Genes and DNA A Beginner Guide to Genetics and Its Applications 1st Edition by Charlotte Omoto, Paul Lurquin ISBN 9780231503570 0231503571

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Product details:
ISBN 10: 0231503571 
ISBN 13: 9780231503570
Author: Charlotte Omoto, Paul Lurquin

Genes and DNA A Beginner Guide to Genetics and Its Applications 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1. What Are Genes?

DNA

DNA Can Be Specifically Stained and Observed in Cells

DNA Determines Genetic Properties in Bacteria

DNA Is a Double Helix

Transfer of Genetic Information to Progeny

DNA Can Be Replicated in the Test Tube

Summary

Try This at Home: Extract DNA from Vegetables in Your Kitchen

Box 1.1. PCR and Identification

Chapter 2. Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits

Plants Are Good Organisms for the Study of Inheritance

Genes Do Not Blend

Rules of Inheritance

Behavior of Chromosomes

The Punnett Square

Incomplete Dominance

Sex Is Also Determined by Inheritance Rules

Summary

Chapter 3. Mendelian Traits in Humans

Blood Types

Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia

Sex-Linked Traits: Color Blindness

Prostate and Breast Cancer

Genetic Metabolic Diseases

Sickle-cell Anemia

Hemochromatosis

Another Sex-Influenced Trait: Male Pattern Baldness

Dominant Genetic Diseases

Pedigree Analysis

Summary

Try This at Home: Pedigree Game

Box 3.1. Warning on Diet Products

Chapter 4. From Genes to Phenotype

Transcription

Translation

Changes in DNA Modify the Amino Acid Sequences of Proteins

Gene Regulation

Summary

Try This at Home: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Game

Box 4.1 Why People Are Saving Their Babies’ Cord Blood

Chapter 5. Using Bacteria as Protein Factories

Tools for Manufacturing Proteins

Using Restriction Enzymes and Plasmids to Clone a Gene

Producing Human Proteins in E. Coli

Medically Important Human Proteins Made in E. Coli

Summary

Chapter 6. Genetically Modified Plants

What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)?

Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer

Biolistics

Genetic Modifications

Genetically Modified Nonfood Plants

Ecological Issues

Labeling Issues and Food Safety

Summary

Box 6.1: Detecting Foreign Genes in Genetically Modified Plants

Chapter 7. When Things Go Wrong

Errors in Chromosome Number

Multiple Sets of Chromosomes

Looking at Our Chromosomes

Changes in the DNA Base Sequence

Triplet Repeat Errors

Summary

Chapter 8. Mutagens, Teratogens, and Human Reproduction

Spontaneous Mutations

Mutagens

How Do We Detect Mutagens?

Teratogens

Human Reproduction

Summary

Box 8.1: Why There Were Few Thalidomide-Caused Birth Defects in the United States

Chapter 9. Linkage and Mapping: Gene Discovery

There Are Many Genes on Each Chromosome

Independent Assortment of Genes

Linkage

Recombination

Linkage to a DNA Marker

The Human Genome Project and Others

Discovering Disease Genes in Humans

Summary

Try This at Home: Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and the Making of a Unique Individual

Try This at Home: Explore Genetics Databases

Box 9.1: Identifying Disease Genes Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Box 9.2: Identifying a Disease-Resistance Gene in Barley Through Map-Based Cloning

Chapter 10. Genetics of Populations and Genetic Testing

Why Don’t We Observe to Ratios of Dominant Versus Recessive Traits in Populations?

Predicting the Genotype of the Next Generation Using the Punnett Square

Conditions for Observing Constant Gene and Genotype Frequencies

Another Application of the Hardy-Weinberg Law

Predicting Gene Frequency for a Recessive Trait

Gene Frequencies Vary in Different Populations

Newborn Testing and Conditional Probability

Predicting Genotype Frequency for Sex-Linked Traits

Summary

Chapter 11. Survival of the Fittest?

What Is Meant by Fitness?

Selection Requires Variation.

Selection Can Result in Reduced Genetic Diversity

Natural Selection Determined Skin Color in Humans

Fitness Depends Upon the Environment

Selection and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Heterozygous Advantage

Why Do Dominant Genetic Diseases Exist?

Small Populations

Summary

Box 11.1: DNA Sequences Provide Clues to Human Evolution: The Founder Effect in Prehistoric Africa

Try This at Home: Demonstrations of the Effects of Small Population Size

Chapter 12. Nature Versus Nurture

Polygenic Traits Are Additive

Polygenic Traits Exhibit Continuous Variation in Phenotype

Polygenic Traits Are Influenced by the Environment

Measuring Variance in Traits and Estimating Heritability

Twin Studies Are Helpful in Studying Polygenic Traits in Humans

Quantitative Traits in Medicine and Agriculture

Summary

Chapter 13. Genetically Modified Animals and the Applications of Gene Technology for Humans

Cloning Animals by the Nuclear-Transfer Technique

Genetically Modifying Animals Using Embryonic Stem Cells

Uses of Genetically Modified Animals

Human Gene Therapy

Human Reproductive Cloning

Human Therapeutic Cloning

Summary

Appendix A. Internet Resources

Appendix B. Glossary of Scientific Names of Organisms

Appendix C. Glossary of Human Genetic Diseases

Appendix D. Glossary of Terms

Index

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