Oral Cavity Reconstruction 1st Edition by Terry Day, Douglas Girod ISBN 9781040170304 1040170307

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ISBN 10: 1040170307
ISBN 13: 9781040170304
Author: Terry Day, Douglas Girod

Oral Cavity Reconstruction 1st Edition Table of contents:

SECTION I: PRE-TREATMENT EVALUATION

1 Principles and History of Oral Cavity Reconstruction

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Non-vascularized Grafts

Local Tissue Rearrangement

Regional Flap Transfer

Distant Tissue Transfer

Implants and Biomaterials

Conclusion

References

2 Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Related Structures

Introduction

Importance of Structure and Function

Lips

Buccal Mucosa and Cheek

Alveolar Ridges

Retromolar Trigone

Floor of Mouth

Hard Palate

Oral Tongue

Mandible

Function

Conclusion

References

3 Functional Aspects and Physiology of the Oral Cavity

Introduction

Embryology

Oral Competence

Normal

Abnormal

Salivation

Normal

Abnormal

Mastication

Normal

Abnormal

Bolus Formation and Propulsion

Normal

Abnormal

Taste

Normal

Abnormal

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

4 Pathology of Neoplastic Diseases of the Oral Cavity

Introduction

Oral Squamous Malignancy By Anatomic Site

Anatomic Sites

Lips

Buccal Mucosa

Gingiva and Alveolar Mucosa

Retromolar Trigone

Floor of Mouth

Tongue

Palate

Salivary Gland

Oral Lichen Planus (Olp)

Osteoradionecrosis

Melanoma

Sarcoma

Tissue Procurement

Conclusion

References

5 Benign Lesions and Tumors of the Oral Cavity

Introduction

Mucosa and Soft Tissue Traumatic Fibroma (Irritation Fibroma)

Pyogenic Granuloma (Pregnancy Tumor, Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis)

Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (Fibroid Epulis)

Squamous Papilloma

Mucocele

Granular Cell Tumor

Cheilitis Granulomatosa (Miescher’s Cheilitis)

Epulis Fissuratum

Drug-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia

Bone Central Giant Cell Lesion (Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma, Giant Cell Tumor)

Florid Osseous Dysplasia (FOD)

Cherubism

Fibrous Dysplasia (FD)

Langerhans Cell Granulomatosis [Langerhans Cell Histocytosis (LCH)]

Osteosclerosis

Exostosis

Cysts

Periapical Cyst (Radicular Cyst, Root-End Cyst)

Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst)

OKC and the Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Traumatic Bone Cyst

Odontogenic Tumor

Ameloblastoma

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor

Ameloblastic Fibroma

Myxoma

Odontoma

References

6 Planning and Diagnostic Evaluation in Oral Cavity Reconstruction

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

History and Physical Examination

Laboratory and Radiologic Studies

Treatment Planning

Surgical Planning—Incisions

Primary and Neck Resection

Reconstructive Options

Conclusion

References

SECTION II: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

7 Surgical Approaches to the Oral Cavity

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Transoral Approach

Midline Glossotomy

Lip Split with Cheek Flap and Mandibulotomy

Degloving Approach to the Oral Cavity

Midface Degloving Approach

Lingual Release Approach

Transhyoid Approach

Conclusion

References

8 Lip Reconstruction

Introduction

Pertinent Anatomy

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Primary Cutaneous Lip Repair

Skin Grafts

Vermilion Repair

Lip Repair Techniques

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Simple Lip Advancement Flaps

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Circumoral (Karapandzic) Advancement Flaps

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Cross-Lip Flaps

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Gillies ‘‘Fan” Flap

Flaps from Regions Adjacent to the Lip Complex

Melolabial (Nasolabial)

Flaps Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Cheek Advancement (Von Burow-Bernard) Flaps

Technique

Advantage/Disadvantages

Limitations

Island Flaps

Other Cervical-Based Flaps

Temporoparietal Scalp Flap

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Laterally-Based Forehead Flap

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages/Limitations

Deltopectoral Chest Flap

Technique

Advantages/Disadvantages

Limitations

Microvascular Free Flap Lip Reconstruction

Advantages/Disadvan tagesd

Limitations

Summary

References

9 Reconstruction of the Buccal Mucosa and Salivary Ducts

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Split Thickness Skin Grafts and Acellular Human Collagen Matrix

Local Tissue Flaps

Buccal Fat Pad Grafts

Temporalis and Temporoparietal Fascia Flaps

Cervical Pedicled Flaps (Sternocleidomastoid, Platysma, and Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flaps)

Regional Myocutaneous Flaps

Free Tissue Transfer and Buccal Mucosal Reconstruction

Lateral Arm, Latissimus Dorsi, Rectus Abdominus, and Lateral Thigh Flaps

Combined Flaps

Reconstruction of the Parotid (Stensen’s) Duct

Summary

References

10 Ventral Tongue and Floor of Mouth

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Split-Thickness Skin Graft

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Indications

Acellular Allograft Dermal Matrix)

Platysma Myocutaneous Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Indications

Submental Island Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Indications

Nasolabial Flap

Random Cutaneous Nasolabial Flap, Staged Repair

One-Stage Cutaneous Nasolabial ‘‘Island” Flap

Myocutaneous Nasolabial Flap

Indications

Radial Forearm Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Indications

Lateral Arm Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Indications

Conclusion

Problem-Based Discussion

References

11 Reconstruction of Partial Glossectomy Defects

Introduction

Reconstructive Options

Partial Glossectomy Defects (Less Than 25% of the Anterior Mobile Tongue)

