Handbook of Orthognathic Treatment A Team Approach 1st Edition by Ashraf Ayoub, Balvinder Khambay, Philip Benington, Lyndia Green, Khursheed Moos, Fraser Walker ISBN 1118709438 9781118709436

Handbook of Orthognathic Treatment A Team Approach 1st Edition by Ashraf Ayoub, Balvinder Khambay, Philip Benington, Lyndia Green, Khursheed Moos, Fraser Walker – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery. 1118709438, 9781118709436
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ISBN 10: 1118709438 
ISBN 13: 9781118709436
Author: Ashraf Ayoub, Balvinder Khambay, Philip Benington, Lyndia Green, Khursheed Moos, Fraser Walker

This handbook provides a short, contemporary text on the management of dentofacial deformities. The importance of a well organised, inter-disciplinary approach is emphasised throughout and the following key areas are presented: A detailed account of the role of the psychologist, from initial assessment through to post-operative support. A systematic approach to dentofacial assessment, including a section on diagnostic records and an overview of cephalometry. A logical step-by-step approach to treatment planning, emphasising the interactive thought process required when setting orthodontic and surgical objectives. The fundamentals of surgical orthodontics, with the scope and limitations of orthodontic appliances clearly explained for each phase of treatment. A description of orthognathic technical procedures and how potential errors can be minimised in order to improve the accuracy of model surgery. An account of how to carry out photo-cephalometric profile prediction planning, including a critique of the method. A detailed description of the full range of mandibular and maxillary orthognathic surgical procedures, including indications and complications. A chapter on higher-level osteotomies for the treatment of more severe craniofacial abnormalities is included for completeness. A series of six contrasting case studies. There is an emphasis on the technological advances that are rapidly enabling the global paradigm shift from 2D to 3D planning.

Handbook of Orthognathic Treatment A Team Approach 1st  Table of contents:

