Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials 12th edition by Kenneth Anusavice 9780323242059 0323242057

Part 1: General Classes and Properties of Dental Materials

Chapter 1: Overview of Preventive and Restorative Materials

General Categories of Biomaterials Properties

Applications of Dental Materials

What Are Dental Materials?

Historical Use of Restorative Materials

Standards for Dental Materials

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulations for Medical Devices

International Standards

International Organization for Standardization Standards, Subcommittees, And Working Groups

Other Dental Standards Organizations

How Safe are Dental Restorative Materials?

Why Do Dental Students, Dentists, and Dental Educators Need to Understand the Principles of Dental Materials Science?

The Future Need for Dental Biomaterials

Chapter 2: Structure of Matter and Principles of Adhesion

Interatomic Bonds

Atomic Arrangement

Interatomic Bond Distance and Thermal Energy

Diffusion

Adhesion and Bonding

Bonding to Tooth Structure

Chapter 3: Physical and Chemical Properties of Solids

Terminology

Key Terms

Rheology

Structural Relaxation

Color and Optical Effects

Thermal Properties

Electrochemical Properties

Magnetic Materials

Acknowledgement

Chapter 4: Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials

Key Terms

What Are Mechanical Properties?

Stresses and Strains

Elastic Properties

Strength Properties

Weibull Statistics

Other Important Properties

Stress Concentration Effects

Clenching and Mastication Forces

Criteria for the Selection of Restorative Materials

Chapter 5: Structure and Properties of Cast Dental Alloys

History of Metal Development in Dentistry

Metals and Alloys

Metallic Bonding

Classification of Alloys

Effects of Alloy Elements on Properties of High Noble and Noble Metal Alloys

Solidification and Microstructure of Cast Dental Alloys

Solid Solutions

Conditions for Solid Solubility

Equilibrium-Phase Diagrams

Eutectic Alloys

Peritectic Alloys

Solid-State Reactions in High Noble and Noble Alloy Systems

Color of Cast Metal Alloys

Chapter 6: Dental Polymers

Key Terms

History of Dental Polymeric Materials

Dental Uses of Polymeric Materials and Resins

Components and Composition

Performance Criteria for Dental Resins

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polymers

Chemistry of Polymerization

Copolymerization

Acrylic Dental Resins

Chapter 7: Biocompatibility

Historical Perspective

Adverse Effects from Exposure to Dental Materials

Adverse Effects Data from National Registries

Allergic Reactions

Occupational Hazards for Dental Personnel

Hydrofluoric Acid

Biocompatibility Tests

Clinical Guidelines for Selecting Biocompatible Materials

Acknowledgments

Part 2: Auxiliary Dental Materials

Chapter 8: Impression Materials

Classification of Impression Materials

Elastomeric Impression Materials

Making Impresssions with Elastomeric Materials

Properties of Elastomeric Impression Materials

Hydrocolloids

Inelastic Impression Materials

Acknowledgments

Chapter 9: Gypsum Products

Production of Gypsum Products

Setting of Gypsum Products

Setting Expansion

Strength of Set Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsum Products

Manipulation of Gypsum Products

Chapter 10: Dental Waxes, Casting Investments, and Casting Procedures

History of Dental Wax

Types of Inlay Waxes

Composition of Dental Waxes

Desirable Properties of Wax

Flow of Dental Wax

Thermal Properties of Dental Waxes

Manipulation of Inlay Wax

Wax Distortion

Specialty Waxes

Gypsum-Bonded Investment

Phosphate-Bonded Investment

Ethyl Silicate–bonded Investment

Clinical Evaluation of Casting Fit

Compensation for Solidification Shrinkage

Preparation of the Master Die

Variables and Principles of Optimal Sprue Design

Casting Ring Liner

Investing Procedure

Casting Procedure

Technical Considerations for Phosphate-Bonded Investment

Causes of Defective Castings

Chapter 11: Materials and Processes for Cutting, Grinding, Finishing, and Polishing

