Soft Tissue Surgery of the Craniofacial Region 1st Edition by John Persing, Gregory Evans ISBN 9781040163474 1040163475

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ISBN 10: 1040163475
ISBN 13: 9781040163474
Author: John Persing, Gregory Evans

Soft Tissue Surgery of the Craniofacial Region 1st Edition Table of contents:

1. Introduction to Various Lasers

Basic Principles and Therapeutic Uses (Including Side Effects)

Q-Switched Ruby Lasers

Q-Switched Alexandrite Lasers

Q-Switched Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Lasers

Pulsed Dye Lasers

Argon-Pumped Tunable Dye Lasers

Copper Vapor Lasers

KTP Lasers

Krypton Lasers

Carbon Dioxide Lasers

Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Lasers

Argon Lasers

2. Medial and Lateral Canthal Reconstruction

Background

Anatomy of the Lateral and Medial Canthi

Reconstructive Techniques For the Lateral Canthus

Dermal Orbicular Pennant

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Inferior Retinacular Lateral Canthoplasty

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Transpalpebral Lateral Retinacular Suspension

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Lateral Tarsal Strip

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Lateral Canthopexy

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Reconstructive Techniques For the Medial Canthus

Healing By Secondary Intention

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Full-Thickness Skin Grafts

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Local Tissue Flaps

Indications

Techniques

V-Y Advancement Flap

Glabellar Flap

Mustarde Flap

Strengths

Weaknesses

Myocutaneous Flaps

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Medial Canthopexy

Indications

Technique

Medial Canthopexy For Nontraumatic Injuries

Medial Canthopexy For Traumatic Injuries

Strengths

Weaknesses

Medial Tarsal Strip

Indications

Technique

Strengths

Weaknesses

Conclusions

References

3. Eyelid Reconstruction

Introduction

Patient Evaluation

Ocular Surface Disease

Anatomy

Anesthesia

Blepharoplasty

Cosmetic Vs. Functional

Upper Blepharoplasty Technique

Lower Blepharoplasty Technique

Complications

Blepharoptosis

Evaluation

Aponeurotic Vs. Neuromuscular Blepharoptosis

Aponeurotic Blepharoptosis

Neurogenic Blepharoptosis

Myogenic Blepharoptosis

Blepharoptosis Management

External Levator Aponeurosis Advancement Technique

Complications

Ectropion

Involutional Entropion

Tarsal Strip Technique

Cicatricial Entropion

Paralytic Ectropion

Mechanical Ectropion

Entropion

Involutional Entropion

Transcutaneous Lower-Eyelid Retractor Repair

Acute Spastic Entropion

Cicatricial Entropion

Eyelid Retraction

Upper Eyelid Retraction

Lower Eyelid Retraction

Eyelid Reconstruction

Lacrimal Drainage System

Medial Canthal Reconstruction

Anterior Lamellar Reconstruction

Full-Thickness Eyelid Reconstruction

References

4. Lip Reconstruction

Introduction

History

Anatomy

Innervation of the Lips

Vascular Supply

Conditions Requiring Reconstruction

Lip Reconstruction

Post-Traumatic Lip Reconstruction

Lip Anesthesia and Block Techniques

Vermilion

Mucosal Reconstruction

Lower Lip Reconstruction

Nasolabial

Abbe Flap

Estlander Flap

Karapandzic Flap

Gillies Fan Flap

Webster Cheek Advancement Flap (Modified Bernard-Burow)

Upper Lip Reconstruction

Perialar Crescentic Advancement Flap

Distant Flaps

Visor Flap

Free Tissue Transfer

Lip Augmentation

References

5. Scar Revision, Dermabrasion, Local Flaps

Introduction

Scar

Normal Wound Healing and Scar Formation

Abnormal Wound Healing

Noninvasive Measures

Minimally Invasive Measures

Bovine Collagen

Autologous Collagen

Allogeneic Collagen

Autologous Fat Injection

Restylane/Perlane

Radiance

Artecoll®

Dermabrasion

Surgical Approach

Excision

Z-Plasty

W-Plasty

Broken-Line Closure

Local Flaps

Advancement Flaps

Rotational Flaps

Transposition Flaps

Postoperative Care

Complications

Summary

References

6. Microsurgical Reconstruction of Craniofacial Soft-Tissue Defects

Introduction

Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome)

Maxilla

Mandible

Frey’s Syndrome

Mastoidectomies

Recipient Vessels

References

7. Hair Transplantation

Associated Patterns and Types of Baldness

Patient Evaluation

Anesthesia

Surgical Technique

Conclusion

References

8. Forehead/Brow/Soft-Tissue Surgery for Migraines

Introduction

Clinical Presentation of Migraine Headaches/Diagnosis

Surgical Background and Significance

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Patient Selection

Constellation of Symptoms to Aid in Identification of Trigger Sites

The Algorithm For Identification of the Trigger Sites

Surgical Procedures

Frontal Trigger Site

Temporal Trigger Site

Occipital Trigger Site

Intranasal Trigger Site

Inferior Turbinectomy

Middle Turbinectomy

Summary

References

9. Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

The Problem: Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Role of the Speech Pathologist

The Relationship Between Speech Pathologist and Surgeon

Anatomy

Basic Speech Terminology For the Surgeon

History and Physical Examination: Focus of the Initial Consultation

Questions

Findings

Provocative Tests

Airway Evaluation

Instrumental Assessment of Speech

Managing Vpd

Nonsurgical and Treatment Options

Contraindications To Surgery

What About Aberrant Carotid Arteries?

