Surgery

Maxillary Sinus Anatomy

Maxillary Sinus: Clinical Assessment

Maxillary Sinus Radiographic Evaluation

Normal Anatomy

Maxillary Sinus: Anatomical Variants

Maxillary Sinus Pathology

Cystic Lesions

Miscellaneous Factors That Affect the Health of the Maxillary Sinus

Relative and Absolute Contraindication to Maxillary Sinus Graft Procedures

Reduction of Sinus Graft Complications

Surgical Treatment of the Maxillary Sinus: History

Treatment Classifications for the Posterior Maxilla

Surgical Technique

Intraoperative Complications Related to Sinus Graft Surgery

Short-Term Postoperative Complications

Revision Surgery

Edema

Ecchymosis

Pain

Oroantral Fistulae

Post-Operative Infection

Spread of Infection

Implant Penetration Into the Sinus

Overfilling of the Sinus

Postoperative Cone Beam Computerized Tomographic Mucosal Thickening (False Positive for Infection)

Migration of Implants

Postoperative Fungal Infection

Summary

38. Intraoral Autogenous Bone Grafting

History of Autogenous Bone Grafts

Preoperative Evaluation of Recipient Site

Selection of Intraoral Donor Site

Block Graft Preparation

Comparison of Intraoral Bone-Grafting Donor Sites

Postoperative Care and Instructions

Complications

Implant Placement

Summary

39. Extraoral Bone Grafting for Implant Reconstruction

Introduction

Extraoral Donor Bone Graft Sites

Summary

40. The Use of Botox and Dermal Fillers in Oral Implantology

Injectable Neurotoxin (Botulinum Toxin)

Botulinum Toxin Type A Uses in Implant Dentistry

Generalized Botulinum Toxin Type A Postoperative Instructions

Generalized Contraindications to Botox

Generalized Complications to Botox

Injectable Fillers

Dermal Filler Use in Implant Dentistry

Reversals for Dermal Fillers

Complications With Dermal Fillers

Complications48

Conclusion

Part VIII. Dental Implant Maintenance

41. Peri-Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis, Classification, Etiologies, and Therapies

Peri-implant Disease

Peri-implant Mucositis

Peri-implantitis

Suzuki-Resnik Peri-Implant Disease Protocol

Peri-Implant Disease Treatment Regimen

Lack of Keratinized Tissues

Retained Cement Peri-implant Disease

Implant Quality Scale

Conclusion

42. Implant Maintenance: Long-Term Implant Success

Anatomy of Peri-implant Hard and Soft Tissues

Appendix. Treatment Plan Options

Index