A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics And Hydraulic Machines 9th Edition by Bansal 8131808157 9788131808153

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ISBN 10: 8131808157

ISBN 13: 9788131808153

Author: P. K. Bansal 

“A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines” (9th Edition) is a comprehensive guide designed for engineering students and professionals. The book, authored by Dr. R. K. Bansal, provides an in-depth understanding of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. This edition combines theoretical concepts with practical applications, making it suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics And Hydraulic Machines 9th Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Properties of Fluids

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Properties of Fluids

1.2.1. Density or Mass Density

1.2.2. Specific Weight or Weight Density

1.2.3. Specific Volume

1.2.4. Specific Gravity

Solved Problems 1.1-1.2

1.3. Viscosity

1.3.1. Units of Viscosity

1.3.2. Kinematic Viscosity

1.3.3. Newton’s Law of Viscosity

1.3.4. Variation of Viscosity with Temperature

1.3.5. Types of Fluids Solved Problems 1.3-1.19

1.4. Thermodynamic Properties

1.4.1. Dimension of R

1.4.2. Isothermal Process

1.4.3. Adiabatic Process

1.4.4. Universal Gas Constant Solved Problems 1.20-1.22

1.5. Compressibility and Bulk Modulus

Solved Problems 1.23-1.24

1.6. Surface Tension and Capillarity

1.6.1. Surface Tension on Liquid Droplet

1.6.2. Surface Tension on a Hollow Bubble

1.6.3. Surface Tension on a Liquid Jet Solved Problems 1.25-1.27

1.6.4. Capillarity

Solved Problems 1.28-1.32

1.7. Vapour Pressure and Cavitation Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 2. Pressure and Its Measurement

2.1. Fluid Pressure at a Point

2.2. Pascal’s Law

2.3. Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

Solved Problems 2.1-2.7

2.4. Absolute, Gauge, Atmospheric and Vacuum Pressures

Solved Problem 2.8

2.5. Measurement of Pressure

2.5.1. Manometers

2.5.2. Mechanical Gauges

2.6. Simple Manometers

2.6.1.

2.6.2.

Piezometer

U-tube Manometer

Solved Problems 2.9-2.13

2.6.3. Single Column Manometer

Solved Problem 2.14

2.7. Differential Manometers

2.7.1. U-tube Differential Manometer Solved Problems 2.15-2.17

2.7.2. Inverted U-tube Differential Manometer Solved Problems 2.18-2.21

2.8. Pressure at a Point in Compressible Fluid

2.8.1. Isothermal Process

2.8.2. Adiabatic Process

2.8.3. Temperature at any Point in Compressible Fluid

2.8.4.

Temperature Lapse-Rate (L)

Solved Problems 2.22-2.26

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 3. Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure

3.3. Vertical Plane Surface Sub-merged in Liquid Solved Problems 3.1-3.12

3.4. Horizontal Plane Surface Sub-merged in Liquid Solved Problem 3.13

3.5. Inclined Plane Surface Sub-merged in Liquid Solved Problems 3.14(a)-3.21

3.6. Curved Surface Sub-merged in Liquid

Solved Problems 3.22-3.31

3.7. Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure on Lock Gates

Solved Problems 3.32-3.33

3.8. Pressure Distribution in a Liquid Subjected to Constant Horizontal/Vertical Acceleration

3.8.1. Liquid Containers Subject to Constant Horizontal Acceleration

Solved Problems 3.34-3.36

3.8.2. Liquid Containers Subjected to Constant

Vertical Acceleration

Solved Problems 3.37-3.38

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 4. Buoyancy and Floatation

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Buoyancy

4.3. Centre of Buoyancy

Solved Problems 4.1-4.6

4.4. Meta-centre

4.5. Meta-centric Height

4.6. Analytical Method for Meta-Centre Height

Solved Problems 4.7-4.11

4.7. Conditions of Equilibrium of a Floating and Sub-merged Bodies

4.7.1. Stability of a Sub-merged Body

4.7.2. Stability of a Floating Body Solved Problems 4.12-4.18

4.8. Experimental Method of Determination of Meta-centric Height

Solved Problems 4.19-4.20

4.9. Oscillation (Rolling) of a Floating Body

Solved Problems 4.21-4.22

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 5. Kinematics of Flow and Ideal Flow

A. KINEMATICS OF FLOW

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Methods of Describing Fluid Motion