Surgical Procedures For Vpd

Candidates For Pharyngeal Flap

Different Kinds of Pharyngeal Flaps

What is the Appropriate Level and Width of Pharyngeal Flap?

Lining the Pharyngeal Flap

Level of Flap Inset Affects Outcome

Can Lateral Port Size Be Controlled?

Can Specifications of the Pharyngeal Flap Be Tailored to Patient’s Needs?

Basing the Flap Superiorly Or Inferiorly

Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Candidates for Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Operative Technique

Long-Term Outcome of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Postoperative Care

Complications

Axioms

Complex Problems Associated With Vpd Research

Future Diagnostic/Assessment/Treatment Modalities

References

10. The Lacrimal Outflow System

Anatomy

History

The Lacrimal Canalicular System

Trauma

Clinical Findings

Treatment

Canalicular Obstruction

Treatment

Silicone Intubation

Conjunctivorhinostomy (Jones Tube)

Canaliculitis

Clinical Findings

Epidemiology

Pathology

Microbiology

Treatment

Lacrimal Sac and Nqasolacrimal Duct Dacryocystitis

Clinical Presentation

Acute Dacryocystitis

Chronic Dacryocystitis

Epidemiology

Predisposing Factors

Radiological Evaluation

Causes of Obstruction

Chronic Inflammation

Congenital Variations

Associated Nasal Or Sinus Disease

Extrinsic Neoplasia

Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac

Trauma

Types of Injuries

Failures in Management

Summary

Systemic Disease

Dacryoliths

Microbiology of Dacryocystitis

Complications

Treatment

Incision and Drainage

Nasolacrimal Duct Dilatation

Dacryocystorhinostomy

Endoscopic DCR

External DCR

The Simplified External DCR

Dacryocystectomy

Neonatal Dacryocystitis

Epidemiology

Microbiology

Treatment

References

11. Facial Burns: Management and Reconstruction

Introduction

Initial Management of Burns Involving the Face

Facial Burn Wound Management

Adjunctive Nonoperative Techniques

Reconstruction After Facial Burns

Reconstructive Ladder After Burn Scar Excision

Reconstruction of Specific Structures

Scalp

Forehead

Eyebrow

Eyes and Eyelids

Nose

Cheek

Perioral Area

Neck

Ear

Psychological Issues

Conclusion

References

12. Cheek Reconstruction

Introduction

Contour Defects

Cervicofacial Flap

Laterally Based Cervicofacial Flap

Anatomy and Blood Supply

Medially Based Cervicofacial Flap

Technique

Round Block “Purse-String” Suture Method

Technique

Complications

Conclusion

References

13. Traumatic Tattoo

Introduction

Mechanism

Pathophysiology

Treatment Options

Surgical

Mechanical

Chemical

Photothermic

Management

Acute

Chronic

Conclusion

References

14. Composite Reconstruction of Midface Defects

Introduction

General Principles

Local Flaps for Cheek Reconstruction

Cheek Rotation Advancement Flap

Submental Artery Flap

Free Tissue Transfer

Maxillectomy Defect Reconstruction

Soft-Tissue Cheek Reconstruction

Scapular and Parascapular Flaps

Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Other Flaps

Donor Vessels in Cheek Reconstruction

Facial Nerve

Summary

References

15. Blepharoplasty

Introduction

Etiology

Pertinent Anatomy—Normal and Pathologic

Surgical Considerations

General

Persing and Knoll Surgical Technique

Anesthesia

Markings

Upper Eyelids

Lower Lid

Postoperative Care

Complications

Secondary Blepharoplasty

References

16. Cheek Reconstruction: Regional and Microvascular Free-Tissue Transfer

Introduction

Anatomy

Evaluation

Treatment

Local Flaps

Rhomboid Flaps

V-Y Flaps

Skin Grafts

Tissue Expansion

Cervicofacial Flap

Submental Flap

Pectoralis Flap

Trapezius Flap

Supraclavicular Flap

Free-Tissue Transfers

Flap Prefabrication and Prelamination

Complications

Flap Necrosis

Ectropion

Disruption of Hairline

Conclusion

References

17. Facial Fractures

Introduction

Physical Examination and Soft-Tissue Considerations

Neurologic

Scalp

Skin

Eye

Ear

Nose

Throat

Neck

Radiologic Workup of Mandible Fractures

Periapical View

Plain Films

Panoramic Radiography

Occlusal View

Computed Tomography

Radiologic Workup of Midface Fractures

Treatment of Mandible Fractures

Principles of Mandibular Fixation

Orbital Zygomatic Fractures: Orbital and Zygomatico-Maxillary- Complex Fractures

Orbit and Zmc: A Combined Problem and Topic

Initial Physical Examination and Management

