PROFESSIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS Competencies for Quality Leadership 4th Edition by Anita Finkelman ISBN 9781284153521 1284153525

Chapter 1 Professional Nursing: History and Development of the Nursing Profession

Introduction

From Past to Present: Nursing History

The History Surrounding the Development of Nursing as a Profession

Early History

Rise of Christianity and the Middle Ages

Renaissance and the Enlightenment

Industrial Revolution

Colonization of America and the Growth of Nursing in the United States

Nurse Leaders: History in the Making

Themes: Looking into the Nursing Profession’s History

Professionalism: Critical Professional Concepts and Activities

Nursing as a Profession

Sources of Professional Direction

Professional Nursing Associations

Major Nursing Associations

Why Belong to a Nursing Professional Organization?

Nursing Workforce

The Image of Nursing

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 2 The Essence of Nursing: Knowledge and Caring

Introduction

Nursing: How Do We Define It?

Knowledge and Caring

Knowledge

Knowledge Management

Critical Thinking and Clinical Thinking and Judgment: Impact on Knowledge Development and Application

Caring

Competency

Scholarship in Nursing

What Does Scholarship Mean?

Nursing Theory

Nursing Research

Professional Literature

New Modalities of Scholarship

Multiple Nursing Roles and Leadership

Key Nursing Roles

Provider of Care

Educator

Counselor

Manager

Researcher

Collaborator

Change Agent (Intrapreneur)

Entrepreneur

Patient Advocate

Leader

Summary Points: Roles and What Is Required

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 3 Nursing Education, Accreditation, and Regulation

Introduction

Nursing Education

A Brief History of Nursing Education

Major Nursing Reports: Improving Nursing Education

Entry into Practice: A Long Debate

Differentiated Nursing Practice

Types of Nursing Education Programs

Diploma Schools of Nursing

Associate Degree in Nursing

Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing

Master’s Degree in Nursing

Research-Based Doctoral Degree in Nursing

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Nursing Education Associations

National League for Nursing

American Association of Colleges of Nursing

Organization for Associate Degree Nursing

Quality and Excellence in Nursing Education

Nursing Education Standards

NLN Excellence in Nursing Education

Focus on Competencies

Curriculum

Didactic or Theory Content

Practicum or Clinical Experience

Distance Education

Accreditation of Nursing Education Programs

Critical Nursing Education Problems

Faculty Shortage

Access to Clinical Experiences

A Response and Innovation: Laboratory Experiences and Clinical Simulation

Transforming Nursing Education

Interprofessional Healthcare Education

Regulation

Nurse Practice Acts

State Boards of Nursing

National Council of State Boards of Nursing

Licensure Requirements

National Council Licensure Examination

Critical Current and Future Regulation Issues

Nurse Licensure Compact

Mandatory Overtime

Foreign Nursing Graduates: Entrance to Practice in the United States

Global Health Regulatory Issues

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 4 Success in Your Nursing Education Program

Introduction

Your Pursuit of a Profession: Making the Most of Your Educational Experience to Reach Graduation and Licensure

Roles of the Student and the Faculty

Student Learning Styles

Tools for Success

Time Management

Study Skills

Preparation

Reading

Using Class Time Effectively

Using the Internet

Preparing Written Assignments and Team Projects

Preparing to Take Quizzes and Exams

Participating in Team Discussions in the Classroom and Online

Networking and Mentoring

Clinical Learning Experiences

Clinical Lab and Simulation

Clinical Experiences or Practicums

Additional Learning Experiences to Expand Graduate Competency

Cooperative Experiences

Nurse Internships/Externships

Nurse Residency Programs

Lifelong Learning for the Professional

Certification and Credentialing

Caring for Self

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 5 Health Policy and Political Action

Introduction

Importance of Health Policy and Political Action

Definitions

Policy: Relevance to the Nation’s Health and to Nursing

General Descriptors of U.S. Health Policy

Examples of Critical Healthcare Policy Issues

Cost of Health Care

Healthcare Quality

Disparities in Health Care

Consumers

Commercialization of Health Care

Reimbursement for Nursing Care

Immigration and the Nursing Workforce

Nursing Agenda: Addressing Health Policy Issues

The Policy-Making Process

The Political Process

Nurses’ Role in the Political Process: Impact on Healthcare Policy

Getting into the Political System and Making It Work for Nursing

Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act of 2010

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 6 Ethics and Legal Issues

Introduction

Ethics and Ethical Principles

Definitions

Ethical Principles

Ethical Decision Making

Professional Ethics and Nursing Practice

American Nurses Association Code of Ethics

Reporting Incompetent, Unethical, or Illegal Practices

Critical Ethical Issues in Healthcare Delivery

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse

Ethics and Research

Research: Informed Consent

Research: Risk of Physical Harm

Research: Risk of Psychological Harm

Research: Risk of Social and Economic Harm

Organizational Ethics

Legal Issues: An Overview

Critical Terminology

Malpractice: Why Should This Concern You?

