Anatomy and Physiology 1st edition by OpenStax ISBN 1506698026 978-1506698021

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ISBN 10: 1506698026
ISBN 13: 978-1506698021
Author: OpenStax

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Anatomy & Physiology 1st Table of contents:

Preface

• Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
• How to Use This Book
• Acknowledgments

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1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

• Definition and Scope of Anatomy & Physiology
• Levels of Organization in the Human Body
• Anatomical Terminology
• Homeostasis: Maintaining a Stable Internal Environment
• The Language of Anatomy

2. The Chemical Level of Organization

• Atoms and Elements
• Chemical Bonds and Reactions
• Properties of Water
• Organic Compounds in the Body
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Cellular Metabolism and Energy

3. The Cellular Level of Organization

• The Structure and Function of Cells
• The Plasma Membrane
• The Cytoplasm: Organelles and Their Functions
• The Nucleus and Gene Expression
• Cellular Transport Mechanisms
• Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

4. The Tissue Level of Organization

• Tissue Types in the Human Body
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
• Tissue Repair and Regeneration
• Specialized Tissue Functions

5. The Integumentary System

• Structure and Function of the Skin
• Layers of the Skin
• Skin Appendages: Hair, Nails, and Glands
• Homeostasis in the Integumentary System
• Common Disorders of the Skin

6. The Skeletal System

• The Human Skeleton: Structure and Function
• Bone Classification and Structure
• Bone Tissue and Remodeling
• Joints and Movements
• The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
• Disorders of the Skeletal System

7. The Muscular System

• Muscle Tissue Types: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
• Muscle Contraction and Energy Use
• The Structure of Skeletal Muscles
• Muscle Physiology and Function
• Major Muscles of the Body
• Muscle Disorders and Diseases

8. The Nervous System

• The Organization of the Nervous System
• Neurons and Neuroglia
• The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
• The Peripheral Nervous System: Nerves and Ganglia
• Sensory and Motor Pathways
• Neural Physiology: Action Potentials and Synapses
• Reflexes and Reflex Arcs
• Disorders of the Nervous System

9. The Endocrine System

• Introduction to Endocrinology
• Hormones and Glands
• The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
• Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Glands
• Pancreas, Gonads, and Other Endocrine Glands
• Regulation of Hormonal Secretion
• Endocrine Disorders

10. The Cardiovascular System

• The Heart: Structure and Function
• The Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
• The Blood: Components and Functions
• The Cardiac Cycle and Heartbeat Regulation
• Blood Pressure and Circulation
• Cardiovascular Disorders and Diseases

11. The Lymphatic and Immune System

• The Lymphatic System: Structure and Function
• Lymph, Lymphatic Vessels, and Lymph Nodes
• Immune Responses and Immunity
• The Role of Antibodies and White Blood Cells
• The Immune System: Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
• Disorders of the Immune System

12. The Respiratory System

• The Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Exchange
• Regulation of Breathing
• Transport of Gases in the Blood
• Breathing Disorders: Asthma, COPD, and Pneumonia
• The Role of the Respiratory System in Homeostasis

13. The Digestive System

• Structure and Function of the Digestive Tract
• Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients
• Accessory Digestive Organs: Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
• The Process of Digestion: Enzymes and Hormones
• Disorders of the Digestive System

14. The Urinary System

• Structure and Function of the Kidneys
• Urine Formation: Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
• The Bladder and Urinary Tract
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Regulation of Blood Pressure and Volume
• Urinary System Disorders

15. The Reproductive System

• The Male Reproductive System: Structure and Function
• The Female Reproductive System: Structure and Function
• Reproductive Cycles and Hormonal Regulation
• Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth
• Reproductive Disorders

16. Development and Inheritance

• Human Development: From Zygote to Birth
• Genetics: The Study of Heredity
• Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
• The Process of Meiosis and Genetic Variation
• Inheritance Patterns and Disorders
• Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

17. Homeostasis and Body Systems Integration

• The Concept of Homeostasis in Physiology
• The Role of Feedback Mechanisms
• Interaction of Body Systems in Maintaining Homeostasis
• Aging and Homeostasis

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Appendices

• A. Anatomical Terminology
• B. Common Medical Abbreviations
• C. Overview of Common Diseases and Disorders
• D. Clinical Applications and Case Studies
• E. Index

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