Examination of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries 4th Edition by Chad Starkey, Sara Brown ISBN 9781719645874 1719645876

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ISBN 10: 1719645876
ISBN 13: 9781719645874
Author: Chad Starkey, Sara Brown

Completely revised and updated, the 4th Edition of the field’s standard resource brings you all field’s most current knowledge and an all-new full-color art program. Its superb combination of detailed illustrations and precise language makes even the most complicated concepts and techniques clear.

Organized by body region, each chapter begins with a review of anatomy and biomechanics; proceeds through clinical evaluation, pathologies, and related special tests; and concludes with a discussion of on-field or initial management of specific injuries.

Examination of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries 4th Edition Table of contents:

Section 1: Foundations of Examination

Chapter 1: Examination Process

Differential Diagnosis

Systematic Examination Technique

The Examination Model

Regional Interdependence

The Role of the Uninjured Paired Structure

Clinical Assessment

History

Physical Examination

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Palpation

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Selective Tissue Tests

Neurological Screening

Vascular Screening

Review of Systems

The Role of Evidence in the Examination Process

Chapter 2: Examination and Management of Acute Conditions

Emergency Planning

Sport-Specific Rules

Critical Findings

The On-Field Examination

Equipment Considerations

Primary Survey

Secondary Survey

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

Palpation of Bony Structures

On-Field Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

On-Field Joint Stability Tests

On-Field Neurological Testing

On-Field Vascular Assessment

Immediate Management

Splinting

Transportation

Disposition

Return-to-Play Decision Making

Chapter 3: Evidence-Based Practice in the Diagnostic Process

The Role of Evidence-Based Practice in Orthopedic Examination and Diagnosis

Fundamentals of Interpreting Research

Reliability

Diagnostic Accuracy

Diagnostic Gold Standard

Diagnostic Predictive Value

Sensitivity and Specificity

Likelihood Ratios

Positive Likelihood Ratio

Negative Likelihood Ratio

Interpreting Likelihood Ratios

Clinical Decision Rules

Clinical Practice Guidelines

Outcome Measures

Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice into Clinical Diagnosis

Use of Evidence in This Text

Chapter 4: Injury Pathology Nomenclature

Tissue Response to Stress

Stress–Strain Relationships

Mechanisms of Injury

Tensile Forces

Compression Forces

Shear Forces

Torsion Forces

Direct Blow

Soft Tissue Pathology

Musculotendinous Injuries

Contusions

Heterotopic Ossification

Joint Structure Pathology

Articular Surface Pathology

Bony Pathology

Exostosis

Apophysitis

Fractures

Neurological and Vascular Pathologies

Peripheral Nerve Injury

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Chapter 5: Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Techniques

Imaging Techniques

Radiography

Computed Tomography Scan

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Bone Scan

Diagnostic Ultrasound

Nerve Conduction Study/Electromyography

Chapter 6: Assessment of Posture

Clinical Anatomy

The Kinetic Chain

Muscular Function

Muscle Imbalances

Noncontractile Soft Tissue Influences

Clinical Examination of Posture

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Views of Postural Inspection

Palpation

Muscle-Length Assessment

Common Postural Deviations

Foot and Ankle

The Knee

Spine and Pelvis

Shoulder and Scapula

Head and Cervical Spine

Regional Interdependence

Documentation of Postural Assessment

Chapter 7: Evaluation of Gait

Observational Gait Analysis

Gait Terminology

Walking Gait Phases

Stance Phase

Swing Phase

Running Gait Cycle

Stance Phase

Swing Phase

General Approach to Patient Evaluation

History

Physical Examination

Observational Gait Analysis Findings

Compensatory Gait Deviations

Quantitative Gait Analysis

Section 2: Lower Extremity Examination

Chapter 8: Foot and Toe Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Zones of the Foot

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscles Acting on the Foot and Toes

Arches of the Foot

Neurological Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of the Foot and Toes

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Examination

Vascular Examination

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Influence of Foot Structure on Pathology

Plantar Heel Pain

Tarsal Coalition

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Metatarsal Fractures

Lisfranc Injuries

Phalangeal Fractures

Intermetatarsal Neuroma

Hallux Rigidus

Hallux Valgus

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprains

Sesamoiditis

On-Field Examination of Foot Injuries

Equipment Considerations

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Joint Function Tests

On-Field Management of Foot Injuries

Plantar Fascia Ruptures

Fractures and Dislocations

Chapter 9: Ankle and Leg Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Related Bony Structures

