Basic Concepts in Biochemistry A Student’s Survival Guide 2nd Edition by Hiram Gilbert ISBN 0071356576 9780071356572

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ISBN 10:       0071356576
ISBN 13: 978-0071356572
Author:    Hiram F. Gilbert    

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Do you find biochemistry daunting? If so, this time-saving guide offers all the help you need. Compact, yet comprehensive, the second edition of BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY breaks down the complexities of biochemistry into jargon-free, easy-to-remember steps that show you how biochemistry works.And unline reviews that emphasize memorization of facts, this book helps you master the topics that students find most difficult, building your understanding with explanations in everyday language. You’ll comprehend the material and feel more comfortable applying it.Along with enhanced figures, the new edition contains two new chapters – one that outlines the concepts of membranes and membrane proteins, and another that focuses on signal transduction pathways.OTHER FEATURES TO LOOK FOR:Building-block format, providing clear connections between easier and more difficult topics; Empahsis on concepts – not facts – for a handle on any problem;Summary boxes, diagrams, and tables that speed review and clarify key points.BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY has just one goal: to review the toughest concepts in biochemistry in an accessible format so your understanding is thorough and complete.Look for these other BASIC CONCEPTS titles: Cell biology; Embryology; Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology.

Basic Concepts in Biochemistry: A Student’s Survival Guide 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Where to Start

• Instructions
• What Do I Need to Know?
• Instructions for Use
• Studying and Exams
• Trivia Sorter

Chapter 2: Protein Structure

• Amino Acid Structure
• Interactions
• Water
• Hydrophobic Interaction
• van der Waals Interactions and London Dispersion Forces
• Hydrogen Bonds
• Secondary Structure
• Protein Stability
• Favorable (Good) Interactions
• Unfavorable (Bad) Interactions
• Temperature-Sensitive Mutations
• Ligand-Binding Specificity
• Global Conclusion

Chapter 3: Membranes and Membrane Proteins

• General Membrane Function
• Membrane Composition
• Phospholipid Bilayer
• Membrane Structure
• Posttranslational Modification
• Membrane Fluidity
• Diffusion in Membranes
• Movement of Ions and Molecules Across Membranes
• Transport Across Membranes
• The Nernst Equation

Chapter 4: DNA-RNA Structure

• DNA Structure
• DNA Stability
• RNA Secondary Structure

Chapter 5: Expression of Genetic Information

• Information Metabolism
• Directions and Conventions
• DNA Replication
• Types of DNA Polymerase
• Recombination
• Regulation of Information Metabolism
• Transcription
• Regulation of Transcription
• Translation
• Use of High-Energy Phosphate Bonds During Translation

Chapter 6: Recombinant-DNA Methodology

• Restriction Analysis
• Gels and Electrophoresis
• Blotting
• Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism
• Cloning
• Sequencing
• Mutagenesis
• Polymerase Chain Reaction

Chapter 7: Enzyme Mechanism

• Active Site
• Transition State
• Catalysis
• Lock and Key
• Induced Fit
• Nonproductive Binding
• Entropy
• Strain and Distortion
• Transition-State Stabilization
• Transition-State Analogs
• Chemical Catalysis

Chapter 8: Enzyme Kinetics

• S, P, and E (Substrate, Product, Enzyme)
• Amounts and Concentrations
• Active Site
• Assay
• Velocity
• Initial Velocity
• Mechanism
• Little k’s
• Michaelis-Menten Equation
• V[subscript max]
• K[subscript cat]
• K[subscript m]
• Special Points
• k[subscript cat]/K[subscript m]
• Rate Accelerations
• Steady-State Approximation
• Transformations and Graphs
• Inhibition
• Allosterism and Cooperativity
• The Monod-Wyman-Changeaux Model

Chapter 9: Signal Transduction Pathways

• Signal Transduction Pathways
• Organization
• Signals
• Receptors
• Soluble Receptors
• Transmembrane Receptors
• Enzyme Coupled Receptors
• G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Ion-Channel Coupled Receptors
• Second Messengers
• Amplifiers
• Integrators
• Inhibitors

