Essays on the History of Mechanical Engineering 1st Edition by Francesco Sorge, Giuseppe Genchi 3319226797 9783319226798

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ISBN 10: 3319226797

ISBN 13: 9783319226798

Author: Francesco Sorge; Giuseppe Genchi

This book treats several subjects from the History of Mechanism and Machine Science, and also contains an illustrative presentation of the Museum of Engines and Mechanisms of the University of Palermo, Italy, which houses a collection of various pieces of machinery from the last 150 years. The various sections deal with some eminent scientists of the past, with the history of industrial installations, machinery and transport, with the human inventiveness for mechanical and scientific devices, and with robots and human-driven automata. All chapters have been written by experts in their fields. The volume shows a wide-ranging panorama on the historical progress of scientific and technical knowledge in the past centuries. It will stimulate new research and ideas for those involved in the history of Science and Technology.

Essays on the History of Mechanical Engineering 1st Table of contents:

Part I Eminent Scientists of the Past

1 Lagrange as a Historian of Mechanics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Lagrange: A Biographical Note

3 Science and the French Revolution

4 Historical Considerations in Analytical Mechanics

4.1 First Part: Statics

4.2 Second Part: Dynamics

5 Final Remarks and Conclusion

References

2 Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis and His Handbook of Machine Designs

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Biographical Notes on Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis

3 Main Publications by Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis

4 An Illustrated Survey of the Handbook Collection

5 Conclusions

References

3 Tribute to Reuleaux

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Curves of Constant Width

3 Manganismus

4 Elia Ovazza, Professor of TMM in Palermo Around the End of the 19th Century

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Notes on the History of the Engineering School in Palermo

3 Biographical Notes

4 Main Publications and Activities

5 A Survey of Ovazza’s Contributions

6 Conclusions

References

5 Academician K.V. Frolov at Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Abstract

1 Brief Biography

2 A Postgraduate Student

3 Main Scientific Works

4 Teaching Activity

5 Bauman Moscow State Technical University

5.1 Brief Historical Overview

5.2 Konstantin Vasiljevich Frolov at Bauman University

6 History of Mechanism and Machine Science

7 Folov’s Awards

8 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Part II History of Industrial Installations

6 Historical Watermills. Architectural, Mechanical and Hydraulic Heritage

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Watermills, the Shape of a Landscape, and the Complexity of Heritage

3 Mill’s Surveying

4 The Buildings

5 The Hydraulic Works

6 The Mechanisms

7 Conclusions

References

7 The Mill at the Orbetello Lagoon: Mechanisms and Hydraulic Energy

Abstract

1 History

2 The Mill Today

3 Hydraulic Mechanisms

4 Gearing

5 Conclusions

References

8 The Sulphur Mining Industry in Sicily

Abstract

1 A Brief History of the Sicilian Sulphur Industry from the Mid-19th to the Mid-20th Centuries

2 Inhumane Working Conditions of the “Zolfatari” and “Carusi”

3 Machines for the Extraction of Ore

4 Trade and Export of Sulphur: French and British Merchants

5 Systems for Melting Sulphur

6 The Herman Frasch Process and the End of the Sicilian World Sulphur Monopoly

7 The Cozzo Disi Sulphur Mine in Casteltermini: Project of Restoring and Transforming It into a “Mu

8 The Role of Sulphur in the Italian Government’s Decision to Colonize Libya. An Adventurous Sicilia

References

9 The History of Aircraft Manufacturing at the Bra015Fov IAR Plant

Abstract

1 Human Dream of Flight, an Old Temptation

2 Documents and Committees at the Very Beginning (1924)

3 Land Position and First Products

4 Factory Development

5 Airplanes Built Under License at I.A.R.

6 Airplanes Conceived at Bra015Fov

7 The Performing Aircraft I.A.R.-80

8 The Role of the Engineers of IAR in the Establishment of Higher Technical Education at Bra015Fov

9 Conclusions. What Has Happened Since 1944

References

10 Science, Technology and Industry in Southern Italy Before the Unification

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 A Brief Survey on the Financial Resources and Welfare

2.1 Financial Resources

2.2 Social Welfare

3 Science

3.1 Seismology and Mineralogy

3.2 Cartography

3.3 Universities

3.4 Further Scientific Primacies

4 Industry

4.1 The Steelworks at Mongiana

4.2 The Shipyards of Castellammare

4.3 Pietrarsa Heavy Metal Works

4.4 The Rail System

4.5 The Shipping Companies

4.6 The Textile Industries

4.7 Other Industries

5 Conclusions

References

11 Medium Size Companies of Mechanical Industry in Northern Italy During the Second Half of the 19th

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 A Short Account of the History of Italy

