Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy 1st Edition by Durgesh Nandini Chauhan ISBN 1119614228 9781119614228

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ISBN 10:       1119614228
ISBN 13: 978-1119614227
Author:         Durgesh Nandini Chauhan 

Because of increasing antibiotic resistance, stronger antibiotics are reserved for serious active infection, paving the way for a greater use of herbal antibiotics. This book helps dentists in implementing safe and effective natural medicine therapies to complement the current practice guidelines.

Oral diseases continue to be a major health problem world-wide. Oral health is integral to general well-being and relates to the quality-of-life that extends beyond the functions of the craniofacial complex. The standard Western medicine has had only limited success in the prevention of periodontal disease and in the treatment of a variety of oral diseases.

The dentist needs to be more informed regarding the use, safety and effectiveness of the various traditional medicines and over-the-counter products.

Herbal extracts have been used in dentistry for reducing inflammation, as antimicrobial plaque agents, for preventing release of histamine and as antiseptics, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antifungals, antibacterials, antivirals and analgesics. They also aid in healing and are effective in controlling microbial plaque in gingivitis and periodontitis and thereby improving immunity.

The 26 chapters in this unique book explore all the measures to utilize the natural oral care obtained from plants, animals and mineral drugs for dental care.

Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy 1st Table of contents:

Part I: NATURAL ORAL CARE

1. Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy: Current and Future Prospects
   1.1 Introduction
   1.2 Safety of Natural Oral Care
   1.3 Advantage of Natural Oral Care
   1.4 Limitations of Natural Oral Care
   1.5 Future Prospects of Natural Oral Care
   References

2. Herbal Products for Oral Hygiene: An Overview of Their Biological Activities
   2.1 Introduction
   2.2 Oral Hygiene and Current Treatments
   2.3 Plants Traditionally Used in Oral Hygiene
   2.4 Clinically-Studied Plant Products for Oral Hygiene
   2.5 In Vitro-Studied Herbal Products for Oral Hygiene
   2.6 Discussion
   2.7 Conclusion
   References

3. Go Green—Periodontal Care in the Natural Way
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Plaque Control
   3.3 Dant Dhavani (Brushing)
   3.4 Jivha Lekhana (Tongue Scrapping)
   3.5 Gandusha (Gargling) or Oil Pulling
   3.6 Oxidative Stress in Periodontitis
   3.7 Green Tea
   3.8 Turmeric (Curcumin longa, Haldi)
   3.9 Amala (Emblica officinalis, Amalaki, Phyllanthus emblica, Indian Gooseberry, Dhatriphala)
   3.10 Anar/Dalima (Punica granatum)
   3.11 Launga/Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
   3.12 Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
   3.13 Amra/Mango (Magnifera indica)
   3.14 Neem (Azadirachta indica)
   3.15 Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)
   3.16 Nilgiri (Eucalyptus globulus)
   3.17 Tila/Sesame (Sesamum indicum)
   3.18 Triphala
   3.19 Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil)
   3.20 Rumi Mastagi/Mastic Gum (Pistacia lentiscus)
   3.21 Wheat Grass
   3.22 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
   3.23 Licorice Root
   3.24 Myrrh (Commiphora glileadenis)
   3.25 Psidium guajava
   3.26 Ginkgo Biloba
   3.27 Honey
   3.28 Other Herbs Which Can Be Potentially Used for Treating Periodontitis
   3.29 Conclusion
   References

4. Role of Herbal and Natural Products in the Management of Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF)
   4.3 Oral Leukoplakia (OL)
   4.4 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP)
   References

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Part II: STUDIES OF PLANTS USED IN DENTAL DISEASE
5. Studies on the Anticariogenic Potential of Medicinal Plant Seed and Fruit Extracts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.3 Result and Discussion
5.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

6. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Turmeric and Aloe Vera in a Gingivitis Model
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 Gingivitis and Periodontitis
   6.3 Aloe Vera
   6.4 Turmeric
   6.5 Methodology
   6.6 Perspectives for the Future
   6.7 Conclusions
   References