5.3. Types of Fluid Flow

5.3.1. Steady and Unsteady Flows

5.3.2. Uniform and Non-uniform Flows

5.3.3. Laminar and Turbulent Flows

5.3.4. Compressible and Incompressible Flows

5.3.5. Rotational and Irrotational Flows

5.3.6. One, two and Three-Dimensional Flows

5.4. Rate of Flow or Discharge (Q)

5.5. Continuity Equation

Solved Problems 5.1-5.5

5.6. Continuity Equation in Three-Dimensions

5.6.1. Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Polar Co-ordinates

Solved Problems 5.5A

5.7. Velocity and Acceleration

5.7.1. Local Acceleration and Convective Acceleration

Solved Problems 5.6-5.9

5.8. Velocity Potential Function and Stream Function

5.8.1. Velocity Potential Function

5.8.2. Stream Function

5.8.3. Equipotential Line

5.8.4. Line of Constant Stream Function

(xii)

5.8.5.

Flow Net

5.8.6.

Relation between Stream Function and Velocity Potential Function

Solved Problems 5.10-5.17

5.9. Types of Motion

5.9.1.

Linear Translation

5.9.2. Linear Deformation

5.9.3. Angular Deformation or Shear Deformation

5.9.4. Rotation

5.9.5. Vorticity

Solved Problems 5.18-5.19

5.10. Vortex Flow

5.10.1. Forced Vortex Flow

5.10.2. Free Vortex Flow

5.10.3. Equation of Motion for Vortex Flow

5.10.4. Equation of Forced Vortex Flow Solved Problems 5.20-5.25

5.10.5. Closed Cylindrical Vessels Solved Problems 5.26-5.31

5.10.6. Equation of Free Vortex Flow Solved Problem 5.32

(B) IDEAL FLOW (POTENTIAL FLOW)

5.11. Introduction

5.12. Important Cases of Potential Flow

5.13. Uniform Flow

5.13.1. Uniform Flow Parallel to x-Axis

5.13.2. Uniform Potential Flow Parallel to y-Axis

5.14. Source Flow

5.15. Sink Flow

Solved Problems 5.33-5.35

5.16. Free-Vortex Flow

5.17. Super-Imposed Flow

5.17.1. Source and Sink Pair Solved Problems 5.36-5.37

5.17.2. Doublet Solved Problem 5.38

5.17.3. A Plane Source in a Uniform Flow (Flow Past a Half-Body)

Solved Problems 5.39-5.41

5.17.4. A Source and Sink Pair in a Uniform Flow

(Flow Past a Rankine Oval Body)

Solved Problem 5.42

5.17.5. A Doublet in a Uniform Flow (Flow Past a Circular Cylinder)

Solved Problems 5.43-5.44

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 6. Dynamics of Fluid Flow

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Equations of Motion

6.3. Euler’s Equation of Motion

6.4. Bernoulli’s Equation from Euler’s Equation

6.5. Assumptions

Solved Problems 6.1-6.6

6.6. Bernoulli’s Equation for Real Fluid

Solved Problems 6.7-6.9

6.7. Practical Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation

Venturimeter Solved Problems 6.10-6.21

6.7.1.

6.7.2.

Orifice Meter or Orifice Plate

Solved Problems 6.22-6.23

6.7.3. Pitot-tube

Solved Problems 6.24-6.28

6.8. The Momentum Equation

6.9. Moment of Momentum Equation

Solved Problems 6.29-6.35

Solved Problems 6.36-6.37

6.10. Free Liquid Jets

Solved Problems 6.38-641

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 7. Orifices and Mouthpieces

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Classifications of Orifices

7.3. Flow Through an Orifice

7.4. Hydraulic Co-efficients

Co-efficient of Velocity (C)

7.4.1.

7.4.2. Co-efficient of Contraction (C)

7.4.3.

Co-efficient of Discharge (C)

Solved Problems 7.1-7.2

7.5. Experimental Determination of Hydraulic Co-efficients

7.5.1.

Determination of Co-efficient of Discharge (C)

7.5.2.

Determination of Co-efficient of Velocity (C)

7.5.3.