3 Mechanical Industry and Middle Size Companies in the 19th Century

4 Medium-Size Companies in Northern Italy

4.1 Alessandro Calzoni S.P.A in Bologna

4.2 Riva Company in Milan

4.3 Filotecnica Salmoiraghi in Milan

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Part III History of Machinery and Transport

12 The Museum of Engines and Mechanisms. More Than a Century of History of Technology

Abstract

1 The Museum

2 The Collections

3 Stationary Engines

4 Aircraft Engines

5 The FIAT G.59

6 Automotive Engines

7 Scientific and Didactic Devices

References

13 History of the Trains Used on the Spanish Railway Line Madrid–Almorox

Abstract

1 Extended Summary

2 Short Story of the Line

3 Some Economic Data on the Madrid–Almorox Line

4 Civil Infrastructure

5 Story of the Rolling Stock Used on the Madrid–Almorox Line

Bibliography

14 Airship—The American Dream by Quirico Filopanti, 1851

Abstract

1 The Rediscovered Manuscripts

2 More on the Inventor

3 The Main Idea of the Air-Ship

4 The Description of the Air-Ship

5 Introduction

6 On The Most Proper Form of Airship (the Shape)

7 Necessity of Large Dimensions

8 The Moving Power

9 The Shape and Construction of the Wings

10 A Comparison with Other Air-Ships and a Jumbo

11 Conclusions

References

Part IVHuman Inventiveness for Mechanicaland Scientific Devices

15 Archimedes’ Screw in the Four Books “De Cochlea” by Guido Ubaldo del Monte [Santa Maria]—Veni

Abstract

1 A Short History on the Studies of the Machine

2 The Content of the Four Volumes

3 The Introduction

4 The Content of the First Book

5 The Content of the Second Book

6 The Content of the Third Book

7 The Content of the Fourth Book

8 The Language Used by Guido Ubaldo

9 Other Authors of the Period

10 The Theory in 1700

11 The Working Models

12 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

16 On the Birth and Growth of Pendulum Clocks in the Early Modern Era

Abstract

1 The Art of Clock-Making Throughout the Centuries

1.1 Ancient Times: The Egyptian, Greek and Roman Ages

1.2 The Middle Ages

1.3 From Galilei’s Pendulum to the Modern Mechanical Clock Regulation

2 Pendular Motion

2.1 The Pendulum Isochronism

2.2 The Structure of Galilei’s Clock Mechanism. Ideal and Actual Operation

3 Conclusive Remarks

Acknowledgement

References

17 Machine Designs and Drawings in Renaissance Editions of de Architectura by Marcus Vitruvius Polli

Abstract

1 Vitruvius and His Work

2 A Comparative Analysis of Machine Designs

2.1 Archimedes’ Screw Pump

2.2 Hydraulic Flour Mill

2.3 Cranes

2.4 War Machines

3 Conclusions

References

18 Trompes or Water Bellows. A Way of Producing Wind Through the Fall of Water

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Primitive and Ancient Bellows

3 Origin of Trompes

4 The Technique of Trompes

5 Pipe Organs and Wind Instruments

6 Success and Diffusion of Trompes

7 Engineering Analysis

8 Conclusions

References

19 Determination of Torsional Stresses in Shafts: From Physical Analogies to Mathematical Models

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Electrical Analogies

2.1 Electrical Analogies for the Analysis of Torsion in Shafts with Constant Cross-Section

2.2 Electrical Analogies for the Analysis of Torsion in Axisymmetric Shafts

3 Numerical Methods for the Study of Torsion

3.1 Shafts in Constant Cross Section

3.2 Axysimmetric Shafts

4 Considerations and Conclusions

References

Part V Robots and Human-DrivenAutomata

20 The Automaton Nysa: Mechanism Design in Alexandria in the 3rd Century BC

Abstract

1 The Statue of Nysa

2 The Grand Procession

3 Some Preliminary Remarks

4 How Was the up and Down Movement Generated? by Means of a Linkage?

5 The up and Down Movement Generated by Means of a Cam!

6 Was the Movement Slowed Down?

7 Presentation in Some Detail of Two Possible Mechanical Solutions for the Nysa Cart Mechanism

8 How Was the Offering of Milk Poured?

9 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

21 Hindu Temple Carts—Rathams

Abstract

1 Vedic Period

2 The Mohenjo-Daro Mystery

3 The Trinity Test and After

4 Hindu Temples and Chariots (Rathams or Thers)

5 Chariots and Procession

6 Ther Structure Analyzed

7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

22 Robots: An Evolving Species

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Robotic Evolution

3 The Red Cable

4 Robots in the Museum

5 Intelligent Robotics in History with an Eye Towards the Future

6 Special Intelligence

7 Description of the Robotic Mobile Platform

7.1 Exploration and Automatic Navigation, with Perfect Understanding of the Environment and People

8 Applications

9 Conclusions

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