Radiographic Assessment

Surgical Approach to the Orbit

Correction of Orbital Anatomy and Orbital Volume

Reduction of the Zygoma

Nasal and Nasal Orbital Ethmoid Fractures

Le Fort and Palatal Fractures

Frontal Sinus Fractures

Staging of Panfacial Fractures

References

18. Rhinoplasty

Introduction

Anatomy

Skin

Muscle

Blood Supply

Nasal Vaults

Nasal Function

Preoperative Assessment

The Initial Consultation

Nasofacial Analysis

Operative Technique

Type of Approach

Anesthesia/Preoperative Preparation

Incision—Closed Approach

Incision—Open Approach

Skin Envelope Dissection

Nasal Dorsum

Septal Reconstruction/Cartilage Graft Harvest

Inferior Turbinoplasty

Cephalic Trim

Spreader Grafts

Tip Modification

Altering Tip Projection

Altering Tip Rotation

Osteotomies

Closure

Postoperative Management

Secondary Rhinoplasty

References

19. Imaging of Soft-Tissue Defects

Introduction

Physical Domain

Informational Domain

Cognitive Domain

Tissue Modeling—Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional

Simulation

Simulation of Surgical Procedures

Simulation of Tissues

Background Research in Tissue Simulation

Early Applications to Surgical Training

Tissue Simulation in Plastic Surgery

Computer-Aided Plastic Surgery: Pre-Op Planning

Datafusion: Perioperative

Discussions and Future Predictions

References

20. Managing the Cleft Nasal Deformity: Controversies in Correction

Introduction

Unilateral Cleft Nasal Deformity

Nasoalveolar Molding

Primary Unilateral Cleft Nasal Repair

Secondary Repair of the Unilateral Cleft Nasal Deformity

Outcomes

Bilateral Cleft Nasal Deformity

Primary Bilateral Cleft Nasal Repair

Secondary Bilateral Cleft Nasal Repair

Outcomes

Conclusion

Summary

References

21. Skin Care (Peels, etc.)

Benefits of Incorporating An On-Site Skin Care Clinic

Skin Care Consultation

Pretreatment

Treatments

Skin Care Products

Sunscreens

Tretinoin

Alpha-Hydroxy Acids

Topical Growth Factors

Topical Vitamin C

Formulation for Hyperpigmentation

Conclusion

References

22. The Subperiosteal Facelift

Introduction

The Anatomic Basis for the Subperiosteal Facelift

Indications for the Subperiosteal Facelift

Methods of Soft-Tissue Suspension

The Open Subperiosteal Facelift

The Endoscopic Subperiosteal Facelift

Surgical Technique

Endoforehead Procedure

Endomidface Procedure

Bichat’s Fat Pad Excision

Fat Grafting

Postoperative Care

Complications

Summary

References

23. Cleft Palate

Introduction

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Embryology

Timing of Surgery

Surgical Methods

Von Langenbeck Palatoplasty

Bardach Two-Flap Palatoplasty

V-Y Pushback/Three-Flap Palatoplasty

Double Opposing Z-Plasty Palatoplasty

Postoperative Care

Complications

Summary

References

24. Aplasia Cutis Congenita

Introduction

Etiology

Epidemiology

Clinical Findings

Pathology

Differential Diagnosis

Complications

Treatment

Prevention

References

25. Mentoplasty

Introduction

Clinical Anatomy

Patient Assessment

Aesthetic Chin Concepts

Alloplastic Materials

Indications, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Materials

Surgical Technique

Complications

Bony Procedures

Indications, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Surgical Technique (Osteotomies)

Complications

Surgical Technique (Osteotomies)

Complications

Summary

References

26. Facial Paralysis

Introduction

Anatomy

Facial Nerves

Facial Muscles

Functional and Aesthetic Problems in Facial Paralysis: Patient Evaluation

“Urgent” Priorities: Corneal Protection

“Not-So-Urgent” Priorities: Examination and Diagnosis

Management

If the Ipsilateral Facial Nerve is Available and the Facial Muscles Are Available

Etiology

Treatment: Nerve Repair and Grafting

Single Branch (Partial) Paralysis

If the Ipsilateral Facial Nerve is Not Available and the Facial Muscles Are Available

Etiology

Treatment

Hypoglossal Nerve and the “Babysitter” Principle

Cross-Facial Nerve Grafting

If Facial Muscles Are Not Available

Etiology

Upper Face and Brow Region

Eyelids

Lower Face

Results

Pediatric Facial Paralysis: Special Considerations

Adjunctive Procedures

Botulinum Toxin

Lower Lip Procedures

Procedures to Manage Facial Aging in Facial Paralysis

Summary

References

Index

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