Determination of Co-efficient of Contraction (C)

Solved Problems 7.3-7.10

7.6.1. Discharge Through Large

Rectangular Orifice Solved Problems 7.11-7.13

7.6. Flow Through Large Orifices

7.7. Discharge Through Fully Sub-merged Orifice

Solved Problems 7.14-7.15

7.8. Discharge Through Partially Sub-merged Orifice

Solved Problem 7.16

7.9. Time of Emptying a Tank Through an Orifice at its Bottom

Solved Problems 7.17-7.18

7.10. Time of Emptying a Hemispherical Tank

Solved Problems 7.19-7.21

7.11. Time of Emptying a Circular Horizontal Tank Solved Problems 7.22-7.23

7.12. Classification of Mouthpieces

7.13. Flow Through an External Cylindrical Mouthpiece

Solved Problems 7.24-7.25

7.14. Flow Through a Convergent-Divergent Mouthpiece

Solved Problems 7.26-7.28

7.15. Flow Through Internal or Re-entrant on Borda’s Mouthpiece

Solved Problem 7.29

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 8. Notches and Weirs

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Classification of Notches and Weirs

8.3. Discharge Over a Rectangular Notch or Weir

Solved Problems 8.1-8.3

8.4. Discharge Over a Triangular Notch or Weir Solved problems 8.4-8.6

8.5. Advantages of Triangular Notch or Weir over Rectangular Notch or Weir

8.6. Discharge Over a Trapezoidal Notch or Weir

Solved Problem 8.7

8.7. Discharge Over a Stepped Notch

Solved Problem 8.8

8.8. Effect on Discharge Over a Notch or Weir Due to Error in the Measurement of Head

8.8.1.

For Rectangular Weir or Notch

8.8.2.

For Triangular Weir or Notch Solved Problems 8.9-8.11

8.9.

(a) Time Required to Empty a Reservoir or a Tank with a Rectangular Weir or Notch

(b) Time Required to Empty a Reservoir or a Tank with a Triangular Weir or Notch

Solved Problems 8.12-8.14

8.10. Velocity of Approach

Solved Problems 8.15-8.19

8.11. Empirical Formulae for Discharge Over Rectangular Weir

Solved Problems 8.20-8.22

8.12. Cipolletti Weir or Notch

Solved Problems 8.23-8.24

8.13. Discharge Over a Broad-Crested Weir

8.14. Discharge Over a Narrow-Crested Weir

8.15. Discharge Over an Ogee Weir

8.16. Discharge Over Sub-merged or Drowned Weir

Solved Problems 8.25-827

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 9. Viscous Flow

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Flow of Viscous Fluid Through Circular Pipe Solved Problems 9.1-9.6

9.3. Flow of Viscous Fluid between Two Parallel Plate Solved Problems 9.7-9.12

9.4. Kinetic Energy Correction and Momentum Correction Factors

Solved Problem 9.13

9.5. Power Absorbed in Viscous Flow

9.5.1. Viscous Resistance of Journal Bearings Solved Problems 9.14-9.18

9.5.2.

Viscous Resistance of Foot-step Bearing Solved Problems 9.19-9.20

9.5.3. Viscous Resistance of Collar Bearing Solved Problems 9.21-9.22

9.6. Loss of Head Due to Friction in Viscous Flow Solved Problems 9.23-9.24

9.7. Movement of Piston in Dash-pot

Solved Problem 9.25

9.8. Methods of Determination of Co-efficient of Viscosit

9.8.1. Capillary Tube Method

9.8.2. Falling Sphere Resistance Method

9.8.3.

Rotating Cylinder Method

9.8.4.

Orifice Type Viscometer

Solved Problems 9.26-9.32

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 10. Turbulent Flow

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Reynolds Experiment

10.3. Frictional Loss in Pipe Flow

10.3.1. Expression for Loss of Head Due to Friction in Pipes

10.3.2. Expression for Co-efficient of Friction in Terms of Shear Stress

10.4. Shear Stress in Turbulent Flow

10.4.1. Reynolds Expression for Turbulent Shear Stress

10.4.2. Prandtl Mixing Length Theory for Turbulent Shear Stress

10.5. Velocity Distribution in Turbulent Flow in Pipes

10.5.1. Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Boundaries

10.5.2. Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipes

10.5.3. Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Rough Pipes

Solved Problems 10.1-10.4

10.5.4. Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Terms of Average Velocity

Solved Problems 10.5-10.6

10.5.5. Velocity Distribution for Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipes by Power Law

10.6. Resistance of Smooth and Rough Pipes

Solved Problems 10.7-10.13

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 11. Flow Through Pipes

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Loss of Energy in Pipes

11.3. Loss of Energy (or head) Due to Friction Solved Problems 11.1-11.7

11.4. Minor Energy (Head) Losses

Loss of Head Due to Sudden Enlargement

11.4.2. Loss of Head Due to Sudden Contraction

Solved Problems 11.8-11.14

11.4.3.