Platysma Flap

Submental Flap

Hemiglossectomy Defects (Less Than 50% of the Anterior Mobile Tongue)

Radial Forearm Fasciocutaneous Flap

General

Indications

Anatomical Considerations

Advantages/Disadvantages

Pre-operative Evaluation

Techniques

Harvest:

Subtotal Glossectomy Defects (50–100% of the Anterior Mobile Tongue)

Other Defects

References

12 Reconstruction of the Base of Tongue and Total Glossectomy Defects

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology of the Tongue

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Small Tongue Base Defects

Partial Tongue Base Defects

Subtotal or Total Tongue Base Defects

Subtotal or Total Glossectomy Defects

Pedicled Myocutaneous and Muscular Flaps

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Pedicled Infrahyoid Flap

Fasciocutaneous Free Flaps—Radial Forearm Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Ulnar Forearm Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Lateral Arm Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Scapular and Parascapular Free Flaps

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Lateral Thigh Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Omental Free Flap

Myocutaneous and Muscular Free Flaps—Rectus Abdominis Free Flap

Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Considerations

Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap

Gracilis Free Flap

Tensor Fascia Lata Free Flap

Adjunctive Measures in Tongue Base and Glossectomy Reconstruction

Sensory and Motor Innervation in Tongue Reconstruction

Other Procedures to Improve Swallowing Function

Conclusion

The Future of Base-of-Tongue and Total Glossectomy Reconstruction

References

13 Hard Palate Reconstruction

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Decision Making Tips

Preoperative Considerations

Special Surgical Requirements

Conclusion

References

14 Reconstruction of the Soft Palate and Velopharyngeal Complex

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Prosthetic Therapy

The Dynamic Pharyngoplasty

Asymmetrical Pharyngeal Flap

Conclusion

References

15 Cleft Lip and Palate

Introduction

Epidemiology

Embryology

Evaluation and Planning

Cleft Lip and Palate Classification

Secondary Palate

Timing of Cleft Repair

The Unilateral Cleft Lip Deformity—Pathologic Anatomy

Reconstructive Options

Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Rotation–Advancement Repair of the Unilateral Cleft Lip Deformity

Measurement and Flap Design

The Bilateral Cleft Lip Deformity—Pathologic Anatomy

Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Palatoplasty

Timing of Cleft Palate Repair

von Langenbeck Palatoplasty

Three-Flap Palatoplasty

Two-Flap Palatoplasty

Furlow Palatoplasty

Preferred Techniques

Conclusion

References

16 Dental and Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstruction Options

Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy

Maxillary Defects: Hard Palate

Maxillary Defects: Soft Palate

Mandible/Tongue Defects

Complex Midface Defects

Decision Making Tips

Conclusion

References

17 Mandibular Reconstruction

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Non-Vascularized Grafts

Free Bone Grafts

Reconstructive Bars/Plates

Vascularized Grafts

Pedicled Osteomyocutaneous Flaps

Free Flaps

Location of Mandibular Defects

Anterior Defects

Lateral Defects

Posterior Defects (Condylar)

Conclusion

References

18 Composite Defects of the Oromandibular Complex

Introduction

Relevant Anatomy

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options for The Oromandibular Complex

Regional Tissue Transfer

Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Pedicled Flap (PMMF) Combined With a Reconstruction Plate

Technique

Reconstruction Plate Application

Distant Tissue Transfer

Fasciocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap Combined with a Reconstruction Plate

Technique

Osteocutaneous Fibula Free Flap

Technique

Osteocutaneous RFFF

Prophylactic Internal Fixation of the Radius Bone

OCRFF Modified Harvest Technique

Scapula Osteocutaneous Free Flap

Technique

Multiple Flaps for The Reconstruction of Oromandibular Defects

Implants and Biomaterials

Mandible Substitutes

Decision-Making Tips

References

19 Secondary Oral Cavity Reconstruction

Introduction

Evaluation and Planning

Reconstructive Options

Reconstructive Options for Secondary Composite Defects

Decision-Making Tips

Conclusion

References

SECTION III: POST-RECONSTRUCTIVE ISSUES

20 Speech and Swallowing Rehabilitation

Introduction

Vocal Subsystems

Swallowing

Evaluation Methods and Observations

Instrumental Examination of Voice, Speech, and Swallowing

Voice, Resonance, and Speech Disorders

Treatments for Disorders of Voice, Resonance, and Articulation

Swallowing Disorders

Disturbed Lingual Motility

Delayed Initiation of the Pharyngeal Swallow

Incomplete Hyolaryngeal Excursion

Paretic/Paralytic/Partial Intrinsic Laryngeal Valving

Pharyngeal Paresis/Paralysis

Swallowing Treatment Strategies

Cognitive Stimulation

Modification of Bolus Variables

Compensatory Postures/Positions

Sensitization Techniques

Compensatory Maneuvers

Isometric Exercise

Summary

Appendix A

Swallowing Abnormalities Commonly Associated with Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Resections

References

21 Outcomes Research in Oral Cavity Reconstruction

Introduction

Global Qol Instruments

Head and Neck Instruments

Functional Status After Reconstruction

Qol After Reconstruction

Cost-Effectiveness Issues

Summary

References

22 New Horizons in Oral Cavity Reconstruction

Introduction

Distraction Osteogenesis

Bone Growth Factors

Resorbable Implants

Tissue Engineered Oral Mucosal Lining

Conclusion

References

Index

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