A Brief History of Abrasives

Applications of Abrasives in Dentistry

Benefits of Finishing and Polishing Restorative Materials

Principles of Cutting, Grinding, Finishing, and Polishing

Abrasion and Erosion

Abrasive Instrument Design

Types of Abrasives

Finishing and Polishing Procedures

Dentifrices

Summary and Recommendations

Acknowledgment

Part 3: Direct Restorative Materials

Chapter 12: Bonding and Bonding Agents

Terminology

Historical Background

Applications for Bonding

Mechanisms of Adhesion

Smear Layer

Acid-Etch Technique

Process and Procedural Factors

Dentin Bonding Agents

Luting Agents and Resin Cements

Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Resins

Root Canal Sealers

Glass Ionomer Restoratives

Amalgam Bonding

Pit and Fissure Sealants

Acknowledgement

Chapter 13: Resin-Based Composites

Terminology

History

Applications

Classification

Composition and Function

Properties of Resin-Based Composites

Finishing of Composites

Repair of Composites

Acid Etching

Use of Composites for Resin Veneers

Selection Criteria for Posterior Composites

Innovations in Dental Composites

Acknowledgement

Chapter 14: Dental Cements

Cements for Luting

Cements for Pulp Protection

Cements for Restoratives

Zinc Phosphate Cement

Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)

Metal-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cements

High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Cement

Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Hybrid Ionomer)

Calcium Aluminate Glass Ionomer Cements

Compomer

Resin Cements

Zinc Oxide−Eugenol Cement

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Cements

Root Canal Sealers

Calcium Phosphate Cements

Fluoride-Releasing Materials

Solubility and Disintegration of Cements

Summary

Acknowledgment

Chapter 15: Dental Amalgams

Amalgam Alloys

Amalgamation

Clinical Manipulation of Amalgam for Restorations

Properties of Amalgam

Clinical Performance of Amalgam Restorations

Safety of Amalgam Fillings

Acknowledgements

Part 4: Indirect Restorative Materials

Chapter 16: Dental Casting Alloys and Metal Joining

Historical Perspective on Dental Casting Alloys

Classification of Dental Casting Alloys

Desirable Properties of Dental Casting Alloys

Functional Mechanical Properties of Casting Alloys

Alloys for All-Metal Prostheses

Alloys for Metal-Ceramic Prostheses

Alloys for Removable Partial Dentures

Alternative Technologies for Fabricating Prostheses

Biological Hazards of Base Metal Alloys

Joining of Dental Alloys

Acknowledgements

Chapter 17: Wrought Metals

Deformation of Metals

Effects of Annealing Wrought Metal

Stainless Steel Alloys

Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloys

Nickel-Titanium Alloys

Beta-Titanium Alloys

Additional Wrought Alloys

Direct Filling Gold

Acknowledgment

Chapter 18: Dental Ceramics

What Are Ceramics?

Applications of Ceramics in Dentistry

History of Dental Ceramics

Classification of Dental Ceramics

Metal-Ceramic Systems: Composition and Properties

Fabrication of Metal-Ceramic Prostheses

Cast Metal for Metal-Ceramic Prostheses

Technical Aspects of Metal-Ceramic Products

Methods for Strengthening Ceramics

All-Ceramic Systems

CAD-CAM Processing of Ceramics

Abrasiveness of Dental Ceramics

Clinical Performance of All-Ceramic Restorations

Chemical Attack of Glass-Phase Ceramics by Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride

Porcelain Denture Teeth

Factors Affecting the Color Appearance of Ceramics

Ceramic Veneers, Inlays, and Onlays

Critical Observation and Analysis of Fractures

Principles Governing the Selection of Dental Ceramics

Ident-Ceram System for Identification of Ceramic Products

Chapter 19: Prosthetic Polymers and Resins

Dentures and Denture Base Resins

Fabrication of Dentures

Acrylic Resins

Heat-Activated Denture Base Resins

Compression Molding Technique

Chemically Activated Denture Base Resins

Light-Activated Denture Base Resins

Physical Properties of Denture Base Resins

Miscellaneous Resins and Techniques

Resin Teeth for Prosthetic Applications

Materials for Maxillofacial Prosthetics

Chapter 20: Dental Implants

History of Dental Implants

Classification of Implants

Implant Components

Evaluation of Clinical Success

Implant Biomaterials

Selecting an Implant Biomaterial

Biocompatibility of Implants

Biomechanics

Summary

Chapter 21: Emerging Technologies

Biomaterials

Biological Materials

Instruments and Processes

Environmental Considerations