Loss of Head at the Entrance of a Pipe

11.4.4. Loss of Head at the Exit of Pipe

11.4.5.

Loss of Head Due to an Obstruction in a Pipe

11.4.6. Loss of Head Due to Bend in Pipe

11.4.7. Loss of Head in Various Pipe Fittings Solved Problems 11.15-11.21

11.5. Hydraulic Gradient and Total Energy Line

Hydraulic Gradient Line

11.5.2. Total Energy Line

Solved Problems 11.22-11.26

11.6. Flow Through Syphon

Solved Problems 11.27-11.29

11.7. Flow Through Pipes in Series or Flow Through Compound Pipes

Solved Problems 11.30-11.30A

11.8. Equivalent Pipe

Solved Problem 11.31

11.9. Flow Through Parallel Pipes

Solved Problems 11.32-11.41

11.10. Flow Through Branched Pipes

Solved Problems 11.42-11.44

11.11. Power Transmission Through Pipes

11.11.1. Condition for Maximum Transmission of Power

11.11.2. Maximum Efficiency of Transmission of Power

Solved Problems 11.45-11.47

11.12. Flow Through Nozzles

11.12.1. Power Transmitted Through Nozzle

11.12.2. Condition for Maximum Power Transmitted Through Nozzle

11.12.3. Diameter of Nozzle for Maximum

Transmission of Power Through Nozzle

Solved Problems 11.48-11.51

11.13. Water Hammer in Pipes

11.13.1. Gradual Closure of Valve

11.13.2. Sudden Closure of Valve and Pipe is Rigic

11.13.3. Sudden Closure of Valve and Pipe is Elas

11.13.4. Time Taken by Pressure Wave to Travel from the Valve to the Tank and from Tank to the Valve

Solved Problems 11.52-11.55

11.14. Pipe Network

11.14.1. Hardy Cross Method

Solved Problem 11.56

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 12. Dimensional and Model Analysis

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Secondary or Derived Quantities

Solved Problem 12.1

12.3. Dimensional Homogeneity

12.4. Methods of Dimensional Analysis

12.4.1. Rayleigh’s Method Solved Problems 12.2-12.7

12.4.2. Buckingham’s -Theorem

12.4.3. Method of Selecting Repeating Variables

12.4.4.

Procedure for Solving Problems by

Buckingham’s π-Theorem

Solved Problems 12.8-12.14

12.5. Model Analysis

12.6. Similitude-Types of Similarities

12.7. Types of Forces Acting in Moving Fluid

12.8. Dimensionless Numbers

12.8.1. Reynold’s Number (R)

12.8.2. Froude’s Number (F)

12.8.3. Euler’s Number (E)

12.8.4. Weber’s Number (W)

12.8.5. Mach’s Number (M)

12.9. Model Laws or Similarity Laws

12.9.1. Reynold’s Model Law Solved Problems 12.15-12.18

12.9.2. Froude Model Law Solved Problems 12.19-12.27

12.9.3. Euler’s Model Law

12.9.4. Weber Model Law

12.9.5. Mach Model Law

Solved Problem 12.28

12.10. Model Testing of Partially Sub-merged Bodies

Solved Problems 12.29-12.32

12.11. Classification of Models

12.11.1. Undistorted Models

12.11.2. Distorted Models

12.11.3. Scale Ratios for Distorted Models

Solved Problem 12.33

Highlights

Exercise

Chapter 13. Boundary Layer Flow

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Definitions

13.2.1. Laminar Boundary Layer

13.2.2. Turbulent Boundary Layer

13.2.3. Laminar Sub-layer

13.2.4. Boundary Layer Thickness (8)

13.2.5.

Displacement Thickness (8*)

13.2.6. Momentum Thickness (0)

13.2.7.

Energy Thickness (8**)

Solved Problems 13.1-13.2

13.3. Drag Force on a Flat Plate Due to Boundary Layer

13.3.1. Local Co-efficient of Drag [CD]

13.3.2. Average Co-efficient of Drag [CD]

13.3.3. Boundary Conditions for the Velocity Profiles

Solved Problems 13.3-13.12

13.4. Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

Solved Problem 13.13

13.5. Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layer

13.6. Total Drag on a Flat Plate Due to Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layer

Solved Problems 13.14-13.17

13.7. Separation of Boundary Layer

13.7.1. Effect of Pressure Gradient on Boundary Layer Separation

13.7.2. Location of Separation Point

Solved Problem 13.18

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