Chapter 10: Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

• Glycolysis Function
• Glycolysis Location
• Glycolysis Connections
• Glycolysis Regulation
• Glycolysis ATP Yields
• Glycolysis Equations
• Effect of Arsenate
• Lactate or Pyruvate
• Gluconeogenesis Function
• Gluconeogenesis Location
• Gluconeogenesis Connections
• Gluconeogenesis Regulation
• Gluconeogenesis ATP Costs
• Gluconeogenesis Equations

Chapter 11: Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation

• Function
• Location
• Connections
• Regulation
• ATP Yield
• ATP Cost
• Molecular Features

Chapter 12: TCA Cycle

• TCA Cycle

Chapter 13: Fat Synthesis and Degradation

• Fatty Acid Synthesis Function
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Location
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Connections
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulation
• Fatty Acid Synthesis ATP Costs (for C[subscript 16])
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Equation
• Elongation and Desaturation
• Triglyceride and Phospholipid Synthesis
• [beta]-Oxidation Function
• [beta]-Oxidation Location
• Carnitine Shuttle
• [beta]-Oxidation Connections
• [beta]-Oxidation Regulation
• [beta]-Oxidation ATP Yield
• [beta]-Oxidation Equation
• [beta]-Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
• [beta]-Oxidation of Odd-Chain-Length Fatty Acids

Chapter 14: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

• Oxidation and Reduction
• The Electron Transport Chain
• Connections
• Regulation
• P/O Ratios
• Uncouplers
• Inhibitors

Chapter 15: Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Chapter 16: Amino Acid Metabolism

• Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis
• Essential Amino Acids
• Amino Acid Degradation
• Generalities of Amino Acid Catabolism
• Products of Amino Acid Degradation

Chapter 17: Integration of Energy Metabolism

• Integrating Metabolic Pathways
• ATP
• Glucose
• Storage Molecules
• Metabolic States and Signals
• Insulin
• Glucagon
• Epinephrine
• Secondary Signals
• Generalities of Metabolism
• Phosphorylation
• Glycogen
• Metabolic Movements of Glycogen
• Fat
• Metabolic Movements of Fat
• Protein
• Metabolic Movements of Protein
• Tissue Cooperation
• Liver
• Muscle
• Adipose
• Brain
• Connection of Storage Pools
• Feeding
• Fasting
• Starvation
• Excitement
• Interorgan Cycles
• Cori Cycle
• Alanine Cycle
• Ketone Bodies

Chapter 18: Urea Cycle

• Urea Cycle

Chapter 19: Purine Metabolism

• Purine Synthesis
• Purine Salvage
• Deoxynucleotides
• Purine Degradation

Chapter 20: Pyrimidine Metabolism

• Pyrimidine Synthesis
• Pyrimidine Salvage
• Pyrimidine Degradation

Chapter 21: One-Carbon Metabolism

• One-Carbon Metabolism
• Oxidation States of Carbon

Chapter 22: Tracking Carbons

• Glucose to Pyruvate
• TCA Cycle

Chapter 23: pH, pK[subscript A], Problems

• Proton: H[superscript +] or H[subscript 3]O[superscript +]
• Acid
• Base
• Not All Acids and Bases Are Created Equal
• pK[subscript a] = -log (K[subscript a])
• Weak Acids Make Strong Bases (and Vice Versa)
• Who Gets the Proton?
• Don’t Forget Stoichiometry
• The Sadistic Little p
• Taking logsubscript 10
• Taking -logsubscript 10
• pH = -log[subscript 10] [H[superscript +]]
• pK[subscript a] = – log[subscript 10] (K[subscript a])
• Buffers
• Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
• Titration Curves
• plIsoelectric Point
• The Bicarbonate Buffer
• Imbalance in Blood pH
• Acidosis and Alkalosis

Chapter 24: Thermodynamics and Kinetics

• Thermodynamics
• Free Energy
• Adding Free-Energy Changes
• Coupling Free Energies
• Thermodynamic Cycles
• [Delta]G = [Delta]H – T[Delta]S
• Driving Force
• Kinetics
• Velocity
• Transition State Theory
• Rate Constants
• Rate Constants and Mechanism

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