Clinical Respiratory Medicine 4th Edition by Stephen Spiro, Richard Albert, Gerard Silvestri, Alvar Agustí, James Jett 1455707929 9781455707928

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ISBN 10: 1455707929

ISBN 13: 9781455707928

Author: Stephen G. Spiro; Richard K. Albert; Gerard A Silvestri; Alvar Agustí; James R. Jett

2013 BMA Highly Commended Award in Internal Medicine! Clinical Respiratory Medicine provides practical guidance to help you more effectively diagnose and manage the full range of pulmonary disorders, including those seen in today’s most challenging patient populations. Now with over 400 brand-new review questions and 25 videos , this medical reference book delivers all of the answers you need to ensure the best outcomes.

Clinical Respiratory Medicine 4th Table of contents:

Section 1: Normal Structure and Function

Chapter 1: Macro and Micro Structure of the Lung

Lung Development

Normal Lung Anatomy

Chapter 2: Basic Aspects of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology

Cell Biology

Pitfalls and Controversies

Future Directions

Chapter 3: Respiratory Mechanics

Introduction

Structure of the Thorax and Lungs

Respiratory Mechanics

Events of the Respiratory Cycle

Summary

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 4: Pulmonary Circulation

Circulatory Structure

Circulatory Physiology

Blood Flow Distribution

Regulation of Pulmonary Blood Flow

Nonrespiratory Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation

Fluid Exchange in the Pulmonary Circulation

Respiratory-Circulatory Interactions

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 5: Gas Exchange

The Basis of Gas Exchange: Ventilation, Diffusion, and Perfusion

Acid-Base Relationships

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 6: Control of Ventilation and Respiratory Muscles

The Respiratory Centers

Afferent Inputs to the Respiratory Centers

The Efferent Limb: the Respiratory Muscles

Respiratory Muscle Responses to Changes in Load

Testing Respiratory Muscle Function

Controversies and Pitfalls

Section 2: Diagnostic Techniques

Chapter 7: Imaging Techniques

Plain Chest Radiography

Computed Tomography

High-Resolution Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Pulmonary Angiography

Bronchial Artery Embolization

Superior Vena Cava Stenting

Normal Radiographic Anatomy

Points in the Interpretation of a Chest Radiograph

Computed Tomography

Interpretation of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Scans of the Lungs

Chapter 8: Positron Emission Tomography Imaging

Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Respiratory Medicine

Principles of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging

Interpretation of Positron Emission Tomography Images

Positron Emission Tomography in Diagnosis

Positron Emission Tomography in Staging

Future Innovation

Chapter 9: Pulmonary Function Testing

Spirometry

Lung Volumes

Diffusing Capacity

Tests of Gas Distribution

Arterial Blood Gas Measurement

Special Testing

Chapter 10: Exercise Testing

Clinical Indications for Exercise Testing

Exercise Intensity and Energy Requirements

Responses to Exercise in Health and Disease

Clinical Exercise Protocols

Testing Procedures

Interpretation Strategies

Summary

Chapter 11: Bronchoscopy

Types of Bronchoscopy and General Instrumentation

Indications for Diagnostic Bronchoscopy

Safety Factors in Bronchoscopy

Complications of Bronchoscopy

Special Bronchoscopic Techniques

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy Techniques

Indications for Therapeutic Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopic Treatments for Common “benign” Lung Diseases

Summary

Chapter 12: Endobronchial and Endoesophageal Ultrasound Techniques

Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Endobronchial Ultrasound Technique