Examples of Issues with Ethical and Legal Implications

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Informed Consent

Rationing Care: Who Can Access Care when Needed

Advance Directives, Living Wills, Medical Powers of Attorney, and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders

Organ Transplantation

Assisted Suicide

Social Media and Ethical and Legal Issues: A New Concern

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 7 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Illness: A Community Perspective

Introduction

A National Initiative to Improve the Nation’s Health: Healthy People 2020

Public/Community Healthcare Delivery System

Structure and Function of the Public/Community Healthcare Delivery System

Continuum of Care

Continuity of Care

Individual, Family, and Community Health

Access to Care

Across the Life Span

Health Disparities

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Health Promotion

Disease Prevention

Important Concepts

Patient as Focus of Care and Member of the Healthcare Team

Vulnerable Populations

Health and Illness

Stress, Coping, Adaptation, and Resilience: A Public/Community Perspective

Acute Illness

Greater Emphasis on Chronic Disease

Medical Home Model

Self-Management

Health Literacy

Multiple Perspectives of Public/Community Health Services

Community Emergency Preparedness

Managing Population Health

Migrant and Immigrant Issues

Home Health Care

School Health

Rehabilitation

Extended Care, Long-Term Care, and Elder Care

End-of-Life Care and Palliative Care

Case Management

Occupational Health Care

Complementary and Alternative Therapies or Integrative Medicine

Genetics

The Changing Nature of Public/Community Health Problems

Violence in Communities

Opioid Epidemic

Global Healthcare Concerns and International Nursing

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 8 The Healthcare Delivery System: Focus on Acute Care

Introduction

Corporatization of Health Care: How Did We Get Here?

The Healthcare Organization

Structure and Process

Classification of Hospitals

Typical Departments in a Hospital

Healthcare Providers: Who Is on the Team?

Healthcare Financial Issues

The Nation’s Health Care: Financial Status (Macro View)

The Individual Healthcare Organization and Its Financial Needs (Micro View)

Reimbursement: Who Pays for Health Care?

The Third-Party Payer System

Government Reimbursement of Healthcare Services

The Uninsured and the Underinsured

The Nursing Organization Within the Hospital

Organizational Culture

Changes in Healthcare Delivery

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 9 Provide Patient-Centered Care

Introduction

The Competency: Provide Patient-Centered Care

Support of Patient-Centered Care

Levels of Patient-Centered Care

Does a Patient-Centered Healthcare System Exist in the United States?

Related Nursing Theories

Consumerism: How Does It Affect Health Care and Nursing?

Who Are the Consumers or Customers?

Patient Rights

Information Resources and Consumers

Patient Satisfaction

Culture, Diversity, and Disparities in Health Care

Culture

Cultural Competence

Disparities in Health Care

Disparities: Examples and Importance

Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce

Patient Advocacy

Care Coordination: A Plan of Care

Application of Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning and Judgment

Nursing Process

Assessment

Diagnosis

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

Care/Concept Mapping

Self-Management of Care

Health Literacy: A Barrier

Patient/Family Education: Inclusion in the Plan of Care

Therapeutic Use of Self in the Nurse–Patient Relationship

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 10 Work in Interprofessional Teams

Introduction

The Core Competency: Work in Interprofessional Teams

Teamwork

Clarification of Terms

Microsystem

Team Leadership

Development of Effective Teams

Improving Team Communication

Overview of Communication

Formal Meetings

Debriefing

Assertiveness

Listening

Mindful Communication

SBAR

Checklists

Healthcare Team Members: Which Knowledge and Competencies Do They Need?