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscles of the Leg and Ankle

Bursae

Neurological Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of the Ankle and Leg

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Assessment

Vascular Assessment

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Ankle Sprains

Ankle and Leg Fractures

Achilles Tendon Pathology

Peroneal Tendon Pathology

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Stress Fractures

Compartment Syndromes

On-Field Examination of Leg and Ankle Injuries

Equipment Considerations

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

Initial Management of On-Field Injuries

Ankle Dislocations

Compartment Syndrome

Chapter 10: Knee Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

The Menisci

Muscles Acting on the Knee

Neurological Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of Knee Injuries

History

Past Medical History

History of the Present Condition

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Determination of Intracapsular versus Extracapsular Swelling

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Assessment

Vascular Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Uniplanar Knee Sprains

Rotational Knee Instabilities

Meniscal Tears

Osteochondral Lesions

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Popliteus Tendinopathy

Knee Osteoarthritis

Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocations

On-Field Examination of Knee Injuries

Equipment Considerations

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

On-Field Ligamentous Tests

On-Field Management of Knee Injuries

Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocations

Collateral and Cruciate Ligament Sprains

Meniscal Tears

Chapter 11: Patellofemoral Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscular Anatomy and Related Soft Tissues

Bursae of the Extensor Mechanism

Clinical Examination of the Patellofemoral Joint

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological and Vascular Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral Instability

Patellofemoral Tendinopathies

Traumatic Conditions

On-Field Evaluation of Patellofemoral Injuries

Equipment Considerations

On-Field History

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Functional Assessment

Initial Management of On-Field Injuries

Patellar Tendon Rupture and Patellar Fracture

Chapter 12: Pelvis and Thigh Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscular Anatomy

Bursae

Neurological Anatomy

Vascular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of the Pelvis and Thigh

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Iliac Crest Contusion

Muscle Tears

Quadriceps Contusion

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Femoral Stress Fractures

Intra-Articular Pathology

Femoral Acetabular Impingement

Labral Tears

Hip Osteoarthritis

Hip Subluxation

Athletic Pubalgia

Osteitis Pubis

Piriformis Syndrome

Snapping Hip Syndrome (Coxa Saltans)

Bursitis

On-Field Evaluation of Pelvis and Thigh Injuries

Initial Evaluation and Management of On-Field Injuries

Hip Dislocation

Femoral Fracture

Section 3: Torso Examination

Chapter 13: Lumbosacral Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Bony Anatomy

Intervertebral Discs

Articulations, Ligamentous and Fascial Anatomy

Neurological Anatomy

Muscular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of the Lumbar Spine

History

Nonorganic Origin of Pain

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Selective Tissue Tests

Neurological Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Spinal Stenosis

Intervertebral Disc Lesions

Segmental Instability

Erector Spinae Muscle Tears

Spondylopathies

Sacroiliac Pathology

On-Field Examination of Lumbar Spine Injuries

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Neurological Tests

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Management of Lumbar Spine Injuries

Lumbar Spine

Chapter 14: Cervical and Thoracic Spine and Thorax Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Cervical Spine

Thoracic Spine

Intervertebral Discs

Ligamentous Anatomy

Neurological Anatomy

Thorax

Muscular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine and Thorax

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Cervical Radiculopathy

Clinical Cervical Instability

Facet Joint Dysfunction

Brachial Plexus Pathology

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic Spine Pathologies

Thorax Pathologies

Splenic Injury

Kidney Trauma

Commotio Cordis

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Cervical and Thoracic Spine and Thorax Injuries

Brachial Plexus Injury

Thoracic Spine

Rib Fractures

Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

Respiratory Distress

Section 4: Upper Extremity Examination

Chapter 15: Shoulder and Upper Arm Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Bony Anatomy

Joints of the Shoulder Complex

Muscles of the Shoulder Complex

Bursae of the Shoulder Complex

Clinical Examination of Shoulder Injuries

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Testing

Vascular Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Scapulothoracic Articulation Pathology