Endoesophageal Ultrasound Technique

Combining Endobronchial and Endoesophageal Ultrasound Techniques

Restaging Patients with Lung Cancer after Chemotherapy

Conclusions and Outlook

Chapter 13: Percutaneous Biopsy Procedures: Techniques and Indications

Methods of Tissue Sampling

Percutaneous Biopsy of Intrapulmonary Lesions

Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy: General Principles

Percutaneous Sampling of Extrapulmonary Intrathoracic Tissues

Percutaneous Sampling of Extrathoracic Lesions

Chapter 14: Echocardiography in Respiratory Medicine

Echocardiographic Planes and Right-Sided Heart Structures

Assessment of Right Ventricular Function by Echocardiography

Hemodynamic Assessment of the Right side of the Heart By Echocardiography

Echocardiography in Evaluation of Specific Disease States

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Section 3: Respiratory Pharmacology

Chapter 15: Bronchodilators

Physiologic Basis for Bronchodilator Action

Pharmacologic Basis of Bronchodilator Action

β2-Agonists: Clinical Considerations

Antimuscarinic Agents: Clinical Considerations

Theophylline

Drug Delivery

Use of Bronchodilator Drugs in Clinical Practice

Controversies and Pitfalls with Bronchodilator Drugs

The Future of Bronchodilator Therapy

Chapter 16: Antiinflammatory Drugs

Corticosteroids

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors

Pipeline Products

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 17: Drug-Induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Diseases

Incidence and Risk Evaluation

Diagnosing Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease

Patterns of Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease

Controversies and Pitfalls

Acknowledgment

Section 4: An Approach to Respiratory Symptoms

Chapter 18: Cough

Cough in Health and Disease

The Cough Reflex

Differential Diagnosis of Cough

Clinical Assessment

Further Investigations

Treatment

Unexplained Chronic Cough

Conclusion

Chapter 19: Dyspnea

What Is Dyspnea?

Mechanisms of Dyspnea

The Language of Dyspnea

Acute Dyspnea

Chronic Dyspnea

Palliation of Dyspnea

Chapter 20: Hemoptysis

Differential Diagnosis

Patient Evaluation

Diagnostic Algorithm

Massive Hemoptysis

Summary

Chapter 21: Chest Pain

Differential Diagnosis

Patient Evaluation

Treatment

Section 5: Infectious Diseases

Chapter 22: Pulmonary Host Defenses

Structural Defenses

Specific Cell Responses

Antimicrobial Molecules

Complement

Antimicrobial Peptides

Innate Immune Receptors

Inflammatory Mediators

Summary

Chapter 23: Approach to the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infection

The Approach

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 24: Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Burden of Disease

Clinical Presentation

Risk Factors

Patient Evaluation/Diagnostics

Treatment

Specific Complications

Prevention

Controversies and Pitfalls

Acknowledgment

Chapter 25: Viral Pneumonia

Burden of Disease

Pathogens

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusions

Chapter 26: Nonbacterial Infectious Pneumonia

Fungal Pneumonias

Parasitic Pneumonias

Chapter 27: Nosocomial Respiratory Infections

Definitions

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Etiologic Agents

Prevention

Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 28: Pneumonia in the Non–HIV-Infected Immunocompromised Patient

Overview

General Principles of the Clinical Approach

Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Protocols

Specific Clinical Entities

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 29: Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Course and Prevention

Prognosis

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 30: Noninfectious Conditions in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function

Neoplasia

Inflammatory Pulmonary Disorders

Miscellaneous Conditions

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 31: Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Tuberculosis

Diseases Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Section 6: Critical Care Respiratory Medicine

Chapter 32: Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Indications and Contraindications

Techniques

Principles of Respiratory System Mechanics Relevant to Mechanical Ventilation

Practical Approach to Ventilating Patients with Obstructive Airway Disease

Dynamic Hyperinflation and Auto-Peep

Practical Approach to Ventilating Patients with Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

Complications of Mechanical Ventilation

Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

Failure to Wean from Mechanical Ventilation

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 33: Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

Indications for Implementation of Noninvasive Ventilation

Modes

Equipment

Clinical Indications

Physiologic Effects of Noninvasive Ventilation

Future Directions

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusions

Chapter 34: Airway Management in the Intensive Care Unit

Indications for Airway Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Airway Assessment