7. Effects of Bauhinia forficata Link in Reducing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm on Teeth
   7.1 Introduction
   7.2 Materials and Methods
   7.3 Results and Discussion
   7.4 Final Considerations
   Acknowledgments
   References

8. Antimicrobial Effect of a Cardamom Ethanolic Extract on Oral Biofilm: An Ex Vivo Study
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Materials and Methods
   8.3 Results and Discussion
   8.4 Final Considerations
   Acknowledgment
   References

9. Effect of Punica granatum Peel Extract on Growth of Candida albicans in Oral Mucosa of Diabetic Male Rats
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Materials and Methods
   9.3 Results and Discussion
   9.4 Conclusion
   Acknowledgment
   References

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Part III: APPLICATIONS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN ORAL CARE
10. Effect of Oil Pulling on Oral Health
10.1 Introduction
10.2 What is Oil Pulling (Snaihik Gandoosh)?
10.3 How Does Oil Pulling Work?
10.4 Composition and Various Activities of Most Commonly Used Oils for Oil Pulling
10.5 Procedure of Oil Pulling
10.6 Effects of Oil Pulling on Oral Health
10.7 Drawbacks of Oil Pulling
References

11. Role of Proteolytic Enzymes in Dental Care
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Role of Proteolytic Enzymes in Oral Surgery
    11.3 Role of Proteolytic Enzymes in Cancer and Oral Mucositis
    11.4 Osteoarthritis
    11.5 Anti-Microbial Action
    11.6 Treatment of Dental Carious Lesions
    11.7 Improvement in Bonding of Orthodontics Brackets
    11.8 Role on Biofilm Control (Plaque, Gingivitis, and Oral Malodor)
    11.9 Extrinsic Stain Removal on the Teeth
    11.10 Role in Replantation of the Avulsed Tooth
    11.11 Effect of Bromelain on Immunogenicity
    11.12 Other Possible Applications and Scope for Future Research
    References

12. The Effect of Probiotics on Oral Health
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Overview of Oral Communities and Probiotic-Based Therapy to Oral Dysbiosis
    12.3 Probiotics Mechanisms of Action
    12.4 Dental Caries
    12.5 Periodontal Disease
    12.6 Oral Candidiasis
    12.7 Halitosis
    12.8 Conclusion
    Acknowledgments
    References

13. Charcoal in Dentistry
    13.1 Introduction
    13.2 Charcoal Production Methods
    13.3 Uses of Charcoal
    13.4 Charcoal Containing Oral and Dental Care Products
    13.5 Benefits of Using Charcoal Containing Oral and Dental Care Products
    13.6 Precautions to be Taken While Using Charcoal Containing Oral and Dental Care Products
    13.7 Conclusion
    References

14. Propolis Benefits in Oral Health
    14.1 Introduction
    14.2 Types of Propolis
    14.3 Biological Properties of Propolis
    14.4 Other Biological Properties of Propolis
    14.5 Benefits for Oral Health and Applications in Dentistry
    14.6 Final Considerations
    Acknowledgment
    References

15. Grape Seed Extracts in Dental Therapy
    15.1 Introduction
    15.2 Part I: Basics About Grape Seed Extracts
    15.3 Part II: Biological Applications in Dentistry
    15.4 GSEs in Restorative Dentistry
    15.5 GSEs in Endodontic Treatment
    15.6 GSEs in Periodontics
    15.7 GSEs in Oral Cancer
    15.8 Conclusion
    References

16. Ocimum Sanctum L: Promising Agent for Oral Health Care Management
    16.1 Introduction
    16.2 History of Ocimum sanctum
    16.3 Chemical Constituents of Ocimum sanctum
    16.4 Therapeutic Significance of Ocimum in Dental Health and Preventive Care Management
    16.5 Novel Drug Delivery Formulations and Its Application in Dentistry
    16.6 Conclusion
    References

17. Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.): A Natural Gift to Humans for Dental Ministration
    17.1 Introduction
    17.2 Traditional Usage and Ethnopharmacological Relevance
    17.3 Pharmacological Properties of Coconut
    17.4 Role of a Coconut Tree in Dental Ministrations
    17.5 Exemplary Potential of Coconut Water in Dentistry
    17.6 Other Significance of Coconut
    17.7 Active Constituent Identified from Coconut
    17.8 Future Prospective
    17.9 Conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    References

18. Salvadora persica L. (Miswak): An Effective Folklore Toothbrush
    18.1 Introduction
    18.2 History
    18.3 Chemical Constituents
    18.4 Extraction, Isolation, Identification of Chemical Constituents
    18.5 Pharmacology—Therapeutic Activity of Salvadora persica L.
    18.6 Conclusion
    References

19. Triphala and Oral Health
    19.1 Introduction
    19.2 Taxonomical Classification
    19.3 Chief Phytoconstituents
    19.4 Role of Triphala in Dentistry (Table 19.1)
    19.5 Pharmacological Activities of Triphala and Future Research
    19.6 Public Health Importance
    19.7 Formulation Using Triphala
    19.8 Conclusion
    References

20. Azadirachta indica (Neem): An Ancient Indian Boon to the Contemporary World of Dentistry
    20.1 Introduction
    20.2 Vital Bioactive Compounds of Neem
    20.3 How to Distinguish Azadirachta Indica (Neem) from its Common Adulterant Melia Azedarach
    20.4 Therapeutic Applications of Neem
    20.5 Applications of Neem in Dentistry
    20.6 Literature Supporting the Use of Neem in Dentistry
    20.7 Toxicity and Safety
    20.8 Contamination and Adulteration
    20.9 Drug Interactions
    20.10 Neem’s Prospects in Dentistry
    20.11 Action Points and Recommendations for Health Care Professionals
    20.12 Conclusion
    References

21. Ginger in Oral Care
    21.1 Introduction
    21.2 Description
    21.3 Macroscopic Characteristics
    21.4 Pharmacognostic Standards
    21.5 Nutrient Composition
    21.6 Pharmacological and Medicinal Effects
    21.7 Pharmacokinetics
    21.8 Toxicological Studies
    21.9 Conclusion
    References

22. Effectiveness of Allium sativum on Bacterial Oral Infection
    22.1 Introduction
    22.2 Types of Allium sativum
    22.3 Chemical Constituents
    22.4 Dental Infections and Epidemiology
    22.5 Dental Infection and Antibiotic Resistance
    22.6 The Antibacterial Application of Garlic in Dentistry
    22.7 Additional Use of Garlic in Dentistry—Oral Cancer
    22.8 Garlic Mechanism of Action
    22.9 Conclusions and Recommendations
    Acknowledgments
    References

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Part IV: ETHNOBOTANY AND ETHANOPHARMACOLOGY
23. Curative Plants Worn in the Healing of Mouth Evils
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Materials and Methods
23.3 Results and Discussion
23.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References

24. Ethnopharmacological Applications of Chewing Sticks on Oral Health Care
    24.1 Introduction
    24.2 Applications of Chewing Sticks in Oral Health Care
    24.3 Conclusions
    References

25. Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology for Dental Diseases in Indochina
    25.1 Introduction
    25.2 Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology in Indochina
    25.3 Locally Available Naturally Derived Dental Products in Indochina
    25.4 Ethnopharmacology for Dental Diseases in Indochina
    25.5 Ethnomedicine for Dental Diseases in Indochina
    25.6 Future Trend of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology for Dental Diseases in Indochina
    25.7 Conclusion
    References

26. Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Anti-Halitosis
    26.1 Introduction
    26.2 Materials and Methods
    26.3 Results and Discussion
    26.4 Conclusion

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