Sternoclavicular Joint Sprains

Acromioclavicular Joint Pathology

Glenohumeral Instability

Anterior Instability

Nontraumatic Anterior Instability

Traumatic Anterior Instability

Posterior Instability

Acute Posterior Dislocation

Rotator Cuff Pathology

Biceps Tendon Pathology

Adhesive Capsulitis

On-Field Examination of Shoulder Injuries

Equipment Considerations

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Neurological Tests

Initial Management of On-Field Shoulder Injuries

Scapular Fractures

Clavicular Injuries

Chapter 16: Elbow and Forearm Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscular Anatomy

Nerves

Bursae

Clinical Examination of the Elbow and Forearm

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Active Range of Motion

Manual Muscle Testing

Passive Range of Motion

Joint Stability Tests

Neurological Testing

Vascular Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Elbow Dislocations

Fractures About the Elbow

Elbow Sprains

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Radial Collateral Ligament

Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitulum

Epicondylalgia

Lateral Epicondylalgia

Medial Epicondylalgia

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

Nerve Pathology

Forearm Compartment Syndrome

On-Field Examination of Elbow and Forearm Injuries

On-Field History

On-Field Inspection

On-Field Palpation

On-Field Joint and Muscle Function Tests

On-Field Neurological Tests

On-Field Management of Elbow and Forearm Injuries

Elbow Dislocations

Fractures About the Elbow

Chapter 17: Wrist, Hand, and Finger Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

Muscular Anatomy

Nerves

The Carpal Tunnel

Clinical Examination of Injuries to the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

History

Functional Assessment

Inspection

Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Wrist Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Thumb Joint and Muscle Function Assessment: Carpometacarpal Joint

Finger Joint and Muscle Function Assessment

Joint Stability Tests

Wrist and Hand Joint Play Assessment

Neurological Testing

Vascular Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Wrist Pathology

Hand Pathology

Finger Pathology

Thumb Pathology

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Wrist, Hand, and Finger Injuries

Wrist Fractures and Dislocations

Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations

Hand and Finger Fractures

Lacerations

Section 5: Examination of the Head

Chapter 18: Eye Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Eye Structures

Muscular Anatomy

Visual Acuity

Clinical Examination of Eye Injuries

History

Inspection

Functional Assessment

Neurological Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Orbital Fractures

Corneal Abrasions

Corneal Lacerations

Traumatic Iritis

Hyphema

Retinal Detachment

Ruptured Globe

Conjunctivitis

Foreign Body Embedment

On-Field Examination and Management of Eye Injuries

Contact Lens Removal

Orbital Fractures

Penetrating Eye Injuries

Chemical Burns

Chapter 19: Face and Related Structure Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

The Ear

The Nose

The Throat

The Mouth

The Teeth

Muscular Anatomy

Clinical Examination of Facial Injuries

History

Inspection

Functional Assessment

Neurological Testing

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Ear Pathology

Nasal Injuries

Throat Injury

Facial Fractures

Dental Conditions

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

On-Field Examination and Management of Injuries to the Face and Related Areas

Lacerations

Laryngeal Injuries

Facial Fractures

Temporomandibular Joint Injuries

Nasal Fracture and Epistaxis

Dental Injuries

Chapter 20: Head and Acute Cervical Spine Pathologies

Clinical Anatomy

The Brain

The Meninges

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Blood Circulation in the Brain

Examination Scenarios

Evaluation of the Athlete’s Position

Examination of Head Injuries

Determination of Consciousness

History

Inspection

Palpation

Functional Assessment

Cranial Nerve Function

Neurocognitive Function

Vital Signs

Region-Specific Pathologies and Selective Tissue Tests

Traumatic Brain Injury

Concussion

Concussion Assessment Tools

Postconcussion Syndrome

Diffuse Cerebral Swelling (Second impact syndrome)

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Home Instructions

Skull Fractures

Examination of Acute Cervical Spine Injuries

History

Inspection

Functional Assessment

Neurological Assessment

Acute Cervical Spine Trauma

On-Field Examination and Management of Cervical Spine Injuries and the Unconscious Athlete

Equipment Considerations

Initial Inspection

Initial Action

History

Inspection

Neurological Testing

Removing the Athlete From the Field

Appendix A Diagnostic Evidence References

Index

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