Teams and Decision Making

Collaboration

Coordination

Barriers and Competencies Related to Coordination

Tools to Improve Coordination

Incivility in Healthcare Work Environment

Delegation

Importance of Delegation

Five Delegation Rights

Delegation Principles

Evaluation of Effective Delegation

Change

Conflict and Conflict Resolution

Power and Empowerment

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 11 Employ Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction

The Competency: Employ Evidence-Based Practice

Nursing Research

Historical Background

National Institute of Nursing Research

The Research Process

Types of Research Design

Research Funding

Ethics and Legal Issues

Barriers to and Facilitators of Research

Other Influential Organizations: Impact on Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Definitions

Types of EBP Literature

Searching for EBP Literature: Evidence

The Roles of Staff Nurses Related to Systematic Reviews

Evidence-Based Management

Improving EBP Implementation

Tools to Ensure a Higher Level of Use of EBP

Policies and Procedures Based on EBP

Clinical Guidelines Based on EBP

Confusion: Difference in Research, EBP, and Quality Improvement

Importance of EBP to the Nursing Profession

Impact of Evidence-Based Practice over the Last Decade

Nursing Practice and Management

Nursing Education

Government Initiatives Supporting Research and EBP

Applying EBP as a Student

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 12 Apply Quality Improvement

Introduction

The Competency: Apply Quality Improvement

Quality Health Care

To Err Is Human: Impact on Safety

Crossing the Quality Chasm: Impact on Quality Care

Envisioning the National Healthcare Quality Report: Need for Monitoring

Defining Quality Health Care

Safety in Health Care

Critical Safety Terms

A Culture of Safety and a Blame-Free Work Environment

Staff Safety

Quality Improvement

Examples of Safety Initiatives

The Joint Commission

Healthcare Report Cards

National Quality Strategy

Federal Initiatives to Improve Care: Hospital-Acquired Conditions and 30-Day Unplanned Readmissions

Examples of High-Risk Healthcare Activities

Medication Administration

Care Transitions and Handoffs

Failure to Rescue

Alarm/Alert Fatigue

Missed Nursing Care

Tools and Methods to Monitor and Improve Healthcare Delivery

Utilization Review/Management

Benchmarking

Assessment of Access to Healthcare Services

Medication Reconciliation

Standardized Communication Methods

Rounds

Incident Reports

Sentinel Events

Measurement and Analysis

Data Collection

Analysis

Patient Outcomes and Nursing Care: Do We Make a Difference in Quality Improvement?

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 13 Utilize Informatics

Introduction

The Core Competency: Utilize Informatics

The Federal Health Informatics Reports

Informatics

Description and Definitions

Nursing Standards: Scope and Standards of Nursing Informatics

Certification in Informatics Nursing

Informatics: Impact on Care

Implications for Nursing Education and Nursing Research

Documentation

Meaningful Use

Standardized Terminology

Systems and Terminologies

Informatics: Types and Methods

Automated Dispensing of Medications and Bar Coding

Computerized Monitoring of Adverse Events

Electronic Medical/Health Records

Clinical Provider Order-Entry System

Clinical Decision Support Systems

Tablets and Smartphones

Computer-Based Reminder Systems

Access to Patient Records at the Point of Care

Internet Prescriptions

Nurse Call Systems

Voice Mail and Texting

Telephone for Advice and Other Services

Internet or Virtual Appointments

Online Support Groups for Patients and Families

The Future of Health Informatics and Medical Technology

Nanotechnology

Wearable Computing

Telehealth and Remote Telemetry Monitoring

Robotics

Genetics and Genomics

Medical Devices

HIPAA: Ensuring Confidentiality

High-Touch Care versus High-Tech Care

Nursing Leadership in Health Informatics

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Chapter 14 The Future: Transformation of Nursing Practice through Leadership

Introduction

Leadership and Management in Nursing

Leadership Models and Theories

Shared Governance: Empowering Nursing Staff

Leadership versus Management

Nursing Management Positions

Factors that Influence Leadership

Generational Issues in Nursing: Impact on Image

Power and Empowerment

Assertiveness

Advocacy in Leadership

Scope of Practice: A Profession of Multiple Settings, Positions, and Specialties

Multiple Settings and Positions

Nursing Specialties

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse: Changing Scope of Practice

Professional Practice

Differentiated Nursing Practice

Examples of Professional Practice Models

Impact of Legislation/Regulation/Policy on Nursing Leadership and Practice

Economic Value and the Nursing Profession

The Nursing Work Environment

The Work Environment and Leadership

Workforce Issues and Effective Staffing

Interprofessional Teams and the Work Environment

Improving the Work Environment

Finding the Right Workplace for You

Quality Improvement and Nursing Leadership

Transforming Care at the Bedside

Magnet Recognition Program®

Moving the Profession Forward: Students Are the Future of Nursing

The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health

Progress Report on The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health

Student Leadership

Chapter Highlights

Engaging in the Content

Critical Thinking Activities

Electronic Reflection Journal

Case Studies

Working Backward to Develop a Case

References

Appendix A Quality Improvement Measurement and Analysis Methods

Appendix B Staffing and a Healthy Work Environment

Appendix C Getting the Right Position

Glossary

Index