100 Cases in Clinical Ethics and Law 2nd Edition by Carolyn Johnston, Penelope Bradbury, Janice Rymer ISBN 9781040071458 1040071457

Section 1 Ethical Principles

Case 1: Principlism

Questions

Answer 1

Case 2: Consequentialism

Questions

Answer 2

Case 3: Deontology

Questions

Answer 3

Case 4: Virtue Ethics

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Questions

Answer 4

Case 5: Casuistry

Questions

Answer 5

Case 6: Narrative Ethics

Questions

Answer 6

Case 7: Rights and Duties

Questions

Answer 7

Section 2 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: How to Deal with an Ethical Dilemma in Clinical Practice

Identify the ethical issue

Clinical information

Do you know what the patient wants?

Resolving the ethical dilemma

Seek advice or a sounding board

Make a decision

Section 3 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Beginning of Life

Case 8: In Vitro Fertilisation

Questions

Answer 8

Welfare of the child

Donor anonymity

Is there a right to have a child?

Case 9: Same-Sex Parenting

Questions

Answer 9

Case 10: SURROGACY

Questions

Answer 10

Case 11: Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Questions

Answer 11

Case 12: Moral Status of the Foetus

Questions

Answer 12

Case 13: Termination of Pregnancy

Questions

Answer 13

Rights of the father

Case 14: Conscientious Objection

Questions

Answer 14

Case 15: Pre-Natal Injury

Questions

Answer 15

Case 16: Neonatal Care: Legal and Ethical Issues

Questions

Answer 16

Professional guidance

Ethical issues

Legal issues

Section 4 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Children and Adolescents

Case 17: Parental Responsibility and Consent

Questions

Answer 17

Case 18: Parental Refusal of Treatment

Questions

Answer 18

Case 19: Request for Non-Therapeutic Treatment

Questions

Answer 19

Case 20: Assessing Competence in Children

Questions

Answer 20

Case 21: Underage Contraception

Questions

Answer 21

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Case 22: Adolescent Refusal of Life-Sustaining Treatment

Questions

Answer 22

Respect for patient autonomy

Capacity

Consent

Refusal

Case 23: Non-Engagement with Therapeutic Medication

Questions

Answer 23

Case 24: Withholding Information from a Child

Questions

Answer 24

Ethical issues

Legal issues

Section 5 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Consent, Capacity and Refusal of Treatment

Case 25: Valid Consent to Treatment

Questions

Answer 25

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Medical students

Case 26: Adult Capacity to Consent to Treatment

Questions

Answer 26

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Case 27: Consent and HIV

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Questions

Answer 27

Needlestick injury

HIV testing

Screening

Case 28: Consent and Coercion

Questions

Answer 28

Case 29: Examination under Anaesthesia

Questions

Answer 29

Case 30: Refusal of Treatment

Questions

Answer 30

Case 31: Consent and Emergencies

Questions

Answer 31

Case 32: Assessment of Best Interests

Questions

Answer 32

Lasting power of attorney

Independent mental capacity advocate

Ethical issues

Case 33: Deprivation of Liberty

Questions

Answer 33

Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards and the Mental Health Act 1983 and Mental Capacity Act 2005

What is the difference between a restriction of liberty and deprivation of liberty?

Section 6 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Confidentiality

Case 34: Confidentiality

Questions

Answer 34

Sharing information within the healthcare team

Patients who lack capacity

Disclosure of information

Case 35: Confidentiality and Children

Questions

Answer 35

Case 36: Access to Healthcare Information

Questions

Answer 36

Data protection

Confidentiality

Case 37: Confidentiality and HIV

Questions

Answer 37

Ethical issues

Case 38: Use of Interpreters

Questions

Answer 38

Case 39: Disclosing Genetic Information

Questions

Answer 39

Case 40: Genetic Testing of Children for Adult-Onset Conditions

Questions

Answer 40

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Section 7 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Negligence

Case 41: Standard of Care and Negligence

Questions

Answer 41

Case 42: Provision of Information

Questions

Answer 42

What information must be disclosed?

Asking questions

Therapeutic privilege

Case 43: Out of Your Depth

Questions

Answer 43

Case 44: Reporting Concerns

Questions

Answer 44

Case 45: Making Mistakes and Incident Forms

Questions

Answer 45

Case 46: Complaints

Questions

Answer 46

Section 8 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Mental Health

Case 47: When to Section a Patient under the Mental Health Act

Questions

Answer 47

Case 48: Appropriate and Effective Treatment under the Mental Health Act

Question

Answer 48

Case 49: Medical Treatment for Patients with a Mental Health Disorder

Questions

Answer 49

Mental Health Act 1983, as amended 2007

Mental Capacity Act 2005

Case 50: Conflict in Treatment Aims

Questions

Answer 50

Ethical issues

Case 51: Treatment for Eating Disorders

Questions

Answer 51

Case 52: Personal Identity

Questions

Answer 52

Case 53: Self-Harm

Questions

Answer 53

Case 54: Covert Medication

Questions

Answer 54

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Section 9 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Public Health

