Glycobiology Protocols 1st Edition by Inka Brockhausen ISBN 1588295532 9781588295538

Glycobiology involves studies of complex carbohydrates and posttrans- tional modifications of proteins, and has become an important interdiscip- nary field encompassing chemistry, biochemistry, biology, physiology, and pathology. Although initial research was directed toward elucidation of the different carbohydrate structures and the enzymes synthesizing them, the field has now moved toward identifying the functions of carbohydrates. The pro- cols described in Glycobiology Protocols form a solid basis for investigations of glycan functions in health and disease. The cloning of many of the genes participating in glycosylation processes has helped to enhance our knowledge of how glycosylation is controlled, but has also added another dimension of complexity to the great heterogeneous variety of the structures of the oligos- charides of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. A family of similar enzyme proteins exists for each glycosylation step. Glycosyltransferases are extremely specific for both the nucleotide sugar donor and the acceptor s- strate, but many other factors control sugar transfer, including the locali- tion and topology of enzymes, cofactors, possible chaperone proteins, and the availability of sugar acceptor substrates. The analysis of the intracellular organization of glycosylation and of the factors controlling the activities of the participating enzymes in the cell are important areas that need more research efforts. Another challenge for future research is to understand the glycodynamics of a cell, that is, how the cell responds to stimuli leading to biological and pathological changes in terms of alterations in glycosylation, and how this affects the biology of the cell.

Glycobiology Protocols 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction to Glycobiology

• Overview of Glycobiology: Importance of Glycans in Biology
• Key Concepts in Glycosylation and Glycan Function
• Introduction to Glycan Structures: Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Glycoconjugates
• Methods for Studying Glycans and Glycosylation

Chapter 2: Glycan Structural Analysis

• Chemical Methods for Glycan Analysis
• Mass Spectrometry in Glycan Structure Determination
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Glycan Separation
• NMR Spectroscopy in Glycan Structural Analysis
• Lectin Binding Assays for Identifying Glycan Motifs
• The Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in Glycan Detection

Chapter 3: Glycosyltransferases and Glycosidases

• Enzyme Activity Assays for Glycosyltransferases
• Methods for Studying Glycosylation in Cells
• Analysis of Glycosidases and Their Specificities
• Using Recombinant Enzymes in Glycan Synthesis
• Inhibitors of Glycosylation Enzymes: Applications in Glycobiology

Chapter 4: Glycan Array Technology

• Overview of Glycan Microarrays and Their Applications
• Fabrication and Use of Glycan Arrays
• Data Analysis from Glycan Microarray Experiments
• High-Throughput Screening for Glycan Binding Partners
• Glycan Arrays in Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development

Chapter 5: Cell Surface Glycans and Glycoproteins

• Methods for Isolating Cell Surface Glycans
• Flow Cytometry for Studying Glycosylation on Cell Surfaces
• Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting of Glycoproteins
• Lectin Histochemistry for Cell Surface Glycan Mapping
• Fluorescence Microscopy of Glycan Distribution on Cells

Chapter 6: Glycosylation in Disease and Development

• Glycosylation in Cancer: Tumor Markers and Metastasis
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG)
• Glycosylation Changes in Inflammatory Diseases
• Glycosylation in Development and Stem Cell Biology
• Glycobiology of Viral Infections

Chapter 7: Glycomics: High-Throughput Approaches to Glycan Profiling

• Introduction to Glycomics and Its Applications
• Methods for Glycan Profiling Using Mass Spectrometry
• Automated Glycan Analysis Platforms
• Integrating Glycomics with Genomics and Proteomics
• Data Interpretation and Bioinformatics Tools for Glycomics

Chapter 8: Glycans in the Immune System

• The Role of Glycans in Immune Cell Recognition and Signaling
• Glycosylation of Immune Receptors
• Methods for Analyzing Glycans in Immune Responses
• The Role of Glycans in Autoimmune Diseases
• Glycans in Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development

Chapter 9: Glycosylation in Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

• Hormones and Their Glycosylation Patterns
• Glycosylation in Insulin and Growth Factor Signaling
• Techniques for Studying Glycosylation in Metabolic Diseases
• Glycobiology of Obesity and Diabetes
• The Role of Glycans in Bone Metabolism

Chapter 10: Glycosylation in Neurobiology

• Glycans in the Nervous System: Neuronal Development and Function
• Techniques for Studying Glycosylation in Neurons
• The Role of Glycans in Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Glycobiology of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
• Glycan Interactions in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory

Chapter 11: Recombinant Expression of Glycoproteins

• Methods for Recombinant Expression of Glycoproteins in Mammalian Cells
• Strategies for Engineering Glycosylation in E. coli and Yeast
• Purification and Analysis of Recombinant Glycoproteins
• Using Glycosylation to Enhance Protein Stability and Function
• Applications in Therapeutic Protein Development

Chapter 12: Glycobiology of the Extracellular Matrix

• Role of Glycans in Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Composition
• Methods for Studying ECM Glycoproteins and Their Glycosylation
• Glycosylation of Collagen and Elastin
• Glycans in ECM Remodeling During Development and Disease

Chapter 13: Glycans in Microbial Pathogenesis

• Glycosylation in Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion
• The Role of Glycans in Viral Pathogenesis
• Glycans and Host Pathogen Interactions
• Methods for Investigating Glycans in Microbial Infection

Chapter 14: Glycobiology and Drug Development

• Targeting Glycosylation in Drug Design
• Glycan-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies
• Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glycosylation
• The Role of Glycobiology in Nanomedicine

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