ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Mirrors for the Mind 1st edition by Harry Henderson ISBN 0816057494  978-0816057498

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ISBN 10: 0816057494
ISBN 13: 978-0816057498
Author:  Harry Henderson

In the 1950s, a new field, cognitive psychology, emerged as a dialogue between the growing capabilities of digital computers and the study of human cognition and perception. Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers began to develop models of perception, reasoning, knowledge organization, and natural language communication. They also created neural networks, expert systems, and other software with practical applications. AI models, in turn, have offered provocative insights into the human mind; now, new developments in virtual community and cyberspace point toward a future in which human and computer minds will interact in increasingly complex ways. Ultimately, AI research compels us to ask what it is that makes us human.

Artificial Intelligence presents dynamic new portraits of the men and women in the vanguard of this innovative field. Subjects include Alan Turing, who made the connection between mathematical reasoning and computer operations; Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, who created a program that could reason like a human being; Pattie Maes, who developed computerized agents to help people with research and shopping; and Ray Kurzweil, who, besides inventing the flatbed scanner and a reading machine for the blind, has explored relationships between people and computers that may exceed human intelligence.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Mirrors for the Mind 1st Table of contents:

Preface

• Introduction to AI: Understanding the Mind-Mirror Concept
• The Metaphor of Mirrors: Reflections of Human Intelligence
• Structure of the Book and How to Approach the Material
• Intended Audience and Prerequisites

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Part I: Foundations of Artificial Intelligence

1. What is Artificial Intelligence?

   • Definition and Scope of AI
   • Historical Development of AI: From Turing to Modern Machines
   • Types of AI: Narrow AI, General AI, and Superintelligence
   • The Philosophical Foundations of AI: Can Machines Think?
   • Key Concepts and Challenges in AI Development

2. Cognitive Science and the Mirror of the Mind

   • Understanding Human Cognition: Memory, Perception, Reasoning, and Learning
   • Cognitive Models and Their Role in AI
   • How AI Models Aim to Reflect Human Thought Processes
   • The Interdisciplinary Nature of AI: Neuroscience, Psychology, and Philosophy

3. Building Blocks of AI: Algorithms and Architectures

   • Search Algorithms and Problem Solving
   • Knowledge Representation: Symbols, Logic, and Frames
   • Learning Algorithms: Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning
   • Neural Networks and Deep Learning: Mimicking the Brain
   • Evolutionary Algorithms: Inspiration from Nature

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Part II: The Mind-Mirror: Emulating Human Intelligence

4. Perception: The First Step in AI

   • Sensorimotor Systems: How AI Perceives the World
   • Image Recognition and Computer Vision
   • Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP)
   • Auditory and Sensory Perception: AI’s Use of Multimodal Inputs
   • AI’s Challenges in Understanding Complex Sensory Data

5. Reasoning and Problem Solving in AI

   • Logic-Based AI: Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
   • Heuristics and Decision Making in Problem Solving
   • The Role of Planning and Inference in Intelligent Behavior
   • Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Making Sense of the World
   • Common Sense Reasoning: How AI Struggles with “Everyday Knowledge”

6. Learning: AI’s Reflection of Human Learning

   • Supervised Learning: Teaching AI with Labeled Data
   • Unsupervised Learning: Discovering Patterns in Data
   • Reinforcement Learning: Trial and Error as a Learning Process
   • Transfer Learning: Transferring Knowledge Between Domains
   • Cognitive Models in Machine Learning: Mimicking Human Learning Processes

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Part III: Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness

7. Consciousness: Can AI Be Conscious?

   • Defining Consciousness: The Hard Problem
   • Theories of Consciousness: From Cartesian Dualism to Integrated Information Theory
   • AI and the Question of Sentience
   • Can AI Machines Experience the World or Just Simulate It?
   • The Ethics and Implications of Conscious Machines

8. Emotions and AI: Affect and Social Intelligence

   • Emotional Intelligence in Humans: The Role of Affect in Cognition
   • Can AI Understand and Express Emotions?
   • Affective Computing: Creating Machines with Emotional Sensitivity
   • The Role of Empathy in Human-AI Interaction
   • Robots and Emotions: Ethical and Social Considerations

9. Self-Awareness and Identity in AI

   • Self-Reflection in Humans: The Sense of “I”
   • Can Machines Be Self-Aware?
   • Building Self-Modeling Systems in AI
   • The Mirror Test: Can AI Pass the Test for Self-Awareness?
   • AI and the Evolution of Identity: The Role of Autonomy and Reflection

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Part IV: The Social and Ethical Implications of AI

10. AI and the Human Mind: Collaboration or Competition?

    • AI’s Role in Enhancing Human Abilities
    • The Augmentation vs. Replacement Debate
    • AI as a Tool: Empowering Humans or Replacing Jobs?
    • Brain-Computer Interfaces and AI: Blurring the Lines Between Human and Machine
    • Ethical Considerations: Can AI Make Decisions for Us?

11. Bias, Fairness, and Accountability in AI

    • The Problem of Bias in AI Systems
    • Fairness and Equity in AI Algorithms
    • Accountability and Transparency: Ensuring AI Systems Are Responsible
    • The Role of Regulation and Governance in AI Development
    • Ethical AI Design: Mitigating Harm and Ensuring Justice

12. The Future of AI: A Mirror to Humanity’s Future

    • Will AI Ever Achieve General Intelligence?
    • The Promise and Perils of AI in Society
    • The Evolution of Human-AI Partnerships
    • Ethical Dilemmas in the Age of AI: From Autonomous Weapons to Human Rights
    • The Future of AI and the Human Mind: A Vision for Collaboration

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Part V: Conclusion: Mirrors or Masters?

13. Reflections on the Mind-Mirror Concept
    • How AI Reflects and Amplifies Human Intelligence
    • Understanding the Limits of AI as a Mirror of Human Thought
    • The Promise and Perils of Emulating the Human Mind
    • What Does the Rise of AI Mean for Our Understanding of Consciousness?
    • Final Thoughts: AI as a Mirror or a Master of the Mind?

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References

• Key Academic Papers, Books, and Articles for Further Reading

Index

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