Basic Airway Maneuvers and Airway Adjuncts

Endotracheal Intubation with Muscle Relaxation

surgical airways

Controversies and Pitfalls in Airway Management

Chapter 35: Hemodynamic Monitoring in Critical Illness

Circulation Model

Monitoring Devices

Arterial Waveform Analysis

Esophageal Doppler Monitoring and Ultrasound Imaging

Chapter 36: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pathophysiology, Histopathology, and Etiology

Definition, Incidence, and Severity

Genetics

Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

Ventilatory Management for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The Use of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Rescue Strategies for Refractory Hypoxemia

Supportive Treatment

Prognosis and Long-Term Survival

Controversies and Pitfalls

Section 7: Airway Diseases

Chapter 37: Upper Airway Disease: Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis

Upper Airway

Rhinitis

Rhinosinusitis

Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Tests

Treatment

Clinical Course and Prevention

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 38: Asthma: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Risk Factors

Trigger Factors

Chapter 39: Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults

Definition and Key Features of Asthma

Pathophysiologic Basis of Asthma

Asthma Heterogeneity and Clinical Subgroups of Patients with Asthma

Genetics of Asthma

Diagnosis

Management of Stable Asthma

Management of Important Patient Subgroups

Controversies and Pitfalls

Summary

Chapter 40: Occupational Asthma

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Clinical Course

Prevention

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 41: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Evaluation

Definitions and Diagnostic Considerations

Pathology

Etiology

Epidemiology

Natural History and Prognosis

Pathogenesis

Pathophysiology

Systemic Effects and Comorbidities

Clinical Features

Patient Assessment

Chapter 42: Treatment of the Stable Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Multicomponent Disease

Treatable Disease

Respiratory Manifestations

Systemic Manifestations

Exacerbations, Hospitalization, and Discharge Criteria

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Chapter 43: Management of Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Course and Prevention

Conclusion

Chapter 44: Cystic Fibrosis

Genetics

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approach

Clinical Course of Lung Disease and Principles of Therapy

Treatment

Complications

Prognosis

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Chapter 45: Bronchiectasis

Epidemiology

Pathology

Pathogenesis

Clinical Features

Diagnosis and patient assessment

exacerbations

Antibiotic Therapy

vaccination

Alternative Therapy

Physiotherapy

Management

Complications

Prognosis

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Section 8: Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Chapter 46: Approach to Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease

Initial Clinical Evaluation

Diagnostic Procedures

Integrated Diagnosis in Diffuse Lung Disease

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 47: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Interstitial Lung Diseases

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

Respiratory Bronchiolitis Interstitial Lung Disease

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 48: Sarcoidosis

Epidemiology

Etiology and Risk Factors

Genetic Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Biomarkers of Disease Activity

Treatment

Clinical Course

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 49: Eosinophilic Lung Disease

The Eosinophil Leukocyte and Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Eosinophilic Lung Diseases of Known Origin

Eosinophilic Lung Disease of Unknown Origin

Chapter 50: Organizing Pneumonia

Definition

Pathogenesis

Clinical and Imaging Features

Diagnosis

Treatment of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

Severe Organizing Pneumonia

Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 51: Silicosis and Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Sources of Exposure

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Genetics

Histopathologic Changes

Clinical Features and Diagnosis

Clinical Course, Treatment, and Prevention

Chapter 52: Asbestosis

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Course

Asbestos-Related, Nonmalignant Pleural Disorders

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 53: Connective Tissue Diseases

Epidemiology

Genetics

Pathogenesis

Lung Pathology

Clinical Features

Diagnostic TESTing

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 54: Rare Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases

Rare Cystic Lung Diseases

Other Rare Diffuse Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Manifestations of Rare Systemic Diseases