Case 55: Patients’ Responsibility for Health and Resource Allocation

Patient 1

Patient 2

Patient 3

Questions

Answer 55

Ethical issues

Case 56: Managing Patient Expectations

Questions

Answer 56

Case 57: Requests for Expensive Medical Treatment

Questions

Answer 57

Case 58: Prophylactic Surgery

Question

Answer 58

Case 59: Screening Programmes

Question

Answer 59

Informed consent

Harms and benefits

Cost-effectiveness

Breast screening programme

Case 60: Childhood Immunisation

Questions

Answer 60

Case 61: Professional Responsibility to Discuss Obesity

Questions

Answer 61

Case 62: Incentives for Treatment and Health Promotion

Questions

Answer 62

Cost/benefit

Case 63: Front-Line Staff and Flu Immunisation

Question

Answer 63

Case 64: Overseas Visitors

Questions

Answer 64

Section 10 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: Organ Donation

Case 65: Organ Donation

Questions

Answer 65

The Human Tissue Act and Authority

Living donation

How to increase supply

Case 66: Posthumous Organ Donation

Questions

Answer 66

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Case 67: Is there a Market for Living Organ Donors?

Questions

Answer 67

Ethical issues

Case 68: Social Media and Organ Donation

Questions

Answer 68

Benefits

Harms

Section 11 Ethics and Law in Clinical Practice: End of Life

Case 69: The Distinction between Acts and Omissions at the End of Life

Questions

Answer 69

Acts and omissions

The ethical case for a distinction between acts and omissions

The ethical case against a distinction between acts and omissions

The legal position

The doctrine of double effect

Case 70: Quality of Life and Sanctity of Life Judgements

Questions

Answer 70

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Case 71: Basic Care and Medical Treatment at the End of Life

Questions

Answer 71

Case 72: Provision of Futile Treatment

Questions

Answer 72

Case 73: Assisted Suicide

Questions

Answer 73

Case 74: Advance Decisions

Questions

Answer 74

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Advance Care Planning

Case 75: Advance Decisions and Attempted Suicide

Question

Answer 75

Ethical issues

Legal issues

Case 76: Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Orders

Questions

Answer 76

Case 77: Brainstem Death

Questions

Answer 77

Brainstem death

Ethical issues

Case 78: After Death – Coroners and Cremation Forms

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Questions

Answer 78

Cremation forms

Section 12 Duties of a Doctor

Case 79: Compassion and Resilience

Questions

Answer 79

Case 80: Good Samaritan Acts

Questions

Answer 80

Case 81: Delegation and Handover

Questions

Answer 81

Case 82: Professional Responsibility toward an Abusive Patient

Questions

Answer 82

Professional integrity

Moral responsibility

Case 83: Discharge Against Medical Advice

Questions

Answer 83

Case 84: Child Safeguarding

Questions

Answer 84

Case 85: Treating Friends and Relatives

Questions

Answer 85

Case 86: Professionalism and Social Media

Questions

Answer 86

Case 87: Doctors and DVLA Regulations

Questions

Answer 87

Case 88: The Role of Clinical and Research Ethics Committees

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Questions

Answer 88

Research ethics

Clinical ethics

Section 13 Faith, Values and Culture

Case 89: Medicalisation of Human Experience

Questions

Answer 89

Case 90: Jehovah’S Witnesses and Blood Transfusions

Questions

Answer 90

Case 91: Ramadan and Professional Responsibility

Questions

Answer 91

Case 92: Female Genital Mutilation

Questions

Answer 92

Ethical issues

Legal issues

Child protection issues

Case 93: Childhood Male Circumcision

Questions

Answer 93

Case 94: Disclosure of Diagnosis and Cultural Relativism

Questions

Answer 94

Case 95: Cultural Considerations in Post Mortem Examination

Questions

Answer 95

Case 96: Requests to See a ‘British’ Doctor

Questions

Answer 96

Legal issues

Ethical issues

Case 97: Chaperones

Questions

Answer 97

Case 98: Professional Boundaries

Questions

Answer 98

Case 99: Ethical Issues on Elective

Questions

Answer 99

Case 100: Professional Experience of Illness

Questions

10 years later… An update

Answer 100

Resources

Foreword

Ethical Principles

Beginning of Life

Children and Adolescents

Consent, Refusal and Capacity

Confidentiality

Negligence

Mental Health

Public Health

Organ Donation

End of Life

Duties of a Doctor

Faith, Value and Culture

Index