1: Psychological considerations for the orthognathic patient
1.1 Psychological issues associated with facial appearance
1.2 Psychological assessment
1.2.1 Patient perception of the presenting clinical problem
1.2.2 Patient expectation of treatment
1.2.3 Patient motivation for treatment
1.2.4 Patient’s psychological status
1.2.5 Outcome from psychological assessment
1.3 Advice on management of patients following assessment
1.4 Red flag and amber flag patients
1.4.1 Red flags
1.4.2 Amber flags
1.5 Psychological therapeutic input to patients during treatment
1.5.1 Pre-surgical orthodontics
1.5.2 Surgical planning stage – patient preparation for surgery
1.5.3 Psychological input following surgery
1.6 Conclusion
1.7 References
2: Dentofacial assessment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General assessment
2.2.1 Patient’s concerns
2.2.2 Medical, dental and social history
2.2.3 History of dentofacial dysmorphology
2.2.4 Stature and body form
2.3 Facial assessment
2.3.1 Lateral view
2.3.2 Frontal view
2.3.3 Bird’s eye view
2.3.4 Worm’s eye view
2.4 Intra-oral assessment
2.4.1 Dental arches
2.4.2 Teeth in occlusion
2.4.3 Soft tissues
2.5 Diagnostic records
2.5.1 Protocol for collection of basic records
2.5.2 Role of diagnostic records
2.6 Cephalometrics for orthognathic patients
2.6.1 Gross inspection
2.6.2 Qualitative analysis
2.6.3 Quantitative analysis
2.6.4 Superimposition
2.7 Special investigations
2.7.1 Condylar hyperplasia
2.7.2 Acromegaly
2.8 Summary
2.9 Recommended further reading
3: The treatment planning process
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Three fundamental planning steps
3.2.1 Envisaging the desired aesthetic changes
3.2.2 Deciding on the required jaw movements
3.2.3 Planning orthodontics to allow the required jaw movements
3.3 Four keys to dento-skeletal planning
3.3.1 Upper incisor and maxillary position
3.3.2 Occlusion and mandibular position
3.3.3 Maxillo-mandibular complex rotation
3.3.4 Chin position
3.4 Final surgical planning
3.4.1 Final planning steps
3.4.2 Photo-cephalometric prediction
3.4.3 Model surgery
3.5 Summary (Figure 3.8)
3.6 Recommended further reading
4: The role of orthodontics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pre-surgical orthodontics
4.2.1 Factors affecting incisor decompensation
4.2.2 Control of incisor decompensation
4.2.3 Vertical tooth movements
4.2.4 Transverse tooth movements
4.2.5 Orthodontic preparation for segmental surgery
4.2.6 Progress monitoring
4.3 Peri-operative orthodontics
4.3.1 Fixed appliance preparation for surgery
4.3.2 Inter-maxillary fixation
4.3.3 The occlusal wafer
4.3.4 Orthodontic procedures in theatre
4.4 Post-surgical orthodontics
4.4.1 Post-surgical healing phase
4.4.2 Post-surgical tooth movement
4.4.3 Retention
4.5 Surgery before orthodontics
4.5.1 Advantages
4.5.2 Disadvantages
4.6 Surgery without orthodontics
4.7 Complications of orthodontic treatment
4.7.1 Iatrogenic tooth damage
4.7.2 Loss of periodontal support
4.8 Summary
4.9 Recommended further reading
5: Orthognathic technical procedures
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Clinical assessment
5.2.1 Patient planning sheet
5.2.2 Master impressions
5.2.3 Occlusal registration
5.2.4 Face bow recording
5.3 Articulator and face bow selection
5.3.1 Plain line articulator (simple hinge)
5.3.2 Semi-adjustable articulators and face bow recordings
5.4 Face bow recordings
5.5 Face bow points and planes of reference
5.5.1 Auricular average value face bow
5.5.2 Condylar face bow
5.6 Errors in face bow registrations used for orthognathic model surgery
5.7 Face bow with orbital pin replaced with a bull’s eye spirit level
5.8 Orthognathic articulator and face bow
5.8.1 Face bow
5.8.2 Articulator
5.9 Preparing the casts for articulation
5.9.1 Articulating the casts
5.9.2 Marking out the casts
5.9.3 Marking and measuring the casts for vertical movements
5.9.4 Marking and measuring the casts for antero-posterior movements
5.9.5 Repositioning the casts
5.9.6 Occlusal re-positioning wafer
5.10 Recent advances in model surgery
5.11 Suggested further reading
6: Prediction planning
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Prediction planning for orthognathic surgery
6.3 Methods of prediction planning
6.3.1 Model planning
6.3.2 Soft tissue profile prediction planning
6.3.3 Computerised prediction
6.3.4 Factors affecting the accuracy of prediction planning
6.3.5 Hard tissue and soft tissue ratios
6.3.6 Summary
6.4 The two-dimensional planning process
6.4.1 Acquisition of lateral cephalogram
6.4.2 Acquisition of the lateral profile photograph
6.4.3 Superimposition of lateral cephalogram and profile photograph (Matching)
6.4.4 Planning
6.4.5 Simulation
6.4.6 Surgical planning sheet
6.5 Three-dimensional prediction software
6.6 The three-dimensional planning process – acquisition of different imaging modalities
6.6.1 CBCT
6.6.2 Three dimensional stereophotogrammetry
6.6.3 Planning
6.7 Navigation surgery
6.7.1 Summary
6.8 References
7: Basic orthognathic surgical procedures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Le Fort I osteotomy
7.2.1 Indications
7.2.2 Surgical technique
7.2.3 Le Fort I segmental osteotomies
7.2.4 Complications
7.3 Anterior maxillary osteotomies
7.3.1 Indications
7.3.2 Surgical technique
7.3.3 Complications
7.4 Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (Figure 7.12a)
7.4.1 Indications
7.4.2 Procedure (Figure 7.12a)
7.4.3 The condylar segments
7.4.4 Complications
7.5 Vertical Subsigmoid Osteotomy (VSSO) (Figure 7.14)
7.5.1 Indications
7.5.2 Procedure
7.5.3 Complications
7.6 Mandibular body osteotomy
7.6.1 Indications
7.6.2 Procedure
7.6.3 Complications
7.7 Inverted L ramus osteotomy (Figure 7.16)
7.7.1 Indications
7.7.2 Procedure
7.7.3 Complications
7.8 Anterior mandibular osteotomies
7.8.1 Lower anterior segmental osteotomy
7.8.2 Anterior mandibulotomy (Figures 7.18a, 7.18b)
7.8.3 Complications
7.9 Genioplasty
7.9.1 Indications
7.9.2 Procedure
7.9.3 Complications
7.10 Medical preoperative/intraoperative considerations and general postoperative care
7.10.1 Informed consent
7.10.2 Blood tests
7.10.3 Operative considerations
7.10.4 General postoperative care
7.11 Distraction osteogeneis
7.11.1 Mandibular distraction osteogenesis
7.11.2 Maxillary distraction
7.11.3 Compression bifocal and multifocal distraction osteogenesis
7.12 Further reading
8: High level osteotomies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Indications
8.2.1 The Le Fort II osteotomy (Figures 8.1a, 8.1b)
8.2.2 The Le Fort III osteotomy
8.3 Timing of surgery
8.4 Special investigations
8.5 Le Fort II surgical procedure
8.6 Le Fort III surgical procedure
8.6.1 Indications
8.7 Advantages and disadvantages of subcranial Le Fort III osteotomy
8.8 Complications related to anatomy of area
8.9 Other facial deformities
8.9.1 Treacher Collins Syndrome
8.9.2 Craniofacial (hemifacial) microsomia
8.10 Further reading
9: Case reports

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