Chapter 55: Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Risk Factors

Clinical Features

Imaging

Other Diagnostic Testing

Treatment

Prognosis

Controversies and Pitfalls: A Focus on Treatment

Chapter 56: Toxic Inhalational Lung Injury

Epidemiology

Etiology and Risk Factors

Clinical Features and Diagnosis

Controversies and Pitfalls

Section 9: Pulmonary Vascular Disorders, Vasculitides, and Hemorrhage

Chapter 57: Pulmonary Embolism

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathogenesis

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 58: Pulmonary Hypertension

Definition

Classification

Pathobiology

Diagnostic Approach

Approach to Therapy

Survival and Outlook

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 59: Pulmonary Vasculitis and Hemorrhage

Pulmonary Vasculitis

Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes

Section 10: Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Chapter 60: Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Epidemiology

Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Pathophysiology

PathogenEsis

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 61: Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Clinical Features

Physical Examination

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 62: Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Clinical Course: Morbidity and Mortality

Treatment

Conclusions

Controversies and Pitfalls

Section 11: Chest Wall Disorders

Chapter 63: Scoliosis and Kyphoscoliosis

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Genetics of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Kyphosis

Effects of Chest Wall Deformity on Respiratory and Cardiac Function

Clinical Features

Progression of Curvature

Diagnosis

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 64: Diseases of the Thoracic Cage and Respiratory Muscles

Respiratory Muscle Pump

Respiratory Presentations of Neurologic and Chest Wall Disease

Thoracic Disorders

Controversies and Pitfalls

Section 12: Lung Tumors

Chapter 65: Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Surgical Pathology, and Molecular Biology

Epidemiology

Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology

Molecular Biology

Chapter 66: Lung Cancer: Clinical Evaluation and Staging

Symptomatic Presentation

Asymptomatic Presentation

Lung Cancer Staging

Future Directions

Chapter 67: Lung Cancer: Treatment

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation

Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Other Common Complications

Palliative Care

Conclusion

Chapter 68: Benign Lung Tumors

Detection and Diagnosis

Classification

Benign Epithelial Neoplasms

Benign Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Benign Neoplasms: Miscellaneous

Non-Neoplastic Tumors

Section 13: Disorders of the Pleura and Mediastinum

Chapter 69: Pleural Effusion, Empyema, and Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion

Pneumothorax

Chapter 70: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Pathology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Staging

Prognosis

Management

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Chapter 71: Disorders of the Mediastinum

Overview of Mediastinal Masses

Diseases of Anterior Mediastinum

Diseases of Middle-Posterior Mediastinum

Diseases of Paravertebral Compartment

Miscellaneous Disorders of the Mediastinum

Differential Diagnosis

Section 14: Thoracic Surgery

Chapter 72: Chest Tube Insertion and Management

Indications and Contraindications

Technique

Chest Tube Management

Special Considerations

Malignant Pleural Effusions

Chapter 73: Preoperative Pulmonary Evaluation

Pulmonary Physiology

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

Management

Conclusion

Chapter 74: Diagnostic Thoracic Surgical Procedures

Preoperative Considerations

Clinical Application of Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures

Conclusion

Chapter 75: Lung Transplantation

History

Current Trends in Lung Transplantation

Survival

General Selection Criteria

Donor Selection and Management

Donor Graft Management

Lung Allograft Implantation

Noninfectious Complications

Infectious Complications

Pitfalls of Immunosuppressive Therapy

Medical Complications in Lung Transplant Survivors

Section 15: Special Clinical Conditions

Chapter 76: Pregnancy

Pulmonary Physiology

Complications and Disorders of Pregnancy

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 77: Pulmonary Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Overview of Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Posttransplant Pulmonary Complications

Diagnostic Evaluation

Controversies and Pitfalls

Chapter 78: Hepatic and Biliary Disease

Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinical Course

Pitfalls and Controversies

Chapter 79: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Epidemiology

Clinical and Pathologic Features

Treatment

Controversies and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Chapter 80: Air Pollution

History

Composition of Air Pollution

Outdoor Air Pollution

Indoor Air Pollution

Controversies and pitfalls

Conclusion

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